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Rusya’nın 2022 Yılındaki Ukrayna İşgaline Karşı Büyük Güçlerin Tepkileri

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 741 - 753, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.1190505

Abstract

Sovyetler Birliği (SSCB) dağıldıktan sonra büyük güç statüsünü kaybeden Rusya 21. Yüzyılın ilk on yılında hızlı bir şekilde toparlanmayı başarmıştır. Asya’nın ve diğer dünya bölgelerinin hızla kalkınmaya devam etmesi, dünya güç dengelerini Batı ülkelerinin aleyhine değişimine sebep olmuştur. Rusya bu gidişatı fırsat olarak değerlendirmiş, Çin, İran gibi Batı karşıtı ülkelerle yakın ilişkiler geliştirerek tek kutuplu mevcut dünya düzeninden çok kutuplu yenidünya düzenine geçiş yapmaya önderlik ederek gelecekteki dünya siyasetinde etkili bir güç olmayı amaçlamıştır. Eski ihtişamını tekrar elde etmek maksadıyla ülke içinde milliyetçiliğin güçlenmesini teşvik etmiş, dünyada özellikle eski SSCB coğrafyasında etkinliğini pekiştirmek ve nüfuzunu korumak istemiştir. Bu sebeple Rusya 2008 Gürcistan işgali ve 2014 Kırım işgaliyle yetinmeyerek 2022 yılında geniş çaplı Ukrayna işgalini başlatmıştır. Böylece uluslararası hukuka dayalı mevcut dünya düzenine de meydan okumuştur. Rus işgaline karşı uluslararası toplumun özellikle büyük güçlerin tavırları birbirinden farklılıklar arz etmiştir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle Amerika ile Avrupa ülkeleri başta olmak üzere Batı demokratik devletlerin Rusya işgaline karşı sergilediği tavırlar ve bunun nedenleri ele alınmıştır. Daha sonra dünyanın en kalabalık komünist ülkesi ve yeniden yükselen güç Çin’in bu savaşta oynadığı rolü ve çıkarları değerlendirilmiştir. Akabinde Japonya, Hindistan gibi bölgesel büyük aktörlerin yaklaşımları incelenmiştir.

References

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  • THE HINDU (2022). “Neutrality and Abstention: On India’s Stand in the Russia-Ukraine Conflict”, The Hindu Corporate Web Page (E-Article), https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/neutrality-and-abstention-the-hindu-editorial-on-indias-stand-in-the-russia-ukraine-conflict/article65972267.ece (Erişim Tarihi: 03.10.2022).
  • THE WHITE HOUSE (2021), Renewing America’s Advantages: Interim National Security Strategic Guidance, The White House Publisher, Washington.
  • TORODE, Greg (2022), “Analysis: Ukraine Crisis Threatens China's Discreet Pipeline in Military Technology”, Reuters (E-Article), https://www.reuters.com/world/china/ukraine-crisis-threatens-chinas-discreet-pipeline-military-technology (Erişim Tarihi: 01.09.2022).
  • U.S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (2022), “Fact Sheet: 2022 National Defense Strategy”, U.S Department of Defense, 28 March 2022, S.1-2, https://media.defense.gov/2022/Mar/28/2002964702/-1/-1/1/NDS-FACT-SHEET.PDF (Erişim Tarihi: 01.09.2022).
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  • UNITED NATIONS (2022), “So-Called Referenda in Russian-Controlled Ukraine ‘Cannot Be Regarded as Legal’: UN Political Affairs Chief”, United Nations, 11 September 2022,
  • VERSTAPPEN, Stefan H. (2017), The Thirty-Six Strategies, Woodbridge Press, Toronto.
  • WISHNICK, Elizabeth (2022), “Still ‘No Limits’? The China-Russia Partnership After Samarkand”, Russianmatters, 22 September 2022, https://www.russiamatters.org/analysis/still-no-limits-china-russia-partnership-after-samarkand (Erişim Tarihi: 05.10.2022).

The Attitudes of the Great Powers against Russia's Invasion of Ukraine in 2022

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 741 - 753, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.1190505

Abstract

With the collapse of the Soviet Union (USSR), Russia lost its status as a great power and then rapidly began to recover in the first decade of the 21st century. The rapid development of Asia and other regions of the world has led to a change in the balance of power in the world to the detriment of Western countries. Russia saw this as an opportunity to become a powerful force in future world politics by leading the transition from the current unipolar world order to a multipolar new world order by developing close relations with anti-Western countries such as China and Iran. In order to regain its past glory, Russia encouraged the strengthening of nationalism within the country and wanted to consolidate and maintain its influence in the world, especially in the former USSR regions. For this reason, Russia was not satisfied with the 2008 Georgian invasion and 2014 Crimean annexation, and launched a large-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. This also challenged the current world order based on international law. The attitudes of the international community, especially the great powers, against the Russian occupation is differed from each other. In this study, we first examine the attitudes and reasons behind the Western democratic states, particularly the US and European countries, towards Russian occupation. Then we assess the role and interests of China, the world's most populous and largest communist state as well as a newly rising great power, in this war. Finally, we look at the approaches of major regional actors such as Japan and India.

References

  • AUSTRALIAN DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND TRADE (2018), “Australia and Ukraine”, DFAT Corporate Web Page, https://www.dfat.gov.au/sites/default/files/ukraine-country-brief.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 20.05.2022).
  • AUSTRALİAN GOVERNMENT DEFENSE (2022), “Australia Increases Support to Ukraine”, Defence Corporate Web Page, https://www.minister.defence.gov.au/media-releases/2022-07-04/australia-increases-support-ukraine (Erişim Tarihi: 08.07.2022).
  • BUREAU OF POLITICAL-MILITARY AFFAIRS (2022), “U.S. Security Cooperation with Ukraine”, US Department of State, 4 October 2022.
  • CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE (2022), “U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine”, Congressional Research Service, 29 August 2022, S.1-3.
  • DOU, Eva ve WU, Pei Lin (2022), “Ukraine Helped Build China’s Modern Military, But When War Came, Beijing Chose Russia”, Washington Post Corporate Web Page (E-Article), https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/03/09/china-ukraine-arms-history/ (Erişim Tarihi: 08.10.2022).
  • EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2022), “EU Solidarity with Ukraine: The EU Stands United with Ukraine”, European Commission Corporate Web Page, 6 October 2022.
  • EUROPEAN COUNCIL (2022), “EU Response to Russia's Invasion of Ukraine”, Consilium Corporate Web Page, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/eu-response-ukraine-invasion/ (Erişim Tarihi: 08.10.2022).
  • HOOK, Kristina (2022), “Why Russia’s War in Ukraine is a Genocide: Not Just a Land Grab, but a Bid to Expunge a Nation”, Foreignaffairs Corporate Web Page (E-Haber), https://www.foreignaffairs.com/ukraine/why-russias-war-ukraine-genocide (Erişim Tarihi: 01.10.2022).
  • LIN, Andy, REED, John ve SEDDON, Max (2022), “India and China Undercut Russia’s Oil Sanctions Pain”, Financial Times Corporate Web Page (E-Haber), 7 September 2022, https://www.ft.com/content/b38d3ab5-ea57-400e-87e9-f48eaf3e0510 (Erişim Tarihi: 12.09.2022).
  • RADIO FREE EUROPE (2022), “UN General Assembly Overwhelmingly Approves Resolution Demanding Protection of Civilians in Ukraine”, Rferl Corporate Web Page (E-Haber), https://www.rferl.org/a/united-nations-civilians-protection/31769041.html (Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2022).
  • RAHMAN, Mujtaba (2022), “EU Support for Ukraine, the Next Six Months”, Politico (E-Article), 22 August 2022.
  • SBS NEWS (2022), “Australians Should Prepare for Russia-Ukraine War to go on for Longer, Richard Marles Says”, SBS News Corporate Web Page (E-Haber), https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/australians-should-prepare-for-russia-ukraine-war-to-go-on-for-longer-richard-marles-says/ltgg8dwgo (Erişim Tarihi: 25.09.2022).
  • STRAITTIMES (2022), “Ukraine War Spurs Pacifist Japan to Consider Stronger Military”, The Straitstimes, 6 April 2022, https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/ukraine-war-spurs-pacifist-japan-to-consider-stronger-military (Erişim Tarihi: 25.09.2022).
  • THE GOVERNMENT OF JAPAN (2022), “Japan Stands with Ukraine”, The Government of Japan, 26 September 2022, S.1-4, https://japan.kantei.go.jp/ongoingtopics/pdf/jp_stands_with_ukraine_eng.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 25.09.2022).
  • THE HINDU (2022). “Neutrality and Abstention: On India’s Stand in the Russia-Ukraine Conflict”, The Hindu Corporate Web Page (E-Article), https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/neutrality-and-abstention-the-hindu-editorial-on-indias-stand-in-the-russia-ukraine-conflict/article65972267.ece (Erişim Tarihi: 03.10.2022).
  • THE WHITE HOUSE (2021), Renewing America’s Advantages: Interim National Security Strategic Guidance, The White House Publisher, Washington.
  • TORODE, Greg (2022), “Analysis: Ukraine Crisis Threatens China's Discreet Pipeline in Military Technology”, Reuters (E-Article), https://www.reuters.com/world/china/ukraine-crisis-threatens-chinas-discreet-pipeline-military-technology (Erişim Tarihi: 01.09.2022).
  • U.S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (2022), “Fact Sheet: 2022 National Defense Strategy”, U.S Department of Defense, 28 March 2022, S.1-2, https://media.defense.gov/2022/Mar/28/2002964702/-1/-1/1/NDS-FACT-SHEET.PDF (Erişim Tarihi: 01.09.2022).
  • UKRAINE CRISIS MEDIA CENTER (2022), “Japan’s Unprecedented Support for Ukraine”, Ukraine Crisis Media Center Corporate Web Page (E-Article), https://uacrisis.org/en/ukraine-in-flames-209 (Erişim Tarihi: 05.10.2022).
  • UNITED NATIONS (2022), “So-Called Referenda in Russian-Controlled Ukraine ‘Cannot Be Regarded as Legal’: UN Political Affairs Chief”, United Nations, 11 September 2022,
  • VERSTAPPEN, Stefan H. (2017), The Thirty-Six Strategies, Woodbridge Press, Toronto.
  • WISHNICK, Elizabeth (2022), “Still ‘No Limits’? The China-Russia Partnership After Samarkand”, Russianmatters, 22 September 2022, https://www.russiamatters.org/analysis/still-no-limits-china-russia-partnership-after-samarkand (Erişim Tarihi: 05.10.2022).
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmetali Kasım 0000-0002-2697-4650

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kasım, M. (2022). Rusya’nın 2022 Yılındaki Ukrayna İşgaline Karşı Büyük Güçlerin Tepkileri. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 5(3), 741-753. https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.1190505

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