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THE IMPORTANCE AND USE OF TYPOGRAPHY IN PRINT AND DIGITAL DESIGN

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 48, 2406 - 2426, 26.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.12981/mahder.1526320

Abstract

ABSTRACT: The main element of design on print and digital platforms is typography. Typography in designs; It is the process in which features such as the font to be used, print-size, color, and spacing are determined and applied. Making a good design attractive, attractive and understandable is achieved by using the right typography in all printed and digital designs. Typography emerged with the letterpress printing applied by Gutenberg in the 1440s. In the early years, it was accepted as a book article. It has become a part of visual design with the increase in competition with the industrial revolution, the importance of recognition and the invention of photography. Nowadays, we encounter it not only in printed communication tools but also in digital media that affect all areas of our lives. Application of typography for digital environments; Font selection is very important for the readability of the text and its best delivery to the target audience, as well as for its functionality and aesthetics. Choosing the right font directly affects the user experien ce in a positive way.In this study, typographic elements in printed materials and digital environments were compared on examples and the more preferred fonts in designs were determined. As printed material; newspaper, magazine, brochure, book, catalog and packaging printing, digitally; Websites, social media and e-book platforms and mobile applications were examined and their typographic applications were compared. As a result, in the use of typography in printed material designs; Serif fonts such as Times New Roman, Garamond, Cambria, Georgia, which do not tire the eyes and provide faster perception and understandability, and serif fonts on digital platforms, on the contrary, make it difficult to read, therefore Arial, Helvetica, Open Sans are available on all digital platforms examined. It has been determined that sans serif fonts such as, Montserrat are more preferred.

References

  • Ali, A. Z. M., et al. (2013). Reading on the computer screen: Does font type have effects on web text readability?. International Education Studies, 6(3), 26-35.
  • Aksaray, M. E. - Dartar, S. (2024). Sayfa tasarımının tanımı ve temel unsurları. Akademik Sanat, (21), 16-26.
  • Ambrose, G. - Harris, P. (2011). Tipografinin temelleri. İstanbul: Literatür Yayıncılık.
  • Amdur, D. (2006). Typographic design in the digital studio. New York: Thomas Delmar Learning Publishing.
  • Archer‐Parré, C. (2019). Type, typography, and the typographer. A Companion to the History of the Book, (eds.: Simon Eliot – Jonathan Rose), 81-94, New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • Arditi, A. - Cho, J. (2005). Serifs and font legibility. Vision Research, 45(23), 2926–2933. Baltacı, A. (2019). Nitel araştırma süreci: Nitel bir araştırma nasıl yapılır? Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(2), 368-388.
  • Beckers, N., et al. (2017). Comparing the demands of destination entry using Google Glass and the Samsung Galaxy S4 during simulated driving. Applied Ergonomics, 58, 25–34.
  • Bernard, M. L., et al. (2003). Comparing the effects of text size and format on the readibility of computer-displayed Times New Roman and Arial text. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 59(6), 823-835.
  • Bigelow, C. (2019). Typeface features and legibility research. Vision Research, 165, 162–172.
  • Chatrangsan, M. - Petrie, H. (2019, May). The effect of typeface and font size on reading text on a tablet computer for older and younger people. Proceedings of the 16th International Web for All Conference, 1-10, New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
  • Craig, J. - & Bevington, W. (1999). Designing with type: A basic course intypography. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications.
  • Daxer, B., et al. (2022). Towards a standardisation of reading charts: Font effects on reading performance—Times New Roman with serifs versus the sans serif font Helvetica. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 42(6), 1180-1186.
  • Dikmen, Ü. (2013). Ekran fontlarının kullanilabilirliğe etkisi. İdil Sanat ve Dil Dergisi, 2(06), 306-324.
  • Dogusoy, B., et al. (2016). How serif and sans serif typefaces influence reading on screen: An eye tracking study. Design, User Experience, and Usability: Novel User Experiences: 5th International Conference, DUXU 2016, Held as Part of HCI International 2016, Toronto, Canada, July 17–22, 2016, Proceedings, Part II 5, 578-586, New York: Springer International Publishing.
  • Dursun, F. (2018). İndirilebilir mobil uygulamaların okunurluk ve okunabilirlik açısından incelenmesi: Ulusal gazeteler örneği İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi.
  • Dursun, F. (2023). Dijital kaynak tasarımlarının tipografik özellikleri ve dijital okuryazarlık. Erciyes Journal of Education, 7(2), 79-104.
  • Erlhoff, M. (2008). Design dictionary: Perspectives on design terminology. Basel- Boston-Berlin: Birkhäuser.
  • Garfield, S. (2012). Tam benim tipim. (çev.: S. Gürses), İstanbul: Domingo Yayıncılık.
  • Gasser, M., et al. R. (2005). The influence of font type on information recall. North American Journal of Psychology, 7(2), 181-188.
  • Hoffmeister, S. (2016). The impact of font type on reading. A Senior Thesis Submitted to the Eastern Michigan University Honors College.
  • Hojjati, N. - Muniandy, B. (2014). The effects of font type and spacing of text for online readability and performance. Contemporary Educational Technology, 5(2), 161-174.
  • Huang, L. S. (2008). Students’ preferences on the design of electronic teaching presentation and their learning style. Master of Education (Educational Technology) Thesis, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
  • İgit, A. (2022). Resimli kitaplarda tipografi kullanımı: Okunaklılık ve okunabilirlik üzerinden bir içerik analizi. Medeniyet Sanat Dergisi, 8(2), 187-206.
  • Josephson, S. (2008). Keeping your readers' eyes on the screen: An eye-tracking study comparing sans serif and serif typefaces. Visual Communication Quarterly, 15(1-2), 67-79.
  • Kaya, S. E. (2024). İşlevsellik, sanat ve iletişim entegrasyonu olarak tipografinin dili. Marmara Üniversitesi Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 15(1), 87-107.
  • Kamollimsakul, S. (2016). Web design guidelines for text presentation for older people: empirical evidence from Thailand and the UK. York: Doctoral Dissertation, University of York.
  • Karataş, Z. (2015). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştirma yöntemleri. Manevi Temelli Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 62-80.
  • Karim, NA. - Shukur Z. (2016). Proposed features of an online examination interface design and its optimal values. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 414-422.
  • Kelly, S. - Gregory, T. (2011). Typography in human-computer interaction. Iowa: Iowa State University.
  • Kesgin, R. (2021). Yazı okunabilirliğine etki eden faktörlerin incelenmesi. Akademik Sanat, 13, 79-93.
  • Lannon, J. M. (ed.). (2000). Chapter 15: designing pages and documents. Technical Communication, 304-322, New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
  • Ling, J. -Van Schaik, P. (2006). The influence of font type and line length on visual search and information retrieval in web pages. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 64(5), 395-404.).
  • Mackiewicz, J. (2006) Audience perceptions of fonts in projected powerpoint text slides. Conference: International Professional Communication Conference, IEEE, 68-76, Washington.
  • McCarthy, S. (2020). Digital typography at Stanford. She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, 6(4), 546-560.
  • Mohd Rezan, N. E. K. (2020). The important of typography in publication. Journal of Art and Design (REKA), 2, 32-34.
  • Moholy-Nagy, L. (2001). The new typography. Looking Closer 3, Classic Writings on Graphic Design, 20-22. Özmutlu, A. (2020). Grafik tasarımın yazı karakteri kullanım tercihlerinin incelenmesi. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(2), 287-301.
  • Peck, W. (2003). Great web typography. New York: Wiley Powell.
  • Pehlivan, Z. (2015). E-kitaplarda tipografik tasarım önerileri. Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 1(15), 91-101.
  • Poulton, E. C. (1965). Letter differentiation and rate of comprehension in reading. Journal of Applied Psychology, 49(5), 358-362.
  • Rajapakse, S. - Beneragama, C. (2014). Are the first year graduate Students equipped with the effective usage of powerPoint® for scientific appliances? 1-2, Conference: Global Conference on Contemporary Issues in EducationAt: Las Vegas, USA.
  • Rello, L., et al. (2016). The effect of font type on screen readability by people with dyslexia. ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS), 8(4), 1-33.
  • Rössler, P. (2022). New typography, the Bauhaus, and its impact on graphic design. Bauhaus Effects in Art, Architecture, and Design, 25-43, London: Routledge.
  • Sasidharan, S. - Dhanesh, G. (2008). Font personality and b2c e-commerce trust. AMCIS 2008 Proceedings, 215, USA: Americas Conference on Information Systems.
  • Sheedy, J. E., et al. (2005). Text legibility and the letter superiority effect. Human Factors, 47(4), 797-815.
  • Strizver, I. (2013). Type rules: The designer's guide to professional typography. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Toschi, C. (2020). Futurism and the birth of modern typography. International Yearbook of Futurism Studies, 200, Berlin: De Gruyter.
  • Uğur, E. (2019). Ulusal gazete manşetlerinin tipografik tasarım teknikleri açısından yorumlanması. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20, 147-168.
  • Ukonu, M. O., et al. (2021). Interactive effects of institutional requirements and screen vs. Print platforms on preference of Times New Roman and Calibri among university students. Cogent Education, 8(1), 1968779.
  • Upchurch, C. (2017). The effect of font type on memory for instruction. University of Mississippi Thesis, Oxford.
  • Van Leeuwen, T. (2005). Typographic meaning. Visual Communication, 4(2), 137-143.
  • Vecino, S., et al. (2022). How does serif vs sans serif typeface impact the usability of e-commerce websites?. PeerJ Computer Science, 8, e1139.
  • Whiteside, N., et al. (2022). Digital literacy programs in support of diverse communities – an Australian public library approach. Journal of the Australian Library and Information Association, 7 (4), 388-407.
  • Yazar, T. (2020). Sanat ve teknoloji ilişkisinde görsel iletişim aracı olarak tipografi ve eğitim sürecindeki uygulama yaklaşımları. Uluslararası Disiplinlerarası ve Kültürlerarası Sanat, 5(11), 255-269.
  • Yildiz, M. - Keş, Y. (2017). Yirmibirinci yüzyılın font tasarımlarında okunurluk üzerine çalışmalar. İdil Sanat ve Dil Dergisi, 6(38), 62-85.
  • Yücel, K. (2022). Öğrencilerin ders sunumlarında tercih ettikleri yazı tipleri. Izmir Democracy University Health Sciences Journal, 5(1), 113-137.
  • Zamzuri, A., et al. (2013). Reading on the computer screen: Does font type have effects on web text readability? International Education Studies, 6(3), 26-35.

TİPOGRAFİNİN BASILI VE DİJİTAL TASARIMDAKİ ÖNEMİ VE KULLANIMI

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 48, 2406 - 2426, 26.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.12981/mahder.1526320

Abstract

ÖZET
Basılı ve dijital platformlarda tasarımın ana öğesi tipografidir. Tipografi, tasarımlarda; kullanılacak olan yazı fontu, punto değeri, rengi, espas boşlukları gibi özelliklerin belirlendiği ve uygulandığı süreçtir. İyi bir tasarımın ilgi çekici, akılda kalıcı ve anlaşılır olması, tüm basılı ve dijital tasarımlarda doğru tipografinin kullanımı ile gerçekleşir. Tipografi, Gutenberg’in 1440 yıllarda uyguladığı Tipo baskı ile ortaya çıkmış, ilk yıllarda kitap yazısı olarak kabul görmüştür. Sanayi devrimiyle birlikte rekabetin artması, tanınırlığın önem kazanması ve fotoğrafın icadı ile birlikte görsel tasarımın bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Günümüzde ise, sadece basılı iletişim araçlarında değil hayatımızın tüm alanlarını etkileyen dijital mecralarda da karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Dijital ortamlar için tipografi uygulanışı; yazı tipi seçimi, metnin okunabilirliği ve hedef kitleye en iyi şekilde iletilmesi, işlevselliği ve estetiği için oldukça önemlidir. Doğru yazı tipi seçimi, kullanıcı deneyimini doğrudan olumlu yönde etkiler. Bu çalışmada, basılı materyaller ve dijital ortamlardaki tipografik öğeler, örnekler üzerinde karşılaştırılarak, tasarımlardaki daha çok tercih edilen yazı fontları tespit edilmiştir. Basılı materyal olarak; gazete, dergi, broşür, kitap, katalog ve ambalaj baskıları, dijital olarak; web siteleri, sosyal medya ve e-kitap platformları ve mobil uygulamalar incelenmiş olup, tipografik uygulamaları karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, basılı materyal tasarımlarındaki tipografi kullanımında; gözü yormayan, algılamanın ve anlaşılabilirliğin daha hızlı sağlandığı Times New Roman, Garamond, Cambria, Georgia gibi serifli (tırnaklı) fontların, dijital platformlarda ise, serifli fontların, tam aksine okumayı güçleştirdiği, bu sebeple, incelenen tüm dijital platformlarda Arial, Helvetica, Open Sans, Montserrat gibi serifsiz yazıların daha çok tercih edildiği tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Ali, A. Z. M., et al. (2013). Reading on the computer screen: Does font type have effects on web text readability?. International Education Studies, 6(3), 26-35.
  • Aksaray, M. E. - Dartar, S. (2024). Sayfa tasarımının tanımı ve temel unsurları. Akademik Sanat, (21), 16-26.
  • Ambrose, G. - Harris, P. (2011). Tipografinin temelleri. İstanbul: Literatür Yayıncılık.
  • Amdur, D. (2006). Typographic design in the digital studio. New York: Thomas Delmar Learning Publishing.
  • Archer‐Parré, C. (2019). Type, typography, and the typographer. A Companion to the History of the Book, (eds.: Simon Eliot – Jonathan Rose), 81-94, New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • Arditi, A. - Cho, J. (2005). Serifs and font legibility. Vision Research, 45(23), 2926–2933. Baltacı, A. (2019). Nitel araştırma süreci: Nitel bir araştırma nasıl yapılır? Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(2), 368-388.
  • Beckers, N., et al. (2017). Comparing the demands of destination entry using Google Glass and the Samsung Galaxy S4 during simulated driving. Applied Ergonomics, 58, 25–34.
  • Bernard, M. L., et al. (2003). Comparing the effects of text size and format on the readibility of computer-displayed Times New Roman and Arial text. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 59(6), 823-835.
  • Bigelow, C. (2019). Typeface features and legibility research. Vision Research, 165, 162–172.
  • Chatrangsan, M. - Petrie, H. (2019, May). The effect of typeface and font size on reading text on a tablet computer for older and younger people. Proceedings of the 16th International Web for All Conference, 1-10, New York: Association for Computing Machinery.
  • Craig, J. - & Bevington, W. (1999). Designing with type: A basic course intypography. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications.
  • Daxer, B., et al. (2022). Towards a standardisation of reading charts: Font effects on reading performance—Times New Roman with serifs versus the sans serif font Helvetica. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 42(6), 1180-1186.
  • Dikmen, Ü. (2013). Ekran fontlarının kullanilabilirliğe etkisi. İdil Sanat ve Dil Dergisi, 2(06), 306-324.
  • Dogusoy, B., et al. (2016). How serif and sans serif typefaces influence reading on screen: An eye tracking study. Design, User Experience, and Usability: Novel User Experiences: 5th International Conference, DUXU 2016, Held as Part of HCI International 2016, Toronto, Canada, July 17–22, 2016, Proceedings, Part II 5, 578-586, New York: Springer International Publishing.
  • Dursun, F. (2018). İndirilebilir mobil uygulamaların okunurluk ve okunabilirlik açısından incelenmesi: Ulusal gazeteler örneği İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi.
  • Dursun, F. (2023). Dijital kaynak tasarımlarının tipografik özellikleri ve dijital okuryazarlık. Erciyes Journal of Education, 7(2), 79-104.
  • Erlhoff, M. (2008). Design dictionary: Perspectives on design terminology. Basel- Boston-Berlin: Birkhäuser.
  • Garfield, S. (2012). Tam benim tipim. (çev.: S. Gürses), İstanbul: Domingo Yayıncılık.
  • Gasser, M., et al. R. (2005). The influence of font type on information recall. North American Journal of Psychology, 7(2), 181-188.
  • Hoffmeister, S. (2016). The impact of font type on reading. A Senior Thesis Submitted to the Eastern Michigan University Honors College.
  • Hojjati, N. - Muniandy, B. (2014). The effects of font type and spacing of text for online readability and performance. Contemporary Educational Technology, 5(2), 161-174.
  • Huang, L. S. (2008). Students’ preferences on the design of electronic teaching presentation and their learning style. Master of Education (Educational Technology) Thesis, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
  • İgit, A. (2022). Resimli kitaplarda tipografi kullanımı: Okunaklılık ve okunabilirlik üzerinden bir içerik analizi. Medeniyet Sanat Dergisi, 8(2), 187-206.
  • Josephson, S. (2008). Keeping your readers' eyes on the screen: An eye-tracking study comparing sans serif and serif typefaces. Visual Communication Quarterly, 15(1-2), 67-79.
  • Kaya, S. E. (2024). İşlevsellik, sanat ve iletişim entegrasyonu olarak tipografinin dili. Marmara Üniversitesi Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 15(1), 87-107.
  • Kamollimsakul, S. (2016). Web design guidelines for text presentation for older people: empirical evidence from Thailand and the UK. York: Doctoral Dissertation, University of York.
  • Karataş, Z. (2015). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştirma yöntemleri. Manevi Temelli Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 62-80.
  • Karim, NA. - Shukur Z. (2016). Proposed features of an online examination interface design and its optimal values. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 414-422.
  • Kelly, S. - Gregory, T. (2011). Typography in human-computer interaction. Iowa: Iowa State University.
  • Kesgin, R. (2021). Yazı okunabilirliğine etki eden faktörlerin incelenmesi. Akademik Sanat, 13, 79-93.
  • Lannon, J. M. (ed.). (2000). Chapter 15: designing pages and documents. Technical Communication, 304-322, New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
  • Ling, J. -Van Schaik, P. (2006). The influence of font type and line length on visual search and information retrieval in web pages. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 64(5), 395-404.).
  • Mackiewicz, J. (2006) Audience perceptions of fonts in projected powerpoint text slides. Conference: International Professional Communication Conference, IEEE, 68-76, Washington.
  • McCarthy, S. (2020). Digital typography at Stanford. She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, 6(4), 546-560.
  • Mohd Rezan, N. E. K. (2020). The important of typography in publication. Journal of Art and Design (REKA), 2, 32-34.
  • Moholy-Nagy, L. (2001). The new typography. Looking Closer 3, Classic Writings on Graphic Design, 20-22. Özmutlu, A. (2020). Grafik tasarımın yazı karakteri kullanım tercihlerinin incelenmesi. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(2), 287-301.
  • Peck, W. (2003). Great web typography. New York: Wiley Powell.
  • Pehlivan, Z. (2015). E-kitaplarda tipografik tasarım önerileri. Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 1(15), 91-101.
  • Poulton, E. C. (1965). Letter differentiation and rate of comprehension in reading. Journal of Applied Psychology, 49(5), 358-362.
  • Rajapakse, S. - Beneragama, C. (2014). Are the first year graduate Students equipped with the effective usage of powerPoint® for scientific appliances? 1-2, Conference: Global Conference on Contemporary Issues in EducationAt: Las Vegas, USA.
  • Rello, L., et al. (2016). The effect of font type on screen readability by people with dyslexia. ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS), 8(4), 1-33.
  • Rössler, P. (2022). New typography, the Bauhaus, and its impact on graphic design. Bauhaus Effects in Art, Architecture, and Design, 25-43, London: Routledge.
  • Sasidharan, S. - Dhanesh, G. (2008). Font personality and b2c e-commerce trust. AMCIS 2008 Proceedings, 215, USA: Americas Conference on Information Systems.
  • Sheedy, J. E., et al. (2005). Text legibility and the letter superiority effect. Human Factors, 47(4), 797-815.
  • Strizver, I. (2013). Type rules: The designer's guide to professional typography. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Toschi, C. (2020). Futurism and the birth of modern typography. International Yearbook of Futurism Studies, 200, Berlin: De Gruyter.
  • Uğur, E. (2019). Ulusal gazete manşetlerinin tipografik tasarım teknikleri açısından yorumlanması. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20, 147-168.
  • Ukonu, M. O., et al. (2021). Interactive effects of institutional requirements and screen vs. Print platforms on preference of Times New Roman and Calibri among university students. Cogent Education, 8(1), 1968779.
  • Upchurch, C. (2017). The effect of font type on memory for instruction. University of Mississippi Thesis, Oxford.
  • Van Leeuwen, T. (2005). Typographic meaning. Visual Communication, 4(2), 137-143.
  • Vecino, S., et al. (2022). How does serif vs sans serif typeface impact the usability of e-commerce websites?. PeerJ Computer Science, 8, e1139.
  • Whiteside, N., et al. (2022). Digital literacy programs in support of diverse communities – an Australian public library approach. Journal of the Australian Library and Information Association, 7 (4), 388-407.
  • Yazar, T. (2020). Sanat ve teknoloji ilişkisinde görsel iletişim aracı olarak tipografi ve eğitim sürecindeki uygulama yaklaşımları. Uluslararası Disiplinlerarası ve Kültürlerarası Sanat, 5(11), 255-269.
  • Yildiz, M. - Keş, Y. (2017). Yirmibirinci yüzyılın font tasarımlarında okunurluk üzerine çalışmalar. İdil Sanat ve Dil Dergisi, 6(38), 62-85.
  • Yücel, K. (2022). Öğrencilerin ders sunumlarında tercih ettikleri yazı tipleri. Izmir Democracy University Health Sciences Journal, 5(1), 113-137.
  • Zamzuri, A., et al. (2013). Reading on the computer screen: Does font type have effects on web text readability? International Education Studies, 6(3), 26-35.
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Screen and Digital Media (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gülhan Acar Büyükpehlivan 0000-0003-1584-5834

Early Pub Date December 25, 2024
Publication Date December 26, 2024
Submission Date August 1, 2024
Acceptance Date December 11, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 17 Issue: 48

Cite

APA Acar Büyükpehlivan, G. (2024). THE IMPORTANCE AND USE OF TYPOGRAPHY IN PRINT AND DIGITAL DESIGN. Motif Akademi Halkbilimi Dergisi, 17(48), 2406-2426. https://doi.org/10.12981/mahder.1526320