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AKTİF BİR ENDÜSTRİ YERLEŞKESİNİN DÖNÜŞEN ROLÜ ÜZERİNE: Sümerbank Ordu – Soya Fabrikası

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 113 - 128, 26.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.71298/maddergi.1757403

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Cumhuriyet dönemi planlama anlayışıyla inşa edilen ve hâlen faal olan Sümerbank Ordu Soya Fabrikası’nın mekânsal ve tarihsel dönüşümü incelenmektedir. Araştırmanın amacı, fabrikanın sadece fiziksel bir yapı değil, aynı zamanda kentsel hafızayı şekillendiren ideolojik, ekonomik ve sosyal ilişkilerin mekânsal bir yansıması olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Bu çerçevede, araştırma tarihsel-coğrafi yaklaşım ile haritalama teknikleri, arşiv belgeleri ve yerinde gözlem yöntemleri temel alınarak yürütülmüştür. Fabrikanın bulunduğu alan, kuruluşundan günümüze kadar dört farklı dönemde ele alınarak arazi kullanımı, yapı yoğunluğu ve çevresel dönüşüm süreçleri analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, fabrikanın Ordu kentinin doğu yönlü gelişiminde belirleyici bir rol üstlendiğini ve zamanla kıyıdaki dış çeperden iç çepere dönüşerek kentsel bellekte güçlü bir simgesel anlam kazandığını göstermektedir. Günümüzde artan yapılaşma baskısı, bu özgün üretim alanını rant değeri üzerinden değerlendirmekte ve hem fiziksel sürekliliği hem de sosyal bütünlüğü tehdit yaratmaktadır. Çalışmanın bulguları, fabrikanın yaşayan bir endüstri mirası olarak korunmasını destekleyen ve kültürel yeniden işlevlendirme, belgeleme, eğitim ve inovasyon temelli yeni kullanımlar önererek sürdürülebilir dönüşüm için stratejik bir planlama çerçevesi sunmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, Sümerbank Ordu–Soya Fabrikası’nın kentsel mirasın bir parçası olarak değerlendirilmesi ve geleceğe taşınması, mekânsal kimliğin korunması açısından örnek teşkil etmektedir.

References

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  • Ahunbay, Z. (Çev.) (2017). Endüstri Mirası Siteleri, Yapıları, Alanları ve Peyzajlarının korunması için ICOMOS-TICCIH ortak ilkeleri “DUBLİN İlkeleri”. Adopted at the 17th General Assembly of ICOMOS held on November 28, 2011.
  • Asiliskender, B. (2006). Kayseri Eski Kent Merkezi’nde Cumhuriyet’in İlanından Günümüze Mekan ve Kimlik Deneyimi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(1), 203–212.
  • Asiliskender, B. (2012). Cumhuriyet’in Sanayi Kenti Kayseri ve Modernleşme Arayüzleri. Güney Mimarlık Dergisi, 8, 36–39.
  • Asiliskender, B., & Özsoy, A. (2010). Cumhuriyet Sonrası Kayseri'de Modernleşme: Mekânsal ve Toplumsal Değişim. İTÜ Dergisi/a, 9(1), 31–42.
  • Authors. (2025). Fringe-belt formations and urban expansion of Ordu [Illustration].
  • Authors. (2025). Spatial layout of the Sümerbank Ordu Soybean Factory Complex, based on 1964 basemap [Image overlay].
  • Aydın, E. Ö. (2011). Bursa'daki Endüstri Yapıları. In N. T. Dostoğlu & H. Dostoğlu (Eds.), Bursa Kültür Envanteri: Anıtsal Eserler (pp. 473–499). Bursa: Bursa Metropolitan Municipality Publications
  • Baker, A. R. H. (2003). Geography and History: Bridging The Divide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Barke, M. (2018). The Importance of Urban Form as an Object of Study. In V. Oliveira (Ed.), Teaching Urban Morphology (pp. 11–30). Cham: Springer.
  • Brenner, N., & Theodore, N. (2002). Cities and the geographies of ‘actually existing neoliberalism’. Antipode, 34(3), 349–379.
  • Brenner, N., & Theodore, N. (2005). Neoliberalism and The Urban Condition. City, 9(1), 101–107.
  • Cengizkan, M. (2006). Endüstri Yapılarında Yeniden İşlevlendirme: "İş"i Biten Endüstri Yapıları Ne "İş"e Yarar? Endüstri Mirası Dosya, TMMOB Chamber of Architects' Publication, 45(3), 9–13.
  • Conzen, M. R. G. (1960). Alnwick: Northumberland: A Study In Town-Plan Analysis. London: Institute of British Geographers Publication 27.
  • Çebi, S. (1973). Ordu Tarihi ve 50. yılda Ordu Şehri. Ordu: Ordu Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
  • Demirkan, Ö. (2022). Karadeniz kıyılarında bir modern: Sümerbank Ordu-Soya Fabrikası. Mimarlık, 427.
  • Eroğlu, N. (2007). Atatürk Dönemi İktisat Politikaları (1923–1938). Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 23(2), 63–73.
  • Gregory, I. N., & Healey, R. G. (2007). Historical GIS: Structuring, Mapping and Analysing Geographies of The Past. Progress in Human Geography, 31(5), 638–653.
  • Gu, K. (2010). Urban Morphological Regions and Urban Landscape Management: The Case of Central Auckland, New Zealand. Urban Design International, 15, 148–164.
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  • Köksal, T. G., & Ahunbay, Z. (2010). İstanbul'daki Endüstri Mirası İçin Koruma ve Yeniden Kullanım Önerileri. İTÜ Dergisi/a, 5(2), 125–136.
  • Lefebvre, H. (1991). The Production of Space (D. Nicholson-Smith, Trans.). Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Logan, J. R., & Molotch, H. (2007). Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Logan, W. S., & Reeves, K. J. (2009). Places of Pain and Shame: Dealing with ‘Difficult Heritage’. London: Routledge.
  • Lovering, J., & Türkmen, H. (2011). Bulldozer Neo-Liberalism In Istanbul: The State-Led Construction of Property Markets, and The Displacement Of The Urban Poor. International Planning Studies, 16(1), 73–96.
  • Madanipour, A. (1996). Urban Design and Dilemmas Of Space. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 14(3), 331–355.
  • Nora, P. (1989). Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Mémoire. Representations, (26), 7–24.
  • Ordu Metropolitan Municipality, Department of Planning and Urbanism. (n.d.). Buildings of the initial Sümerbank Ordu - Soybean Factory [Photos]. Unpublished material, Retrieved 10.12.2024 from the Department of Planning and Urbanism, Ordu Metropolitan Municipality.
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  • Ordu Metropolitan Municipality, Department of Planning and Urbanism. (1965). Aerial view of Ordu [Aerial Photograph]. Unpublished material, Retrieved 10.12.2024 from the Department of Planning and Urbanism, Ordu Metropolitan Municipality.
  • Ordu Metropolitan Municipality, Department of Planning and Urbanism. (ca. 1980). Aerial view of Ordu [Aerial Photograph]. Unpublished material, Retrieved 10.12.2024 from the Department of Planning and Urbanism, Ordu Metropolitan Municipality.
  • Ordu Metropolitan Municipality, Department of Planning and Urbanism. (1980). Aerial view of Sümerbank Ordu Soybean Factory [Aerial image]. Unpublished material, Retrieved 10.12.2024 from the Department of Planning and Urbanism, Ordu Metropolitan Municipality.
  • Ordu Metropolitan Municipality, Department of Planning and Urbanism. (1990). Aerial view of Sümerbank Ordu Soybean Factory [Aerial image]. Unpublished material, Retrieved 10.12.2024 from the Department of Planning and Urbanism, Ordu Metropolitan Municipality.
  • Ordu Metropolitan Municipality, Department of Planning and Urbanism. (2004). Base map of Ordu [Netcad Drawing]. Unpublished material, Retrieved 10.12.2024 from the Department of Planning and Urbanism, Ordu Metropolitan Municipality.
  • Ordu Metropolitan Municipality, Department of Planning and Urbanism. (2022). Sümerbank Ordu Soybean Factory and the Stadium [Photograph]. Unpublished material, Retrieved 10.12.2024 from the Department of Planning and Urbanism, Ordu Metropolitan Municipality.
  • Öz, Ö., & Eder, M. (2012). Rendering İstanbul’s Neoliberal Urbanism. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 36(6), 1242–1262.
  • Özalp, S., & Erkut, G. (2016). Kamu Yararı Perspektifinden İstanbul’da Kentsel Müdahaleler. Planning, 26(3), 234–250.
  • Özden, P. P. (2008). Kentsel Yenileme: Yasal, Yönetsel Boyut, Planlama ve Uygulama. İstanbul: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Özgönül, N. (2007). Cumhuriyetin Yeni Anadolu Kenti Zonguldak ve Endüstri Mirası. Mimarlık, 336(4), 50–54.
  • Özgür, T. (2025). Current status of architectural structures at the Sümerbank Ordu Soybean Factory [Photograph].
  • Peck, J., & Tickell, A. (2002). Neoliberalizing space. Antipode, 34(3), 380–404.
  • Polatoğlu, M. G. (2021). Türkiye’nin Kalkınmasında Sümerbank ve Etkinliği (1933–1987). Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, 37(104), 261–306.
  • Saner, M. (2012). Endüstri mirası: Kavramlar, kurumlar ve Türkiye'deki yaklaşımlar. Planlama, 52, 53–66.
  • Severcan, Y. C. (2012). Endüstri mirasının korunması ve yeniden işlevlendirilmesine ilişkin özelleştirme yaklaşımları: Sorunlar ve olanaklar. Planlama, 52, 40–46.
  • Smith, N. (2021). Mutenalaştırma, sınır ve kentsel mekânın yeniden yapılandırılması. In N. Smith & P. Williams (M. Uzun, Trans.), Kentin Mutenalaştırılması (pp. 29–55). Ankara: Yordam Kitap.
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THE EVOLVING ROLE OF AN ACTIVE INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX: Sümerbank Ordu - Soybean Factory

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 113 - 128, 26.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.71298/maddergi.1757403

Abstract

This study examines the spatial and historical transformation of the Sümerbank Ordu–Soybean Factory, constructed according to Republican-era planning principles and still in operation. The study aims to demonstrate that the factory is not only a physical structure but also a spatial reflection of the ideological, economic, and social relations that shape urban memory. Within this framework, the study employs a historical-geographical approach, utilizing mapping techniques, archival documents, and on site observations. The site was analysed across four distinct periods from its foundation to the present, focusing on land use, building density, and environmental transformation processes. The findings reveal that the factory played a decisive role in the eastward development of the city of Ordu and gradually transformed from a peripheral fringe at the coast into an inner fringe zone, gaining strong symbolic significance in urban memory. Contemporary pressures of urbanization increasingly evaluate this unique production site in terms of real estate value, threatening both physical continuity and social cohesion. The study advocates for the preservation of the factory as a living industrial heritage, proposing cultural adaptive reuse, documentation, education, and innovation-driven functions as part of a strategic planning framework for sustainable transformation. In conclusion, the Sümerbank Ordu–Soybean Factory case study demonstrates how strategically preserved and adaptively reused industrial heritage can be integrated into urban identity and the socio-spatial structure of a city.

References

  • Aalbers, M. B. (2012). Subprime cities and the twin crises. In M. B. Aalbers (Ed.), Subprime Cities: The Political Economy Of Mortgage Markets (pp. 1–22). Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Ahunbay, Z. (Çev.) (2017). Endüstri Mirası Siteleri, Yapıları, Alanları ve Peyzajlarının korunması için ICOMOS-TICCIH ortak ilkeleri “DUBLİN İlkeleri”. Adopted at the 17th General Assembly of ICOMOS held on November 28, 2011.
  • Asiliskender, B. (2006). Kayseri Eski Kent Merkezi’nde Cumhuriyet’in İlanından Günümüze Mekan ve Kimlik Deneyimi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(1), 203–212.
  • Asiliskender, B. (2012). Cumhuriyet’in Sanayi Kenti Kayseri ve Modernleşme Arayüzleri. Güney Mimarlık Dergisi, 8, 36–39.
  • Asiliskender, B., & Özsoy, A. (2010). Cumhuriyet Sonrası Kayseri'de Modernleşme: Mekânsal ve Toplumsal Değişim. İTÜ Dergisi/a, 9(1), 31–42.
  • Authors. (2025). Fringe-belt formations and urban expansion of Ordu [Illustration].
  • Authors. (2025). Spatial layout of the Sümerbank Ordu Soybean Factory Complex, based on 1964 basemap [Image overlay].
  • Aydın, E. Ö. (2011). Bursa'daki Endüstri Yapıları. In N. T. Dostoğlu & H. Dostoğlu (Eds.), Bursa Kültür Envanteri: Anıtsal Eserler (pp. 473–499). Bursa: Bursa Metropolitan Municipality Publications
  • Baker, A. R. H. (2003). Geography and History: Bridging The Divide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Barke, M. (2018). The Importance of Urban Form as an Object of Study. In V. Oliveira (Ed.), Teaching Urban Morphology (pp. 11–30). Cham: Springer.
  • Brenner, N., & Theodore, N. (2002). Cities and the geographies of ‘actually existing neoliberalism’. Antipode, 34(3), 349–379.
  • Brenner, N., & Theodore, N. (2005). Neoliberalism and The Urban Condition. City, 9(1), 101–107.
  • Cengizkan, M. (2006). Endüstri Yapılarında Yeniden İşlevlendirme: "İş"i Biten Endüstri Yapıları Ne "İş"e Yarar? Endüstri Mirası Dosya, TMMOB Chamber of Architects' Publication, 45(3), 9–13.
  • Conzen, M. R. G. (1960). Alnwick: Northumberland: A Study In Town-Plan Analysis. London: Institute of British Geographers Publication 27.
  • Çebi, S. (1973). Ordu Tarihi ve 50. yılda Ordu Şehri. Ordu: Ordu Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
  • Demirkan, Ö. (2022). Karadeniz kıyılarında bir modern: Sümerbank Ordu-Soya Fabrikası. Mimarlık, 427.
  • Eroğlu, N. (2007). Atatürk Dönemi İktisat Politikaları (1923–1938). Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 23(2), 63–73.
  • Gregory, I. N., & Healey, R. G. (2007). Historical GIS: Structuring, Mapping and Analysing Geographies of The Past. Progress in Human Geography, 31(5), 638–653.
  • Gu, K. (2010). Urban Morphological Regions and Urban Landscape Management: The Case of Central Auckland, New Zealand. Urban Design International, 15, 148–164.
  • Harvey, D. (1973). Social Justice and The City. London: Edward Arnold.
  • Harvey, D. (1989). The Condition of Postmodernity. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Harvey, D. (2001). Spaces of Capital: Towards A Critical Geography. New York & London: Routledge.
  • Healey, P. (1997). Collaborative Planning: Shaping Places in Fragmented Societies. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
  • Kaçar, A. D. (2017). Kreativ Quartier Lohberg: Post-Endüstriyel Alanların Dönüşümünde Yaratıcı Bir Örnek. Mimarlık Dergisi, 397, 62–66.
  • Keleş, R., Erbay, Y., & Görmez, K. (2022). Kentsel Dönüşümden Kentsel Ranta (2. Baskı). Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Keyder, Ç. (2005). Globalization and Social Exclusion In Istanbul. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 29(1), 124–134.
  • Köksal, G. (2012). Endüstri Mirasını Koruma ve Yeniden Kullanım Yaklaşımı. Güney Mimarlık, 8, 18–24.
  • Köksal, T. G., & Ahunbay, Z. (2010). İstanbul'daki Endüstri Mirası İçin Koruma ve Yeniden Kullanım Önerileri. İTÜ Dergisi/a, 5(2), 125–136.
  • Lefebvre, H. (1991). The Production of Space (D. Nicholson-Smith, Trans.). Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Logan, J. R., & Molotch, H. (2007). Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Logan, W. S., & Reeves, K. J. (2009). Places of Pain and Shame: Dealing with ‘Difficult Heritage’. London: Routledge.
  • Lovering, J., & Türkmen, H. (2011). Bulldozer Neo-Liberalism In Istanbul: The State-Led Construction of Property Markets, and The Displacement Of The Urban Poor. International Planning Studies, 16(1), 73–96.
  • Madanipour, A. (1996). Urban Design and Dilemmas Of Space. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 14(3), 331–355.
  • Nora, P. (1989). Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Mémoire. Representations, (26), 7–24.
  • Ordu Metropolitan Municipality, Department of Planning and Urbanism. (n.d.). Buildings of the initial Sümerbank Ordu - Soybean Factory [Photos]. Unpublished material, Retrieved 10.12.2024 from the Department of Planning and Urbanism, Ordu Metropolitan Municipality.
  • Ordu Metropolitan Municipality, Department of Planning and Urbanism. (ca. 1950). Aerial view of Ordu [Aerial Photograph]. Unpublished material, Retrieved 10.12.2024 from the Department of Planning and Urbanism, Ordu Metropolitan Municipality.
  • Ordu Metropolitan Municipality, Department of Planning and Urbanism. (1965). Aerial view of Ordu [Aerial Photograph]. Unpublished material, Retrieved 10.12.2024 from the Department of Planning and Urbanism, Ordu Metropolitan Municipality.
  • Ordu Metropolitan Municipality, Department of Planning and Urbanism. (ca. 1980). Aerial view of Ordu [Aerial Photograph]. Unpublished material, Retrieved 10.12.2024 from the Department of Planning and Urbanism, Ordu Metropolitan Municipality.
  • Ordu Metropolitan Municipality, Department of Planning and Urbanism. (1980). Aerial view of Sümerbank Ordu Soybean Factory [Aerial image]. Unpublished material, Retrieved 10.12.2024 from the Department of Planning and Urbanism, Ordu Metropolitan Municipality.
  • Ordu Metropolitan Municipality, Department of Planning and Urbanism. (1990). Aerial view of Sümerbank Ordu Soybean Factory [Aerial image]. Unpublished material, Retrieved 10.12.2024 from the Department of Planning and Urbanism, Ordu Metropolitan Municipality.
  • Ordu Metropolitan Municipality, Department of Planning and Urbanism. (2004). Base map of Ordu [Netcad Drawing]. Unpublished material, Retrieved 10.12.2024 from the Department of Planning and Urbanism, Ordu Metropolitan Municipality.
  • Ordu Metropolitan Municipality, Department of Planning and Urbanism. (2022). Sümerbank Ordu Soybean Factory and the Stadium [Photograph]. Unpublished material, Retrieved 10.12.2024 from the Department of Planning and Urbanism, Ordu Metropolitan Municipality.
  • Öz, Ö., & Eder, M. (2012). Rendering İstanbul’s Neoliberal Urbanism. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 36(6), 1242–1262.
  • Özalp, S., & Erkut, G. (2016). Kamu Yararı Perspektifinden İstanbul’da Kentsel Müdahaleler. Planning, 26(3), 234–250.
  • Özden, P. P. (2008). Kentsel Yenileme: Yasal, Yönetsel Boyut, Planlama ve Uygulama. İstanbul: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Özgönül, N. (2007). Cumhuriyetin Yeni Anadolu Kenti Zonguldak ve Endüstri Mirası. Mimarlık, 336(4), 50–54.
  • Özgür, T. (2025). Current status of architectural structures at the Sümerbank Ordu Soybean Factory [Photograph].
  • Peck, J., & Tickell, A. (2002). Neoliberalizing space. Antipode, 34(3), 380–404.
  • Polatoğlu, M. G. (2021). Türkiye’nin Kalkınmasında Sümerbank ve Etkinliği (1933–1987). Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, 37(104), 261–306.
  • Saner, M. (2012). Endüstri mirası: Kavramlar, kurumlar ve Türkiye'deki yaklaşımlar. Planlama, 52, 53–66.
  • Severcan, Y. C. (2012). Endüstri mirasının korunması ve yeniden işlevlendirilmesine ilişkin özelleştirme yaklaşımları: Sorunlar ve olanaklar. Planlama, 52, 40–46.
  • Smith, N. (2021). Mutenalaştırma, sınır ve kentsel mekânın yeniden yapılandırılması. In N. Smith & P. Williams (M. Uzun, Trans.), Kentin Mutenalaştırılması (pp. 29–55). Ankara: Yordam Kitap.
  • Soja, E. W. (1996). Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Real-and-Imagined Places. Cambridge: Blackwell.
  • Şengül, H. T. (2009). Kentsel Çelişki ve Siyaset: Kapitalist Kentleşme Süreçlerinin Eleştirisi. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Tanyeli, G. (1998). Endüstri Arkeolojisi. Arredamento Mimarlık, 100(2), 92–99. Theodore, N., Peck, J., & Brenner, N. (2012). Neoliberal kentçilik: Kentler ve piyasaların egemenliği. İdealkent, (7), 21–37.
  • URL-1. Google Earth Aerial image. Location of the Sümerbank Ordu Soybean Factory within the Urban Context. Retrieved 02.02.2025 from https://earth.google.com/web/@41.0045466,37.9264461,-13893.79690492a,16560.95174662d,35y,0.02941902h,10.55627649t,0.001r/data=CgRCAggBOgMKATBCAggASg0I____________ARAA?utm_source=earth7&utm_campaign=vine&hl=en
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There are 63 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects City and Regional Planning, Architectural Heritage and Conservation
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Türkan Özgür 0000-0003-2078-4909

Beyza Karadeniz 0000-0002-2191-2346

Publication Date November 26, 2025
Submission Date August 6, 2025
Acceptance Date September 29, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özgür, T., & Karadeniz, B. (2025). THE EVOLVING ROLE OF AN ACTIVE INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX: Sümerbank Ordu - Soybean Factory. Mekansal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(2), 113-128. https://doi.org/10.71298/maddergi.1757403

downloadThe manuscripts accepted for publication by the Journal of Spatial Research are published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license.