Time-Dependent Change of the Digestive Enzyme Activity of Black Sea Salmon (Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814) Fed at Suboptimal Temperature

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 244 - 250, 22.09.2021

Osman Tolga Özel Selin Ertürk Gürkan

https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.932281

Abstract

The present study conducted at 10.21±0.27°C water temperature in freshwater recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) to observe the temporal variations in the digestive enzyme activities including pepsin, trypsin, amylase and lipase of Black Sea salmon (Salmo labrax). Seventh filial generation (F7) of Black Sea salmon (Salmo labrax) with average initial weights of 69.85±10.08 g were by hand fed three times daily until apparent satiation. At the end of the 75-day trial the samples were dissected that reached a weight of 179.17±31.08 g at 45th minute, 3rd, 6th, 12th, 24th, 36th, 48th, 72nd and 96nd hours post feeding. In all enzyme groups, the third hour after feeding was recorded as the time when the highest levels were observed. However, enzyme activities decreased gradually as the time after feeding was prolonged. In the nutrition studies to be conducted at a suboptimal temperature in RAS, gut sampling of Black Sea salmon can be taken at 3rd hour after feeding. For a better understanding of digestive enzyme activity for this species, however, different sections of the digestive system should be comprehensively monitored including different temperature conditions.

Keywords

Trout, Salmo labrax, Digestive enzyme activity, Temperature

Supporting Institution

TAGEM

Project Number

TAGEM/HAYSUD/2017/A11/P-01/3.

Thanks

This research was carried out within the project named “Investigation of Possibilities of Using Some Phytobiotic Containing Diets in Black Sea Trout Nutrition" supported by the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, TAGEM/HAYSUD/2017/A11/P-01/3. We would like to thank all project team who carefully conducted experimental studies, succesfully carried out the sampling procedures.

References

• Ahmad, T., Singh, S. P., Khangembam, B. H., Sherma, J. G., & Chakrabartı, R. (2014). Good consumption and digestive enzyme activity of Clarias batrachus exposed to various temperatures. Aquaculture Nutrition, 20(3), 65-272. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12072
• Amhamed, I. D., Mohamed, G. A., Almabrok, A. A., Altief, T. A. S., & Bilen, S. (2018). Efficacy of dietary Chenopodium album extract on some health parameters, digestive enzymes and growth performance in juvenile Cyprinus carpio. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science, 33, 165-176. https://doi.org/10.28955/alinterizbd.412455
• Banan Khojasteh, S. M. (2012). The morphology of the post-gastric alimentary canal in teleost fishes: A brief review. International Journal of Aquatic Science, 3(2), 71-88.
• Bieth, J., & Metais, P. (1968). The simultaneous presence of trypsin and trypsin inhibitors in some pathological effusions. Clinica Chimica Acta, 22, 639-642.
• Bowyer, J. N., Booth, M. A., Qin, J. G., D’Antignana, T., Thomson, M. J. S., & Stone, D. A. J. (2014). Temperature and dissolved oxygen influence growth and digestive enzyme activities of yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi (Valenciennes, 1833). Aquaculture Research, 45(12), 2010–2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12146
• Bradford, M. M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72, 248-254.
• European Commission. (2010). Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. The Official Journal of the European Union, 276, 1-79.
• Floris, R. (2010). Microbial ecology of the intestinal tract of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758). [Ph.D. Thesis. University of Sassari].
• Gabriel, N. N., Qiang, J., Ma, X. Y., Xu, P., & Nakwaya, D. N. (2017). Effects of dietary Aloe vera crude extracts on digestive enzyme activities and muscle proximate composition of GIFT tilapia juveniles. South African Journal of Animal Science, 47, 904-913. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v47i6.18
• Gheisvandi, N., Hajimoradloo, A., & Hoseinifar, S.H. (2014). The effect of water temperature on food transit time and digestive enzymes activity in Caspian kutum (Rutilus kutum) larvae. International Journal of Aquatic Biology, 2(3), 138-146.
• Gioda, C. R., Pretto, A., Freitas, C. S., Leitemperger, J., Loro, V. L., Lazzari, R., Lissner, L. A., Baldisserotto, B., & Salbego, J. (2017). Different feeding habits influence the activity of digestive enzymes in freshwater fish. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, 47(03), e20160113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20160113
• Hani, Y. M. İ., Marchand, A., Turies, C., Kerambrun, E., Palluel, O., Bado-Nilles, A., Beaudouin, R., Porcher, J. M., Geffard, A., & Dedourge-Geffard, O. (2018). Digestive enzymes and gut morphometric parameters of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): Influence of body size and temperature. PLoS ONE, 13, e0194932. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194932
• Infante, J. Z., & Cahu, C. L. (1994). Influence of diet on pepsin and some pancreatic enzymes in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 109, 209-212.
• Kilkenny, C., Browne, W. J., Cuthill, I. C., Emerson, M., & Altman, D. G. (2010). Improving bioscience research reporting: The ARRIVE guidelines for reporting animal research. PLoS Biology, 8, e1000412. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000412
• Kofuji, P. Y. M., Akimoto, A., Hosokawal, H., & Masumoto, T. (2005). Seasonal changes in proteolytic enzymes of yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata (Temminck & Schlegel; Carangidae) fed extruded diets containing different protein and energy levels. Aquaculture Research, 36, 696-703. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01276.x
• Miegel, R. P., Pain, S. J., van Wettere, W. H. E. J., Howarth, G. S., & Stone, D. A. J. (2010). Effect of water temperature on gut transit time, digestive enzyme activity and nutrient digestibility in yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi). Aquaculture, 308, 145-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.07.036
• Munilla-Moran, R., & Saborido-Rey, F. (1996). Digestive enzymes in marine species. I. proteinase activities in gut from redfish (Sebastes mentella), seabream (Sparus aurata) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 113(2), 395-402.
• Özel, O. T., & Ertürk Gürkan, S. (2019). Temporal variation of some digestive enzyme activities of Black Sea trout (Salmo labrax). Proceedings of International Erciyes Agriculture, Animal and Food Sciences Conference. Kayseri, Turkey. pp. 115.
• Shabana, M. S., Karthika, M., & Ramasubramanian, V. (2019). Effect of dietary Citrus sinensis peel extract on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, muscle biochemical composition, and metabolic enzyme status of the freshwater fish, Catla catla. The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 80, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-019-0119-x
• SUMAE. (2010). Karadeniz alabalığı (Salmo trutta labrax) yetiştiriciliği el kitabı. Su Ürünleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Yayın No: 2010–2 Trabzon, 58 pp.
• Sun, Z., Xia, S., Feng, S., Zhang, Z., Rahman, M. M., Rajkumar, M., & Jiang, S. (2015). Effects of water temperature on survival, growth, digestive enzyme activities, and body composition of the leopard coral grouper Plectropomus leopardus. Fisheries Sciences, 81, 107–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-014-0832-9
• Tabak, I., Aksungur, M., Zengin, M., Yılmaz, C., Aksungur, N., Alkan, A., Zengin, B., & Mısır, D. S. (2002). Karadeniz alabalığı (Salmo trutta labrax, Pallas 1811)’nın biyoteknolojik özelliklerinin tespiti ve kültüre alınabilirliğinin araştırılması. Project Report of TAGEM/HAYSUD/98/12/01/2007). Trabzon, Turkey. 178pp.
• Tseng, H. C., Grendell, J. H., & Rothman, S. S. (1982). Food, duodenal extracts, and enzyme secretion by the pancreas. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 243, G304-G312.
• Versaw, K. W., Cuppet, L. S., Winters, D. D., & Williams, L. E. (1989). An improved colorimetric assay for bacterial lipase in nonfat dry milk. Journal of Food Science, 54, 1557-1558.
• Wei, L., Xiu-Mei, Z., & Li-Bo, W. (2010). Digestive enzyme and alkaline phosphatase activities during the early stages of Silurus soldatovi development. Zoological Research, 31(6), 627-632. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1141.2010.06627
• Worthington, T. M. (1982). Enzymes and related biochemicals. Biochemical Products Division. Worthington Diagnostic System Inc. Freehold, New Jersey.
• Xu, A., Shang-Guan, J., Li, Z., Gao, Z., Huang, Y., & Chen, Q. 2019. Effects of garlic powder on feeding attraction activity, growth and digestive enzyme activities of Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus. Aquaculture Nutrition, 00, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.13001