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SURİYE KRİZİ EKSENİNDE TÜRKİYE-AB İLİŞKİLERİ: GERİ KABUL ANLAŞMASI VE VİZE SERBESTİSİ

Year 2020, , 100 - 112, 27.11.2020
https://doi.org/10.20875/makusobed.745754

Abstract

Suriye'de 2011 yılında başlayan iç karışıklık, kitlesel nüfus hareketlerine yol açmıştır. Türkiye, kısa bir süre zarfında, hem ev sahibi ülke hem de bir transit ülke konumuna gelmiştir. Avrupa'ya geçişlerin yoğun bir şekilde yaşandığı 2015 yılı, Türkiye-AB ilişkileri açısından bir dönüm noktası oldu. 18 Mart 2016'da imzalanan Geri Kabul Anlaşması ile her iki taraf da göç krizinin çözüm ortağı oldular. Ancak Suriyelilerin sayısının artması ve savaşın uzaması nedeniyle, koşullar ve perspektifler yıllar içinde değişmeye başladı ve hem Avrupa içinde hem de Türkiye ile fikir ayrılıkları yaşanmasına neden oldu. Anlaşma yükümlülüklerinin Türkiye tarafından tam olarak yerine getirilmesine karşın, AB’nin taahhüdü olan vize serbestisinin hala gerçekleşmemiş olması ve 6 Milyar Avroluk Mali desteğin zamanında ve düzgün bir şekilde gönderilmesinde yaşanan eksiklikler; normal şartlarda kalıcı ve yük paylaşımı odaklı olması gereken insani bir meselenin finansal ve politik bir yaklaşımla ele alınmış olması gerçeğiyle birleşince, işbirliği paradigmasında eksen kaymasına yol açmıştır.

References

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  • Arısan Eralp, N. (2016). “Challenges of the German-led Refugee Deal between Turkey and the EU”. CESifo Forum. 17(2): 21-24.
  • Barnes-Dacey, J. and Levy D. (2015). “Syrian Diplomacy Renewed: From Vienna to Raqqa.” European Council on Foreign Relations. Policy Brief. pp.1-13.
  • BBC. (2016). “Paris Attacks: Who Were the Attackers?” https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34832512 (Accessed: 10.05.2020).
  • Çetin, K. (2015). “Mülteci Kriziyle Yüzleşen AB”. http://www.ankarastrateji.org/yorum/multeci-kriziyle-yuzlesen-ab/ (Accessed: 10.02.2020).
  • Demir, O. Ö. and Soyupek Y. (2015). Mülteci Krizi Denkleminde AB ve Türkiye: İlkeler, Çıkarlar ve Kaygılar. Ankara: Global Politika ve Strateji.
  • DGMM. (2019). İstatistikler - Güncel Veriler. Directorate General of Migration Management. Ministry of Interior, Turkey. https://www.goc.gov.tr/geri-alim (Accessed: 21.12.2019).
  • DGMM. (2020). Yıllara Göre Geçici Koruma Kapsamındaki Suriyeliler. Directorate General of Migration Management. Ministry of Interior, Turkey. https://www.goc.gov.tr/gecici-koruma5638 (Accessed: 22.05.2020).
  • DW. (2016). Avusturya Mülteci Akınına Karşı Harekete Geçti. Deutsche Welle. https://www.dw.com/tr/avusturya-mülteci-akınına-karşı-harekete-geçti/a-19069624 (Accessed: 22.12.019)
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  • EC. (2016a). EU-Turkey Statement, 18 March 2016. Press Releases. Council of the European Union. Brussels.
  • EC. (2016b). Seventh Report on Relocation and Resettlement. European Commission. Brussels, 9 November 2016 (COM): 720 final.
  • EC. (2016c). Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council. European Commission. Brussels, 4 May 2016 (COM):278 final.
  • Elmas, F. Y. (2016) Avrupa Birliği, Göç – Dış Politika İlişkisinde Paradigma Değişimi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Ankara: Ankara University.
  • Ercan, M. (2016). “Mülteci Krizi Bağlamında Türkiye-AB İlişkileri ve Geri Kabul Anlaşması.” Bölgesel Çalışmalar, 1(1): 1-22.
  • Erdoğan, M. M. (2017). Suriyeliler Barometresi: Suriyelilerle Uyum İçinde Yaşamanın Çerçevesi. İstanbul: Bilgi University Publications.
  • ERR News. (2015). Rõivas: Refugees will be resettled across Estonia. https://news.err.ee/116210/roivas-refugees-will-be-resettled-across-estonia (Accessed: 21.02.2020).
  • Euronews (2018). Türkiye İnsani Yardımda Dünya Lideri. https://tr.euronews.com/2018/06/21/turkiye-insani-yard-mda-zirvede (Accessed: 14.02.2020)
  • FRIT. (2017). First Annual Report on the Facility for Refugees in Turkey. COM(2017) 130 Final. Brussels. https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/170302_facility_for_refugees_in_turkey_first_annual_report.pdf (Accessed: 15.12.2019)
  • FRIT. (2018). Türkiye'deki Mülteciler için AB Mali Yardımı. https://www.avrupa.info.tr/sites/default/files/uploads/181004_facility_table_tr%20final.pdf (Accessed: 19.12.2019)
  • FRIT. (2020). EU Facility for Refugees in Turkey. https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/facility_table.pdf (Accessed: 20.05.2020)
  • Karakaş, D. (2016). “Mülteci Sorunu Çerçevesinde Avrupa Birliği-Türkiye İlişkileri”, ORMER Ortadoğu Enstitüsü Perspektif Serileri, 16:1-8.
  • Kutlay, M. and Akcalı Ö. (2015). “Mülteci Krizi ve Türkiye – AB İlişkilerinde Eksen Kayması Riski.” USAK. Avrupa Analizleri Serisi. No:1. Analysis No:29.
  • MFA. (2019). Türkiye-AB Arasında 18 Mart’ta Varılan Mutabakata İlişkin Soru-Cevaplar. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ab-arasinda-18-mart_ta-varilan-mutabakata-iliskin-soru-cevaplar.tr.mfa (Accessed: 22.12.2019).
  • Miles, T. and Depetris M. (2015). October’s Migrant, Refugee Flow to Europe Roughly Matched Whole of 2014. Reuters UK. November 2, 2015. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-un/octobers-migrant-refugee-flow-to-europe-roughly-matched-whole-of-2014-idUSKCN0SR15P20151102 (Accessed: 14.12.2019)
  • OECD. (2017). “Migration Policy Debates”. No:13, January 2017.
  • Özcan, M. (2017). “AB-Türkiye İlişkileri ve Suriye Krizi”, Center of Humane and Social Researh (İNSAMER), Research 40.
  • Özer, Y. (2017). “Mülteci Sorununun Türkiye-AB İlişkilerine Yansımaları.” Gülcan, Y., Akgüngör, S. and Kuştepeli Y. (Ed.), in Türkiye-AB İlişkilerinde Yeni Bir Konu: Mülteci Sorunu ve Türkiye-AB İşbirliği, 37-69, İstanbul: İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı Publications, Publication No:293.
  • Rettman, A. (2015). EU States Favour Christian Migrants from Middle East. https://euobserver.com/justice/129938 (Accessed: 20.01.2020).
  • Saatçioğlu, B. (2017). “AB’nin Mülteci Krizi: Normlar-Çıkarlar Dikotomisi Üzerinden AB’yi Yeniden Değerlendirmek.” Gülcan, Y., Akgüngör, S. and Kuştepeli Y. (Ed.), in Türkiye-AB İlişkilerinde Yeni Bir Konu: Mülteci Sorunu ve Türkiye-AB İşbirliği, 212-236, İstanbul: İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı Publications, Publication No:293.
  • Sputniknews (2018). Orban, Müslüman Sığınmacılar İçin İstilacı Dedi. https://tr.sputniknews.com/avrupa/201801091031731266-orban-musluman-siginmaci-istilaci-dedi/ (Accessed: 15.12.2019)
  • UNHCR. (2019). Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Turkey. United Nations High Commissionary for Refugees http://unhcr.org/tr/en/refugees-and-asylum-seekers-in-turkey (Accessed: 15.12.2019).
  • Werber, C. (2015). These European Countries Are Willing to Accept Some Migrants – But Only If They Are Christian. https://qz.com/490973/these-european-countries-are-willing-to-accept-some-syrian-migrants-but-only-if-theyre-christian/ (Accessed: 21.01.2020).
  • Zhelev, V. (20115). Migration Thratens Demographic Balance says Bulgarian PM. https://euobserver.com/beyond-brussels/128450. (Accessed: 21.01.2020).

TURKEY-EU RELATIONS IN CONTEXT OF SYRIAN CRISIS: READMISSION AGREEMENT AND VISA LIBERALIZATION

Year 2020, , 100 - 112, 27.11.2020
https://doi.org/10.20875/makusobed.745754

Abstract

Internal disorder in Syria, started in 2011, led to mass population movements. Turkey, soon, became both a host and a transit country for migrants. 2015, when transitions to Europe heavily intensified, was the year of revival in terms of Turkey-EU relations. With Readmission Agreement, signed on March 18, 2016, both sides became solution partners of the migration crisis. But by virtue of the increasing number of the Syrians and the prolonging war, conditions and the perspectives started to change in years and aroused divergence both within Europe and Turkey. Despite Turkey committed its obligations in full, EU still unrealized its commitment of visa liberalization and there happened many problems in allocating promised financial support in time and properly. Combined with these; handling a humanitarian issue in a financial and political approach, has led to a shift in cooperation paradigm which had normally been supposed to be permanent and burden-sharing centered.

References

  • AA. (2015). 20 Yıl Önce Srebrenitsa’da Gözlerimizi Kapattık. Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/20-yil-once-srebrenitsada-gozlerimizi-kapattik-180028.html (Accessed: 22.12.2019).
  • Akkaya, A. (2016). “Almanya’nın Zorunlu Tercihi: Mülteci Krizi Ekseninde Türk-Alman İlişkilerini Yeniden Düşünmek”. Regional Studies. 1(1): 23-49. Ammirati, A. (2015). What is the Dublin Regulation? Open Migration. https://www.openmigration.org/en/analyses/what-is-the-dublin-regulation/ (Accessed: 17.03.2020)
  • Arısan Eralp, N. (2016). “Challenges of the German-led Refugee Deal between Turkey and the EU”. CESifo Forum. 17(2): 21-24.
  • Barnes-Dacey, J. and Levy D. (2015). “Syrian Diplomacy Renewed: From Vienna to Raqqa.” European Council on Foreign Relations. Policy Brief. pp.1-13.
  • BBC. (2016). “Paris Attacks: Who Were the Attackers?” https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34832512 (Accessed: 10.05.2020).
  • Çetin, K. (2015). “Mülteci Kriziyle Yüzleşen AB”. http://www.ankarastrateji.org/yorum/multeci-kriziyle-yuzlesen-ab/ (Accessed: 10.02.2020).
  • Demir, O. Ö. and Soyupek Y. (2015). Mülteci Krizi Denkleminde AB ve Türkiye: İlkeler, Çıkarlar ve Kaygılar. Ankara: Global Politika ve Strateji.
  • DGMM. (2019). İstatistikler - Güncel Veriler. Directorate General of Migration Management. Ministry of Interior, Turkey. https://www.goc.gov.tr/geri-alim (Accessed: 21.12.2019).
  • DGMM. (2020). Yıllara Göre Geçici Koruma Kapsamındaki Suriyeliler. Directorate General of Migration Management. Ministry of Interior, Turkey. https://www.goc.gov.tr/gecici-koruma5638 (Accessed: 22.05.2020).
  • DW. (2016). Avusturya Mülteci Akınına Karşı Harekete Geçti. Deutsche Welle. https://www.dw.com/tr/avusturya-mülteci-akınına-karşı-harekete-geçti/a-19069624 (Accessed: 22.12.019)
  • EC. (2012). Explanatory Memorandum, COM/2012/0239 final - 2012/0122 (NLE) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2012:0239:FIN:EN:HTML Council of the European Union. Brussels. (Accessed: 22.05.2020).
  • EC. (2013). Roadmap Towards a Visa-Free Regime with Turkey. https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-is-new/news/news/docs/20131216-roadmap_towards_the_visa-free_regime_with_turkey_en.pdf (Accessed: 22.05.2020).
  • EC. (2015a). Meeting of Heads of State or Government with Turkey-EU-Turkey Statement, 29/11/2015. Press Releases. Council of the European Union. Brussels.
  • EC. (2015b). Joint Foreign and Home Affairs Council: Ten Point Action Plan on Migration. Press Release. Luxembourg.
  • EC. (2016a). EU-Turkey Statement, 18 March 2016. Press Releases. Council of the European Union. Brussels.
  • EC. (2016b). Seventh Report on Relocation and Resettlement. European Commission. Brussels, 9 November 2016 (COM): 720 final.
  • EC. (2016c). Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council. European Commission. Brussels, 4 May 2016 (COM):278 final.
  • Elmas, F. Y. (2016) Avrupa Birliği, Göç – Dış Politika İlişkisinde Paradigma Değişimi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Ankara: Ankara University.
  • Ercan, M. (2016). “Mülteci Krizi Bağlamında Türkiye-AB İlişkileri ve Geri Kabul Anlaşması.” Bölgesel Çalışmalar, 1(1): 1-22.
  • Erdoğan, M. M. (2017). Suriyeliler Barometresi: Suriyelilerle Uyum İçinde Yaşamanın Çerçevesi. İstanbul: Bilgi University Publications.
  • ERR News. (2015). Rõivas: Refugees will be resettled across Estonia. https://news.err.ee/116210/roivas-refugees-will-be-resettled-across-estonia (Accessed: 21.02.2020).
  • Euronews (2018). Türkiye İnsani Yardımda Dünya Lideri. https://tr.euronews.com/2018/06/21/turkiye-insani-yard-mda-zirvede (Accessed: 14.02.2020)
  • FRIT. (2017). First Annual Report on the Facility for Refugees in Turkey. COM(2017) 130 Final. Brussels. https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/170302_facility_for_refugees_in_turkey_first_annual_report.pdf (Accessed: 15.12.2019)
  • FRIT. (2018). Türkiye'deki Mülteciler için AB Mali Yardımı. https://www.avrupa.info.tr/sites/default/files/uploads/181004_facility_table_tr%20final.pdf (Accessed: 19.12.2019)
  • FRIT. (2020). EU Facility for Refugees in Turkey. https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/facility_table.pdf (Accessed: 20.05.2020)
  • Karakaş, D. (2016). “Mülteci Sorunu Çerçevesinde Avrupa Birliği-Türkiye İlişkileri”, ORMER Ortadoğu Enstitüsü Perspektif Serileri, 16:1-8.
  • Kutlay, M. and Akcalı Ö. (2015). “Mülteci Krizi ve Türkiye – AB İlişkilerinde Eksen Kayması Riski.” USAK. Avrupa Analizleri Serisi. No:1. Analysis No:29.
  • MFA. (2019). Türkiye-AB Arasında 18 Mart’ta Varılan Mutabakata İlişkin Soru-Cevaplar. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ab-arasinda-18-mart_ta-varilan-mutabakata-iliskin-soru-cevaplar.tr.mfa (Accessed: 22.12.2019).
  • Miles, T. and Depetris M. (2015). October’s Migrant, Refugee Flow to Europe Roughly Matched Whole of 2014. Reuters UK. November 2, 2015. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-un/octobers-migrant-refugee-flow-to-europe-roughly-matched-whole-of-2014-idUSKCN0SR15P20151102 (Accessed: 14.12.2019)
  • OECD. (2017). “Migration Policy Debates”. No:13, January 2017.
  • Özcan, M. (2017). “AB-Türkiye İlişkileri ve Suriye Krizi”, Center of Humane and Social Researh (İNSAMER), Research 40.
  • Özer, Y. (2017). “Mülteci Sorununun Türkiye-AB İlişkilerine Yansımaları.” Gülcan, Y., Akgüngör, S. and Kuştepeli Y. (Ed.), in Türkiye-AB İlişkilerinde Yeni Bir Konu: Mülteci Sorunu ve Türkiye-AB İşbirliği, 37-69, İstanbul: İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı Publications, Publication No:293.
  • Rettman, A. (2015). EU States Favour Christian Migrants from Middle East. https://euobserver.com/justice/129938 (Accessed: 20.01.2020).
  • Saatçioğlu, B. (2017). “AB’nin Mülteci Krizi: Normlar-Çıkarlar Dikotomisi Üzerinden AB’yi Yeniden Değerlendirmek.” Gülcan, Y., Akgüngör, S. and Kuştepeli Y. (Ed.), in Türkiye-AB İlişkilerinde Yeni Bir Konu: Mülteci Sorunu ve Türkiye-AB İşbirliği, 212-236, İstanbul: İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı Publications, Publication No:293.
  • Sputniknews (2018). Orban, Müslüman Sığınmacılar İçin İstilacı Dedi. https://tr.sputniknews.com/avrupa/201801091031731266-orban-musluman-siginmaci-istilaci-dedi/ (Accessed: 15.12.2019)
  • UNHCR. (2019). Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Turkey. United Nations High Commissionary for Refugees http://unhcr.org/tr/en/refugees-and-asylum-seekers-in-turkey (Accessed: 15.12.2019).
  • Werber, C. (2015). These European Countries Are Willing to Accept Some Migrants – But Only If They Are Christian. https://qz.com/490973/these-european-countries-are-willing-to-accept-some-syrian-migrants-but-only-if-theyre-christian/ (Accessed: 21.01.2020).
  • Zhelev, V. (20115). Migration Thratens Demographic Balance says Bulgarian PM. https://euobserver.com/beyond-brussels/128450. (Accessed: 21.01.2020).
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Zuhal Karakoç Dora 0000-0002-3954-2208

Publication Date November 27, 2020
Submission Date May 30, 2020
Acceptance Date June 6, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Karakoç Dora, Z. (2020). TURKEY-EU RELATIONS IN CONTEXT OF SYRIAN CRISIS: READMISSION AGREEMENT AND VISA LIBERALIZATION. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Social Sciences Institute(32), 100-112. https://doi.org/10.20875/makusobed.745754