The use of virtual patients in medical education

Özlem Mıdık; Mehtap Kartal

doi:10.5472/MMJoa.2802.02

The use of virtual patients in medical education

Year 2015, Volume: 28 Issue: 2, 63 - 69, 14.09.2015

Özlem Mıdık Mehtap Kartal

https://doi.org/10.5472/MMJoa.2802.02

Cited By: 7

Abstract

The use of simulations in medical education depends on the interest of the academic institutions and the educators, on technological developments, on infrastructure, on the resources of the medical faculties and on the integration into medical curricula. Virtual patient simulations involving high-techology, emerge as one of today’s most popular topics in medical education.

In this review, a simulation, ”virtual patient’’, is studied under the main headings concerning its description, essential features, its use and its future in medical education. Keywords: Virtual patient, Virtual systems, Medical education, Computer based cases

Simülasyon uygulamalarının kullanımı, kurumun ve eğiticilerin ilgisine, teknolojinin gelişimine, fakültelerin alt yapı ve olanaklarına ve programın müfredata entegrasyonuna bağlı olarak gelişir. İleri teknoloji içeren sanal hasta simülasyonları ise günümüzün en popüler konularından biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.

Bu derlemede bir simülasyon tipi olan ‘sanal hasta’ tanımı, temel özellikleri, tıp eğitiminde kullanımı ve geleceği irdelenecektir.

Anahtar kelimeler: Sanal hasta, Sanal sistemler, Tıp eğitimi, Bilgisayar tabanlı vakalar

Keywords

Virtual patient, Virtual systems, Medical education, Computer based cases

References

1. Sayek I, Kiper N, Odabasi O. Mezuniyet Öncesi Tıp Eğitimi Raporu 2008. Ankara: Türk Tabipleri Birliği Yayınları, 2008.
2. Doğan MP. Feyerabend ve çoğulculuk. İlim Dünyası 2012; 4: 16-26.
3. Sönmez V. Gelecekteki olası Eğitim Sistemleri. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık, 2008.
4. Cook DA, Triola MM. Virtual patients: a critical literature review and proposed next steps. Med Educ 2009; 43: 303-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03286.x.
5. Poulton T, Balasubramaniam C. Virtual patients: A year of change. Med Teach 2011; 33: 933-7. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2011.613501.
6. Ellaway RH, Davies D. Design for learning: deconstructing virtual patient activities. Med Teach 2011;33: 303-10. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2011.550969.
7. Huwendiek S, Reichert F, Bosse HM, et al. Design principles for virtual patients: A focus group study among students. Med Educ 2009: 43: 580-8.doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03369.x.
8. Huang G, Reynolds R, Candler C. Virtual patient simulation at U.S. and Canadian medical schools. Acad Med 2007; 82;446- 51.
9. Bateman J, Allen M, Samani D, Kidd J, Davies D. Virtual patient design: exploring what works and why. A grounded theory study. Med Educ 2013; 47: 595-606. doi: 10.1111/ medu.12151.
10. Dewhurst D, Borgstein E, Grant M, Begg M. Online virtual patients- A driver for change in medical and healthcare Professional education in devoloping countries. Med Teach 2009; 31: 721-4.
11. Wood E, Tso S. The virtual continuity in learning programme: results. Clin Teach 2012; 9:216-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1743- 498X.2012.00551.x.
12. McEvoy MM, Butler B, MacCarrick G, Nicholson AJ. Virtual patients: an effective educational intervention to improve paediatric basic specialist trainee education in the management of suspected child abuse? Ir Med J 2011; 104:250-2.
13. Gunning WT, Fors UG. Virtual patients for assessment of medical student ability to integrate clinical and laboratory data to develop differential diagnoses: comparison of results of exams with/without time constraints. Med Teach 2012;34:222- 8. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2012.642830.
14. Hooper CR, Jivram T, Law S, Michell A, Somasunderam A. Using virtual patients to teach medical ethics, medical law and medical professionalism. Med Teach 2012; 34:674-5. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2012.689450.
15. Gormley GJ, McGlade, K, Thomson C, McGıll M, Sun JA. Virtual surgery in general practice: Evaluation of a novel undergraduate virtual patient learning package. Med Teach 2011; 33: 522-7. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2011.599889.
16. Norman G. Research in clinical reasoning: past history and current trends. Med Educ 2005; 39:418-27.
17. Lane JL, Slavin S, Ziv A. Simulation in medical education: A review. Simul Gaming 2001;32: 297–314.
18. Kononowicz AA, Krawczyk P, Cebula G, et al. Effects of introducing a voluntary virtual patient module to a basic life support with an automated external defibrillator course: a randomised trial. BMC Med Educ 2012; 12:41.doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-12-41.
19. Deladisma AM, Johnsen K, Raij A, et al. Medical student satisfaction using a virtual patient system to learn historytaking communication skills. Stud Health Technol Inform 2008; 132:101-5.
20. Huwendiek S, De Leng BA, Zary N, Fischer MR, Ruiz JG, Ellaway R. Towards a typology of virtual patients. Med Teach 2009; 31: 743-8.
21. Bowen JL. Educational strategies to promote clinical diagnostic reasoning. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 2217-25.
22. Nendaz MR, Bordage G. Promoting diagnostic problem representation. Med Educ 2002; 36: 760-6.
23. Bordage G. Why did I miss the diagnosis? Some cognitive explanations and educational implications. Acad Med 1999; 74: 138-43.
24. eViP Electronic virtual patients. http://www.virtualpatients. eu. Access on 27.10.2014
25. CASUS Online. http://www.casus.net. Access on 07.11.2014
26. CAMPUS Online. http://www.campusvirtualpatients.com Access on 07.11.2014
27. OpenLabyrint. http://sourceforge.net/projects/openlabyrinth/ Access on 07.11.2014
28. Web-SP. http://www.web-sp.org/. Access on 07.11.2014
29. Benedict N. Virtual patients and problem-based learning in advanced therapeutics.Am J Pharm Educ 2010;74:143.
30. Conradi E, Kavia S, Burden D, et al. Virtual patients in a virtual world: Training paramedic students for practice. Med Teach 2009;31:713-20.
31. Cook DA, Erwin PJ, Triola MM. Computerized virtual patients ın health professions education: A systematic review and meta analysis. Acad Med 2010; 85: 1589-602. doi: 10.1097/ ACM.0b013e3181edfe13
32. Bearman M. Is virtual the same as real? Medical students’ experiences of a virtual patient. Acad Med 2003;78: 538-45.
33. Kleinert HL, Fisher SB, Sanders CL, Boyd S. Improving physician assistant students’ competencies in developmental disabilities using virtual patient modules. J Physician Assistant Educ 2007; 18:33-40.
34. Triola M, Feldman H, Kalet AL, et al. A randomized trial of teaching clinical skills using virtual and live standardized patients. J Gen Intern Med 2006; 21:424-9.
35. Sanders CL, Kleinert HL, Free T, Slusher I, Clevenger K, Johnson S, Boyd SE.Caring for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities: virtualpatient instruction improves students’ knowledge and comfort level. J Pediatr Nurs 2007;22:457-66.
36. Botezatu M, Hult H, Fors UG. Virtual patient simulation: what do students make of it? A focus group study. BMC Med Educ 2010; 10: 91. doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-10-91
37. Bearman, M, Cesnik B, Liddell M. Random comparison of ‘virtual patient’models in the context of teaching clinical communication skills. Med Educ 2001; 35: 824-32.
38. Jäger F, Riemer M, Abendroth M, Sehner S, Harendza S. Virtual patients: the influence of case design and teamwork on students’ perception and knowledge – a pilot study. BMC Med Educ 2014;14: 137. doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-14-137
39. Bloice MD, Simonic KM, Holzinger A. On the usage of health records for the design of Virtual Patients: a systematic review. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2013;13: 103. doi: 10.1186/1472-6947-13-103.
40. Hege I, Ropp V, Adler M, et al. Experiences with different integration strategies of case based e-learning. Med Teach 2007; 29: 791-7. doi: 10.1080/01421590701589193
41. Berman N, Fall LH, Smith S, et al. Integration strategies for using virtual patients in clinical clerkships. Acad Med 2009; 84:942-9. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181a8c668.
42. Edelbring S, Dastmalchi M, Hult H, Lundberg IE, Dahlgren LO. Experiencing virtual patients in clinical learning: a phenomenological study. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2011;16:331-45. doi: 10.1007/s10459-010-9265-0
43. Kühne-Eversmann L, Eversmann T, Fischer MR. Teamand case-based learning to activate participants and enhance knowledge: An evaluation of seminars in Germany. J Contin Educ Health Prof 2008; 28: 165-71. doi: 10.1002/chp.175

Tıp Eğitiminde sanal hasta kullanımı

Year 2015, Volume: 28 Issue: 2, 63 - 69, 14.09.2015

Özlem Mıdık Mehtap Kartal

https://doi.org/10.5472/MMJoa.2802.02

Cited By: 7

Abstract

Simülasyon uygulamalarının kullanımı, kurumun ve eğiticilerin ilgisine, teknolojinin gelişimine, fakültelerin alt yapı ve olanaklarına ve programın müfredata entegrasyonuna bağlı olarak gelişir. İleri teknoloji içeren sanal hasta simülasyonları ise günümüzün en popüler konularından biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu derlemede bir simülasyon tipi olan ‘sanal hasta’ tanımı, temel özellikleri, tıp eğitiminde kullanımı ve geleceği irdelenecektir

Keywords

Sanal hasta, Sanal sistemler, Tıp eğitimi, Bilgisayar tabanlı vakalar

References

1. Sayek I, Kiper N, Odabasi O. Mezuniyet Öncesi Tıp Eğitimi Raporu 2008. Ankara: Türk Tabipleri Birliği Yayınları, 2008.
2. Doğan MP. Feyerabend ve çoğulculuk. İlim Dünyası 2012; 4: 16-26.
3. Sönmez V. Gelecekteki olası Eğitim Sistemleri. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık, 2008.
4. Cook DA, Triola MM. Virtual patients: a critical literature review and proposed next steps. Med Educ 2009; 43: 303-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03286.x.
5. Poulton T, Balasubramaniam C. Virtual patients: A year of change. Med Teach 2011; 33: 933-7. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2011.613501.
6. Ellaway RH, Davies D. Design for learning: deconstructing virtual patient activities. Med Teach 2011;33: 303-10. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2011.550969.
7. Huwendiek S, Reichert F, Bosse HM, et al. Design principles for virtual patients: A focus group study among students. Med Educ 2009: 43: 580-8.doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03369.x.
8. Huang G, Reynolds R, Candler C. Virtual patient simulation at U.S. and Canadian medical schools. Acad Med 2007; 82;446- 51.
9. Bateman J, Allen M, Samani D, Kidd J, Davies D. Virtual patient design: exploring what works and why. A grounded theory study. Med Educ 2013; 47: 595-606. doi: 10.1111/ medu.12151.
10. Dewhurst D, Borgstein E, Grant M, Begg M. Online virtual patients- A driver for change in medical and healthcare Professional education in devoloping countries. Med Teach 2009; 31: 721-4.
11. Wood E, Tso S. The virtual continuity in learning programme: results. Clin Teach 2012; 9:216-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1743- 498X.2012.00551.x.
12. McEvoy MM, Butler B, MacCarrick G, Nicholson AJ. Virtual patients: an effective educational intervention to improve paediatric basic specialist trainee education in the management of suspected child abuse? Ir Med J 2011; 104:250-2.
13. Gunning WT, Fors UG. Virtual patients for assessment of medical student ability to integrate clinical and laboratory data to develop differential diagnoses: comparison of results of exams with/without time constraints. Med Teach 2012;34:222- 8. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2012.642830.
14. Hooper CR, Jivram T, Law S, Michell A, Somasunderam A. Using virtual patients to teach medical ethics, medical law and medical professionalism. Med Teach 2012; 34:674-5. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2012.689450.
15. Gormley GJ, McGlade, K, Thomson C, McGıll M, Sun JA. Virtual surgery in general practice: Evaluation of a novel undergraduate virtual patient learning package. Med Teach 2011; 33: 522-7. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2011.599889.
16. Norman G. Research in clinical reasoning: past history and current trends. Med Educ 2005; 39:418-27.
17. Lane JL, Slavin S, Ziv A. Simulation in medical education: A review. Simul Gaming 2001;32: 297–314.
18. Kononowicz AA, Krawczyk P, Cebula G, et al. Effects of introducing a voluntary virtual patient module to a basic life support with an automated external defibrillator course: a randomised trial. BMC Med Educ 2012; 12:41.doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-12-41.
19. Deladisma AM, Johnsen K, Raij A, et al. Medical student satisfaction using a virtual patient system to learn historytaking communication skills. Stud Health Technol Inform 2008; 132:101-5.
20. Huwendiek S, De Leng BA, Zary N, Fischer MR, Ruiz JG, Ellaway R. Towards a typology of virtual patients. Med Teach 2009; 31: 743-8.
21. Bowen JL. Educational strategies to promote clinical diagnostic reasoning. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 2217-25.
22. Nendaz MR, Bordage G. Promoting diagnostic problem representation. Med Educ 2002; 36: 760-6.
23. Bordage G. Why did I miss the diagnosis? Some cognitive explanations and educational implications. Acad Med 1999; 74: 138-43.
24. eViP Electronic virtual patients. http://www.virtualpatients. eu. Access on 27.10.2014
25. CASUS Online. http://www.casus.net. Access on 07.11.2014
26. CAMPUS Online. http://www.campusvirtualpatients.com Access on 07.11.2014
27. OpenLabyrint. http://sourceforge.net/projects/openlabyrinth/ Access on 07.11.2014
28. Web-SP. http://www.web-sp.org/. Access on 07.11.2014
29. Benedict N. Virtual patients and problem-based learning in advanced therapeutics.Am J Pharm Educ 2010;74:143.
30. Conradi E, Kavia S, Burden D, et al. Virtual patients in a virtual world: Training paramedic students for practice. Med Teach 2009;31:713-20.
31. Cook DA, Erwin PJ, Triola MM. Computerized virtual patients ın health professions education: A systematic review and meta analysis. Acad Med 2010; 85: 1589-602. doi: 10.1097/ ACM.0b013e3181edfe13
32. Bearman M. Is virtual the same as real? Medical students’ experiences of a virtual patient. Acad Med 2003;78: 538-45.
33. Kleinert HL, Fisher SB, Sanders CL, Boyd S. Improving physician assistant students’ competencies in developmental disabilities using virtual patient modules. J Physician Assistant Educ 2007; 18:33-40.
34. Triola M, Feldman H, Kalet AL, et al. A randomized trial of teaching clinical skills using virtual and live standardized patients. J Gen Intern Med 2006; 21:424-9.
35. Sanders CL, Kleinert HL, Free T, Slusher I, Clevenger K, Johnson S, Boyd SE.Caring for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities: virtualpatient instruction improves students’ knowledge and comfort level. J Pediatr Nurs 2007;22:457-66.
36. Botezatu M, Hult H, Fors UG. Virtual patient simulation: what do students make of it? A focus group study. BMC Med Educ 2010; 10: 91. doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-10-91
37. Bearman, M, Cesnik B, Liddell M. Random comparison of ‘virtual patient’models in the context of teaching clinical communication skills. Med Educ 2001; 35: 824-32.
38. Jäger F, Riemer M, Abendroth M, Sehner S, Harendza S. Virtual patients: the influence of case design and teamwork on students’ perception and knowledge – a pilot study. BMC Med Educ 2014;14: 137. doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-14-137
39. Bloice MD, Simonic KM, Holzinger A. On the usage of health records for the design of Virtual Patients: a systematic review. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2013;13: 103. doi: 10.1186/1472-6947-13-103.
40. Hege I, Ropp V, Adler M, et al. Experiences with different integration strategies of case based e-learning. Med Teach 2007; 29: 791-7. doi: 10.1080/01421590701589193
41. Berman N, Fall LH, Smith S, et al. Integration strategies for using virtual patients in clinical clerkships. Acad Med 2009; 84:942-9. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181a8c668.
42. Edelbring S, Dastmalchi M, Hult H, Lundberg IE, Dahlgren LO. Experiencing virtual patients in clinical learning: a phenomenological study. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2011;16:331-45. doi: 10.1007/s10459-010-9265-0
43. Kühne-Eversmann L, Eversmann T, Fischer MR. Teamand case-based learning to activate participants and enhance knowledge: An evaluation of seminars in Germany. J Contin Educ Health Prof 2008; 28: 165-71. doi: 10.1002/chp.175

There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Journal Section	Derleme
Authors	Özlem Mıdık Mehtap Kartal This is me
Publication Date	September 14, 2015
Published in Issue	Year 2015 Volume: 28 Issue: 2

Cite

APA	Mıdık, Ö., & Kartal, M. (2015). The use of virtual patients in medical education. Marmara Medical Journal, 28(2), 63-69. https://doi.org/10.5472/MMJoa.2802.02
AMA	Mıdık Ö, Kartal M. The use of virtual patients in medical education. Marmara Med J. September 2015;28(2):63-69. doi:10.5472/MMJoa.2802.02
Chicago	Mıdık, Özlem, and Mehtap Kartal. “The Use of Virtual Patients in Medical Education”. Marmara Medical Journal 28, no. 2 (September 2015): 63-69. https://doi.org/10.5472/MMJoa.2802.02.
EndNote	Mıdık Ö, Kartal M (September 1, 2015) The use of virtual patients in medical education. Marmara Medical Journal 28 2 63–69.
IEEE	Ö. Mıdık and M. Kartal, “The use of virtual patients in medical education”, Marmara Med J, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 63–69, 2015, doi: 10.5472/MMJoa.2802.02.
ISNAD	Mıdık, Özlem - Kartal, Mehtap. “The Use of Virtual Patients in Medical Education”. Marmara Medical Journal 28/2 (September 2015), 63-69. https://doi.org/10.5472/MMJoa.2802.02.
JAMA	Mıdık Ö, Kartal M. The use of virtual patients in medical education. Marmara Med J. 2015;28:63–69.
MLA	Mıdık, Özlem and Mehtap Kartal. “The Use of Virtual Patients in Medical Education”. Marmara Medical Journal, vol. 28, no. 2, 2015, pp. 63-69, doi:10.5472/MMJoa.2802.02.
Vancouver	Mıdık Ö, Kartal M. The use of virtual patients in medical education. Marmara Med J. 2015;28(2):63-9.