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Zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) filled HDPE polymer composites: Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties

Year 2012, Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 93 - 104, 04.03.2013

Sezgin Ersoy , Münir Taşdemir

Abstract

Polymer nanocomposites represent a new alternative to conventionally filled polymers. Because of their nanometer sizes, filler dispersion nanocomposites exhibit markedly improved properties when compared to the pure polymers or their traditional composites. These include increased modulus and strength, outstanding barrier properties, improved solvent and heat resistance and decreased flammability. In this study, mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of the high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites filled with nano zinc oxide ZnO), magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2]and  calcium carbonate (CaCO3) were investigated. The structure and properties of the composites are characterized using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Furthermore, HDPE composites were subjected to examinations to obtain their tensile strengths, yield strengths, elasticity modulus, % elongation, Izod impact strength, hardness, wear strengths, heat deflection temperature (HDT),Vicat softening point and melt flow index (MFI).

Keywords

Magnesium hydroxide; calcium carbonate; zinc oxide; high density polyethylene; polymer composites

References

  • Sahebian, S., Zebarjad, S.M., Sajjadi, S.A., Sherafat, Z., Lazzeri, A. ‘Effect of Both Uncoated and Coated Calcium Carbonate on Fracture Toughness of HDPE/CaCO3 Nanocomposites’ J Appl Polym Sci , 104, 3688-3694 (2007).
  • Ammala,A., Hill, A.J., Meakin, P., Pas, S.J., Turney, T.W. ‘Degradation studies of polyolefins incorporating transparent nanoparticulate zinc oxide UV stabilizers’ J Nanopart Res, 4, 167-174 (2002).
  • Li, S.C., Li, Y.N. ‘Mechanical and antibacterial properties of modified nano-ZnO/high- density polyethylene composite films with a low doped content of nano-ZnO’ Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 116, 2965-2969 (2010).
  • Wang, Q., Chen, H., Liu, Y. ‘LDPE-g-MAH prepared through solid-phase mechanochemistry and its compatibilizing effects on HDPE/CaCO3 ‘Polym-plast Technol Eng, 2002, 41(2), 215-228 (2002).
  • Bartczak, Z., Argon, A.S., Cohen, R.E., Weinberg, M. ‘Toughness mechanism in semi- crystalline polymer blends: II. High-density polyethylene toughened with calcium carbonate filler particles’ Polymer, 40, 2347-2365 (1999).
  • Thio, Y.S., Argon, A.S., Cohen, R.E., Weinberg, M. ‘Toughening of isotatic polypropylene with CaCO3 particles’ Polymer, 43, 3661-3674 (2002)
  • Silva, A.L.N., Rocha, M.C.G., Moraes, M.A.R., Valente, C.A.R., Coutinho, F.M.B. ‘Mechanical and rheological properties of composites based on polyolefin and mineral additives’ Polym.Test., 21, 57-60 (2002).
  • Sun, S.S., Li, C.Z., Zhang, L., Du, H.L., Burnell-Gray, J.S. ‘Effects of surface modification of fumed silica on interfacial structures and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) composites’ Eur Polym J, 42, 1643-1652 (2006).
  • Lin, H.B., Cao, M.S., Zhao, Q.L., Shi, X.L., Wang, D.W., Wang, F.C. ‘Mechanical reinforcement and piezoelectric properties of nanocomposites embedded with ZnO nanowhiskers’ Scr Mater, 59, 780-783 (2008).
  • Zheng, J., Ozisika, R., Siegel, R.W. ‘Disruption of self-assembly and altered mechanical behaviorin polyurethane/zinc oxide nanocomposites’ Polymer, 46, 10873- (2005).
  • Zuiderduin, W. C., Westzaan, J.C., Hue´tink, J., Gaymans, R.J. ‘Toughening of polypropylene with calcium carbonate particles ‘ Polymer, 44, 261-275 (2003).
  • He, P., Gao, Y., Lian, J. ‘Surface modification and ultrasonication effect on the mechanical properties of carbon nanofiber/polycarbonate composites ‘ Compos. Part A, , 1270-1275 (2006).
  • Morales, E., White, J.R. ‘Residual stresses and molecular orientation in particulate- filled polypropylene ’ J Mater Sci, 23, 3612-3622 (1998).
  • Tjong, S.C., Li, R.K.Y., Cheung, T. ‘Mechanical behavior of CaCO3 particulate-filled b- crystalline phase polypropylene composites’ Polym Eng Sci, 37, 166-172 (1997).
  • Jingxin , L., Rong, Z. ‘Mechanical properties and interfacial interaction of CaCO3 filled HDPE compatibilized with HDPE functionalized by ultraviolet irradiation’ Polym Eng Sci, 40, 1529-1533 (2000).
  • Sahebiana, S.; Zebarjada, S. M.; Khakia, J. V.; Sajjadi, S. A. ‘The effect of nano-sized calcium carbonate on thermodynamic parameters of HDPE’J Mater Process Technol, , 1310-1317 (2009).
  • Zebarjad, S.M., Sajjadi, S.A. ‘On the strain rate sensitivity of HDPE/CaCO3 nanocomposites’ a ter Sci Eng A, 475, 365-367 (2008).
  • Elleithy, R.H., Ali, I., Ali, M.A., Al-Zahrani, S.M. ‘High density polyethylene/micro calcium carbonate composites: A study of the morphological, thermal, and viscoelastic properties’J. App. Poly. Sci., 117, 2413-2421 (2010).
  • Lazzeria, A. , Zebarjadb, S.M. , Pracellac, M., Cavalierd, K., Rosam, R. ‘Filler toughening of plastics. Part 1-The effect of surface interactions on physico-mechanical properties and rheological behaviour of ultrafine CaCO3/HDPE nanocomposites’ Polymer, 46, 827-844 (2005).
  • Sahebian, S.; Sherafat, Z.; Zebarjad, S. M.; Sajjadi, S. A. Presented at the 9th Annual Meeting of Iranian Society of Metallurgical Engineers, Shiraz, Iran, November 15–16, Zebarjad, S.M., Sajjadi, S.A. ‘On the strain rate sensitivity of HDPE/CaCO3 nanocomposites’ Mater Sci Eng A, 475, 365-367 (2008).
  • Zhao, H.X. , Li, R.K.Y. ‘A study on the photo-degradation of zinc oxide (ZnO) filled polypropylene nanocomposites’ Polymer , 47, 3207-3217 (2006).
  • Tjong, S.C., Liang, G.D., Bao, S.P. ‘Electrical Properties of Low-density Polyethylene/ZnO Nanocomposites: The Effect of Thermal Treatments’ J Appl Polym Sci, 102, 1436-1444 (2006).
  • Sawai, J.; Igarashi, H.; Hashimoto, A.; Kokugan, T.; Shimizu, M. ‘Evaluation of growth inhibitory effect of ceramics powder slurry on bacteria by conductance method’ J Chem Eng Jpn, 28, 288-293 (1995).
  • Sawai, J., Saito, I., Kanou, F., Igarashi, H., Hashimoto, Kokugan, A., T., Shimizu, M. ‘Mutagenicity test of ceramic powder which have growth inhibitory effect on bacteria’ J Chem Eng Jpn, 28, 352-354 (1995).
  • Lee, J., Bhattacharyya, D., Easteal, A.J., Metson J.B., ‘Properties of nano- ZnO/poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(ethylene oxide) composite thin films ’Curr Appl Phys, 8, 47 (2008).
  • Yang, R., Li, Y., Yu, J. ‘Photo-stabilization of linear low density polyethylene by inorganic nano-particles ’Polym Degrad Stab, 88, 168-174 (2005).
  • Li, J.H., Hong, R.Y. , Li, M.Y., Li, H.Z., Zheng, Y., Ding, J. ‘Effects of ZnO nanoparticles on the mechanical and antibacterial properties of polyurethane coatings ’ Prog Org Coat , 64, 504-509 (2009).
  • Zhang, Q., Tian, M., Wu Y., Lin, G., Zhang, L. ‘Effect of Particle Size on the Properties of Mg (OH) 2-Filled Rubber Composites’ J App Pol Sci, 94, 2341-2346 (2004).
  • Mishra, S., Sonawane, S.H., Singh, R.P., Bendale, A., Patil, K. ‘Effect of nano- Mg(OH)2on the mechanical and flame-retarding properties of polypropylene composites’ J Appl Poly Sci, 94,116-122 (2004).
  • Patil, C.B., Kapadi, U.R., Hundiwale, D.G. , Mahulikar, P.P. ‘Effect of Nano– Magnesium Hydroxide on Mechanical and Flame-Retarding Properties of SBR and PBR: A Comparative Study ’ Poly Plast Tech and Eng, 47,1174-1178 (2008).
  • Sheng, P.L., Ying, J.R., Zhou, X.P., Xie, X.L., Mai, Y.W. ‘Dispersion, thermal and mechanical properties of polypropylene/magnesium hydroxide nanocomposites compatibilized by SEBS-g-MA’ Comp Sci and Tech, 69, 1873-1879 (2009).

Zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) filled HDPE polymer composites: Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties

Year 2012, Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 93 - 104, 04.03.2013

Sezgin Ersoy , Münir Taşdemir

Abstract

Polymer nanocomposites represent a new alternative to conventionally filled polymers. Because of their nanometer sizes, filler dispersion nanocomposites exhibit markedly improved properties when compared to the pure polymers or their traditional composites. These include increased modulus and strength, outstanding barrier properties, improved solvent and heat resistance and decreased flammability. In this study, mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of the high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites filled with nano zinc oxide ZnO), magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2]and  calcium carbonate (CaCO3) were investigated. The structure and properties of the composites are characterized using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Furthermore, HDPE composites were subjected to examinations to obtain their tensile strengths, yield strengths, elasticity modulus, % elongation, Izod impact strength, hardness, wear strengths, heat deflection temperature (HDT),Vicat softening point and melt flow index (MFI).

Keywords

Magnesium hydroxide; calcium carbonate; zinc oxide; high density polyethylene; polymer composites

References

  • Sahebian, S., Zebarjad, S.M., Sajjadi, S.A., Sherafat, Z., Lazzeri, A. ‘Effect of Both Uncoated and Coated Calcium Carbonate on Fracture Toughness of HDPE/CaCO3 Nanocomposites’ J Appl Polym Sci , 104, 3688-3694 (2007).
  • Ammala,A., Hill, A.J., Meakin, P., Pas, S.J., Turney, T.W. ‘Degradation studies of polyolefins incorporating transparent nanoparticulate zinc oxide UV stabilizers’ J Nanopart Res, 4, 167-174 (2002).
  • Li, S.C., Li, Y.N. ‘Mechanical and antibacterial properties of modified nano-ZnO/high- density polyethylene composite films with a low doped content of nano-ZnO’ Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 116, 2965-2969 (2010).
  • Wang, Q., Chen, H., Liu, Y. ‘LDPE-g-MAH prepared through solid-phase mechanochemistry and its compatibilizing effects on HDPE/CaCO3 ‘Polym-plast Technol Eng, 2002, 41(2), 215-228 (2002).
  • Bartczak, Z., Argon, A.S., Cohen, R.E., Weinberg, M. ‘Toughness mechanism in semi- crystalline polymer blends: II. High-density polyethylene toughened with calcium carbonate filler particles’ Polymer, 40, 2347-2365 (1999).
  • Thio, Y.S., Argon, A.S., Cohen, R.E., Weinberg, M. ‘Toughening of isotatic polypropylene with CaCO3 particles’ Polymer, 43, 3661-3674 (2002)
  • Silva, A.L.N., Rocha, M.C.G., Moraes, M.A.R., Valente, C.A.R., Coutinho, F.M.B. ‘Mechanical and rheological properties of composites based on polyolefin and mineral additives’ Polym.Test., 21, 57-60 (2002).
  • Sun, S.S., Li, C.Z., Zhang, L., Du, H.L., Burnell-Gray, J.S. ‘Effects of surface modification of fumed silica on interfacial structures and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) composites’ Eur Polym J, 42, 1643-1652 (2006).
  • Lin, H.B., Cao, M.S., Zhao, Q.L., Shi, X.L., Wang, D.W., Wang, F.C. ‘Mechanical reinforcement and piezoelectric properties of nanocomposites embedded with ZnO nanowhiskers’ Scr Mater, 59, 780-783 (2008).
  • Zheng, J., Ozisika, R., Siegel, R.W. ‘Disruption of self-assembly and altered mechanical behaviorin polyurethane/zinc oxide nanocomposites’ Polymer, 46, 10873- (2005).
  • Zuiderduin, W. C., Westzaan, J.C., Hue´tink, J., Gaymans, R.J. ‘Toughening of polypropylene with calcium carbonate particles ‘ Polymer, 44, 261-275 (2003).
  • He, P., Gao, Y., Lian, J. ‘Surface modification and ultrasonication effect on the mechanical properties of carbon nanofiber/polycarbonate composites ‘ Compos. Part A, , 1270-1275 (2006).
  • Morales, E., White, J.R. ‘Residual stresses and molecular orientation in particulate- filled polypropylene ’ J Mater Sci, 23, 3612-3622 (1998).
  • Tjong, S.C., Li, R.K.Y., Cheung, T. ‘Mechanical behavior of CaCO3 particulate-filled b- crystalline phase polypropylene composites’ Polym Eng Sci, 37, 166-172 (1997).
  • Jingxin , L., Rong, Z. ‘Mechanical properties and interfacial interaction of CaCO3 filled HDPE compatibilized with HDPE functionalized by ultraviolet irradiation’ Polym Eng Sci, 40, 1529-1533 (2000).
  • Sahebiana, S.; Zebarjada, S. M.; Khakia, J. V.; Sajjadi, S. A. ‘The effect of nano-sized calcium carbonate on thermodynamic parameters of HDPE’J Mater Process Technol, , 1310-1317 (2009).
  • Zebarjad, S.M., Sajjadi, S.A. ‘On the strain rate sensitivity of HDPE/CaCO3 nanocomposites’ a ter Sci Eng A, 475, 365-367 (2008).
  • Elleithy, R.H., Ali, I., Ali, M.A., Al-Zahrani, S.M. ‘High density polyethylene/micro calcium carbonate composites: A study of the morphological, thermal, and viscoelastic properties’J. App. Poly. Sci., 117, 2413-2421 (2010).
  • Lazzeria, A. , Zebarjadb, S.M. , Pracellac, M., Cavalierd, K., Rosam, R. ‘Filler toughening of plastics. Part 1-The effect of surface interactions on physico-mechanical properties and rheological behaviour of ultrafine CaCO3/HDPE nanocomposites’ Polymer, 46, 827-844 (2005).
  • Sahebian, S.; Sherafat, Z.; Zebarjad, S. M.; Sajjadi, S. A. Presented at the 9th Annual Meeting of Iranian Society of Metallurgical Engineers, Shiraz, Iran, November 15–16, Zebarjad, S.M., Sajjadi, S.A. ‘On the strain rate sensitivity of HDPE/CaCO3 nanocomposites’ Mater Sci Eng A, 475, 365-367 (2008).
  • Zhao, H.X. , Li, R.K.Y. ‘A study on the photo-degradation of zinc oxide (ZnO) filled polypropylene nanocomposites’ Polymer , 47, 3207-3217 (2006).
  • Tjong, S.C., Liang, G.D., Bao, S.P. ‘Electrical Properties of Low-density Polyethylene/ZnO Nanocomposites: The Effect of Thermal Treatments’ J Appl Polym Sci, 102, 1436-1444 (2006).
  • Sawai, J.; Igarashi, H.; Hashimoto, A.; Kokugan, T.; Shimizu, M. ‘Evaluation of growth inhibitory effect of ceramics powder slurry on bacteria by conductance method’ J Chem Eng Jpn, 28, 288-293 (1995).
  • Sawai, J., Saito, I., Kanou, F., Igarashi, H., Hashimoto, Kokugan, A., T., Shimizu, M. ‘Mutagenicity test of ceramic powder which have growth inhibitory effect on bacteria’ J Chem Eng Jpn, 28, 352-354 (1995).
  • Lee, J., Bhattacharyya, D., Easteal, A.J., Metson J.B., ‘Properties of nano- ZnO/poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(ethylene oxide) composite thin films ’Curr Appl Phys, 8, 47 (2008).
  • Yang, R., Li, Y., Yu, J. ‘Photo-stabilization of linear low density polyethylene by inorganic nano-particles ’Polym Degrad Stab, 88, 168-174 (2005).
  • Li, J.H., Hong, R.Y. , Li, M.Y., Li, H.Z., Zheng, Y., Ding, J. ‘Effects of ZnO nanoparticles on the mechanical and antibacterial properties of polyurethane coatings ’ Prog Org Coat , 64, 504-509 (2009).
  • Zhang, Q., Tian, M., Wu Y., Lin, G., Zhang, L. ‘Effect of Particle Size on the Properties of Mg (OH) 2-Filled Rubber Composites’ J App Pol Sci, 94, 2341-2346 (2004).
  • Mishra, S., Sonawane, S.H., Singh, R.P., Bendale, A., Patil, K. ‘Effect of nano- Mg(OH)2on the mechanical and flame-retarding properties of polypropylene composites’ J Appl Poly Sci, 94,116-122 (2004).
  • Patil, C.B., Kapadi, U.R., Hundiwale, D.G. , Mahulikar, P.P. ‘Effect of Nano– Magnesium Hydroxide on Mechanical and Flame-Retarding Properties of SBR and PBR: A Comparative Study ’ Poly Plast Tech and Eng, 47,1174-1178 (2008).
  • Sheng, P.L., Ying, J.R., Zhou, X.P., Xie, X.L., Mai, Y.W. ‘Dispersion, thermal and mechanical properties of polypropylene/magnesium hydroxide nanocomposites compatibilized by SEBS-g-MA’ Comp Sci and Tech, 69, 1873-1879 (2009).
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Sezgin Ersoy

Münir Taşdemir

Publication Date March 4, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 24 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Ersoy, S., & Taşdemir, M. (2013). Zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) filled HDPE polymer composites: Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties. Marmara Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(4), 93-104. https://doi.org/10.7240/mufbed.v24i4.319
AMA Ersoy S, Taşdemir M. Zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) filled HDPE polymer composites: Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties. MFBD. March 2013;24(4):93-104. doi:10.7240/mufbed.v24i4.319
Chicago Ersoy, Sezgin, and Münir Taşdemir. “Zinc Oxide (ZnO), Magnesium Hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) Filled HDPE Polymer Composites: Mechanical, Thermal and Morphological Properties”. Marmara Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 24, no. 4 (March 2013): 93-104. https://doi.org/10.7240/mufbed.v24i4.319.
EndNote Ersoy S, Taşdemir M (March 1, 2013) Zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) filled HDPE polymer composites: Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties. Marmara Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 24 4 93–104.
IEEE S. Ersoy and M. Taşdemir, “Zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) filled HDPE polymer composites: Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties”, MFBD, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 93–104, 2013, doi: 10.7240/mufbed.v24i4.319.
ISNAD Ersoy, Sezgin - Taşdemir, Münir. “Zinc Oxide (ZnO), Magnesium Hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) Filled HDPE Polymer Composites: Mechanical, Thermal and Morphological Properties”. Marmara Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 24/4 (March 2013), 93-104. https://doi.org/10.7240/mufbed.v24i4.319.
JAMA Ersoy S, Taşdemir M. Zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) filled HDPE polymer composites: Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties. MFBD. 2013;24:93–104.
MLA Ersoy, Sezgin and Münir Taşdemir. “Zinc Oxide (ZnO), Magnesium Hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) Filled HDPE Polymer Composites: Mechanical, Thermal and Morphological Properties”. Marmara Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 4, 2013, pp. 93-104, doi:10.7240/mufbed.v24i4.319.
Vancouver Ersoy S, Taşdemir M. Zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) filled HDPE polymer composites: Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties. MFBD. 2013;24(4):93-104.

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