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KALINTILAR ARASINDAKİ YAŞAMLAR: LOUIS DE BERNIÈRES’IN KANATSIZ KUŞLAR ROMANINDA YUNAN MİLLİYETÇİLİĞİ

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 143 - 166, 23.04.2021

Abstract

Louis de Bernières’in Kanatsız Kuşlar adlı romanı, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun yıkılmanın eşiğine geldiği dönemlerde kurgusal bir köyde geçen hayat hikayelerini ele almaktadır. Romanda, köy sakinleri içerisinde, amacı Yunan milliyetçiliğini yaymak olan, Yunan öğretmen Daskalos Leonidas da bulunmaktadır. Roman, Likya, Helen ve Roma kalıntılarının arasında kurgulandığı için, okuyucuya mekanla zamansal bir ilişki kurmasına olanak tanınmaktadır. Yayılmacı milliyetçi bir roman karakterini, böylesi çok katmanlı ve tarihsel açıdan dinamik bir ortamda kurgulayarak, de Bernières, milliyetçi ve yayılmacı ideolojilerin meşruluğunu sorgulamaktadır. Bu makalede, Yunan yayılmacılığının meşruluğu, medeniyet, ata toprağı ve milliyetçilik kavramlarının incelenmesi yoluyla analiz edilmektedir. Bu makale, Yunan milliyetçiliğine dair inançların inşasını bu çerçeveden ele alarak, aynı zamanda, de Bernières’in milliyetçi çıkarlar adına tarihin kötüye kullanımına dair getirdiği eleştirisine de bir ışık tutmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, romanda, toplumsallık bilinci, medeniyetler arasında hiyerarşi beklentisinde olduğu gibi, kasıtlı bir duygu olarak betimlenmiştir.

References

  • Barkey, Karen, Empire of Difference: The Ottomans in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge University Press. New York 2009.
  • Barkey, Karen, “Sharing Sacred Sites: The Ottoman Past and Transcultural Memories” paper presented at Ottoman Pasts, Present Cities: Cosmopolitanism and Transcultural Memories AHRC Research Network; International Two-Day Conference, London (26-27 June 2014). Accessed 23 February 2018.
  • https://ottomancosmopolitanism.wordpress.com/conference-podcasts. Campos, Michelle U., Ottoman Brothers: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Early Twentieth-Century Palestine. Stanford University Press. Stanford, California 2011.
  • Çalışır, Fatih, “Decline of a ‘Myth’: Perspectives on the Ottoman ‘Decline’”. The History School. IX (January-April 2011). pp. 37-60.
  • de Bernières, Louis, Birds Without Wings. Secker and Warburg. London 2004.
  • Hobsbawm, Eric J., Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge 1990, repr. 2012.
  • Ifversen, Jan, “The Crisis of European Civilization: an Inter-War Diagnosis”, Globalization and Civilizations. ed. Mehdi Mozaffari. Routledge. London and New York 2002.
  • Kohl, Philip L., “Nationalism and Archaeology: On the Constructions of Nations and the Reconstructions of the Remote Past”. Annual Review of Anthropology. 27 (1998). pp. 223-46.
  • Malešević, Siniša, Identity as Ideology: Understanding Ethnicity and Nationalism. Palgrave Macmillan. Basingstoke, Hampshire 2006.
  • Mango, Cyril, “Byzantinism and Romantic Hellenism”. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes. 28 (1965). pp. 29-43.
  • Mazlish, Bruce, Civilization and Its Contents. Stanford University Press. Stanford, California 2004.
  • Mylonas, Harris, The Politics of Nation-Building: Making Co-Nationals, Refugees, and Minorities. Cambridge University Press. New York 2012.
  • Özkırımlı, Umut, and Spyros A. Sofos, Tormented by History: Nationalism in Greece and Turkey. Hurst Publishers. London 2008.
  • Roudometof, Victor, “From Rum Millet to Greek Nation: Enlightenment, Secularization, and National Identity in Ottoman Balkan Society, 1453–1821”. Journal of Modern Greek Studies. 16 (1998). pp. 11-48.
  • Said, Edward W, Orientalism. Penguin. London 2003 (1978).
  • Smith, Anthony D., Nationalism and Modernism: A Critical Survey of Recent Theories of Nations and Nationalism. Routledge. London 1998.
  • Smith, Anthony D., The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Blackwell Publishing. Cornwall 1986, repr. 1988.
  • Smith, Anthony D., “When is a Nation”. Geopolitics. 7.2 (2002). pp. 5-32
  • Toynbee, Arnold J., The Western Question in Greece and Turkey: A Study in the Contact of Civilisations. Constable and Company. London 1922.
  • Valéry, Paul, “Puissance de choix de l'Europe”. Cahiers du mois. 9-10 (February-March 1925). pp. 16-17.

LIVES AMIDST RUINS: GREEK NATIONALISM IN LOUIS DE BERNIÈRES’S BIRDS WITHOUT WINGS

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 143 - 166, 23.04.2021

Abstract

Louis de Bernières’s Birds Without Wings offers an account of a fictional Ottoman town on the brink of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Among the inhabitants of the town is Daskalos Leonidas, an irredentist Greek teacher, whose purpose is to promote Greek nationalism among the Greek inhabitants of the town. The novel is set amidst the Lycian, Hellenic and Roman ruins, allowing the reader to engage diachronically with the setting. By positioning an irredentist character in such a multi-layered and ever-changing setting, de Bernières is able to question the legitimacy of nationalist and irredentist ideologies. In this article, the legitimacy of Greek irredentism is analysed through the examination of the concepts of civilisation, ancestral land and nationalism. By debating the construction of Greek nationalist notions within this framework, this article sheds some light on de Bernières’s criticism of the exploitation of historical knowledge for nationalist gains. Ultimately, the sense of community is delineated as a deliberate feeling in the novel as well as the de-sire for civilisational hierarchies. 

References

  • Barkey, Karen, Empire of Difference: The Ottomans in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge University Press. New York 2009.
  • Barkey, Karen, “Sharing Sacred Sites: The Ottoman Past and Transcultural Memories” paper presented at Ottoman Pasts, Present Cities: Cosmopolitanism and Transcultural Memories AHRC Research Network; International Two-Day Conference, London (26-27 June 2014). Accessed 23 February 2018.
  • https://ottomancosmopolitanism.wordpress.com/conference-podcasts. Campos, Michelle U., Ottoman Brothers: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Early Twentieth-Century Palestine. Stanford University Press. Stanford, California 2011.
  • Çalışır, Fatih, “Decline of a ‘Myth’: Perspectives on the Ottoman ‘Decline’”. The History School. IX (January-April 2011). pp. 37-60.
  • de Bernières, Louis, Birds Without Wings. Secker and Warburg. London 2004.
  • Hobsbawm, Eric J., Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge 1990, repr. 2012.
  • Ifversen, Jan, “The Crisis of European Civilization: an Inter-War Diagnosis”, Globalization and Civilizations. ed. Mehdi Mozaffari. Routledge. London and New York 2002.
  • Kohl, Philip L., “Nationalism and Archaeology: On the Constructions of Nations and the Reconstructions of the Remote Past”. Annual Review of Anthropology. 27 (1998). pp. 223-46.
  • Malešević, Siniša, Identity as Ideology: Understanding Ethnicity and Nationalism. Palgrave Macmillan. Basingstoke, Hampshire 2006.
  • Mango, Cyril, “Byzantinism and Romantic Hellenism”. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes. 28 (1965). pp. 29-43.
  • Mazlish, Bruce, Civilization and Its Contents. Stanford University Press. Stanford, California 2004.
  • Mylonas, Harris, The Politics of Nation-Building: Making Co-Nationals, Refugees, and Minorities. Cambridge University Press. New York 2012.
  • Özkırımlı, Umut, and Spyros A. Sofos, Tormented by History: Nationalism in Greece and Turkey. Hurst Publishers. London 2008.
  • Roudometof, Victor, “From Rum Millet to Greek Nation: Enlightenment, Secularization, and National Identity in Ottoman Balkan Society, 1453–1821”. Journal of Modern Greek Studies. 16 (1998). pp. 11-48.
  • Said, Edward W, Orientalism. Penguin. London 2003 (1978).
  • Smith, Anthony D., Nationalism and Modernism: A Critical Survey of Recent Theories of Nations and Nationalism. Routledge. London 1998.
  • Smith, Anthony D., The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Blackwell Publishing. Cornwall 1986, repr. 1988.
  • Smith, Anthony D., “When is a Nation”. Geopolitics. 7.2 (2002). pp. 5-32
  • Toynbee, Arnold J., The Western Question in Greece and Turkey: A Study in the Contact of Civilisations. Constable and Company. London 1922.
  • Valéry, Paul, “Puissance de choix de l'Europe”. Cahiers du mois. 9-10 (February-March 1925). pp. 16-17.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Yasemin Şahin 0000-0001-7160-2904

Publication Date April 23, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şahin, Y. (2021). LIVES AMIDST RUINS: GREEK NATIONALISM IN LOUIS DE BERNIÈRES’S BIRDS WITHOUT WINGS. Milliyetçilik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 143-166.
AMA Şahin Y. LIVES AMIDST RUINS: GREEK NATIONALISM IN LOUIS DE BERNIÈRES’S BIRDS WITHOUT WINGS. MAD-JNS. April 2021;3(1):143-166.
Chicago Şahin, Yasemin. “LIVES AMIDST RUINS: GREEK NATIONALISM IN LOUIS DE BERNIÈRES’S BIRDS WITHOUT WINGS”. Milliyetçilik Araştırmaları Dergisi 3, no. 1 (April 2021): 143-66.
EndNote Şahin Y (April 1, 2021) LIVES AMIDST RUINS: GREEK NATIONALISM IN LOUIS DE BERNIÈRES’S BIRDS WITHOUT WINGS. Milliyetçilik Araştırmaları Dergisi 3 1 143–166.
IEEE Y. Şahin, “LIVES AMIDST RUINS: GREEK NATIONALISM IN LOUIS DE BERNIÈRES’S BIRDS WITHOUT WINGS”, MAD-JNS, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 143–166, 2021.
ISNAD Şahin, Yasemin. “LIVES AMIDST RUINS: GREEK NATIONALISM IN LOUIS DE BERNIÈRES’S BIRDS WITHOUT WINGS”. Milliyetçilik Araştırmaları Dergisi 3/1 (April 2021), 143-166.
JAMA Şahin Y. LIVES AMIDST RUINS: GREEK NATIONALISM IN LOUIS DE BERNIÈRES’S BIRDS WITHOUT WINGS. MAD-JNS. 2021;3:143–166.
MLA Şahin, Yasemin. “LIVES AMIDST RUINS: GREEK NATIONALISM IN LOUIS DE BERNIÈRES’S BIRDS WITHOUT WINGS”. Milliyetçilik Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 1, 2021, pp. 143-66.
Vancouver Şahin Y. LIVES AMIDST RUINS: GREEK NATIONALISM IN LOUIS DE BERNIÈRES’S BIRDS WITHOUT WINGS. MAD-JNS. 2021;3(1):143-66.

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