Intramammary ozone therapy in Candida mastitis

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of intramammary ozonated distilled water on treatment success rates for mastitis caused by Candida spp., which resulted from intensive antibiotic use. The study material involved 60 Holstein udder quarters infected with Candida spp., which were divided into an ozone treatment group (n=30) and a control group (n=30). To conduct the study, 25 μg/ml of ozonated distilled water was applied intramammary to each udder quarter from which the causative agent had been isolated. Milk samples were collected on days 6 and 18 after application, and microbiological and mycological analyses were performed on them. The analysis results showed no statistically significant difference in recovery rates between days 0-6 after treatment, but a significant difference emerged between days 6-18 (P<0.05). A significant statistical difference also existed in the overall recovery rates between the ozone and control groups (P<0.05). Consequently, the conclusion drawn was that utilizing ozonated distilled water may prove effective for treating mastitis caused by Candida spp. and may increase recovery rates.

Keywords

• cattle
• fungus
• mastitis
• ozone
• yeast

References

1. Abd El-Razik, K.A., Abdelrahman, K.A., Abd El-Moez, S., & Danial, E.N. (2011). New approach in diagnosis and treatment of bovine mycotic mastitis in Egypt. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5(31), 5725-5732. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR11.1200
2. Akdouche, L., Aissi, M., Zeina, S., & Saadi, A. (2014). Importance of yeast in the mammary infection of the cattle in the Region of Sidi M’Hamed Ben Ali, Wilaya of Relizane, Algeria. Journal of Veterinary Science Technology, 5(2), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMA2014.0300
3. Asfour, H.A.E., Eid, R.H., El-Wakeel, S.A., Behour, T.S., & Darwish, S.F. (2021). Phenotypic and genotypic investigation of yeast species associated with bovine subclinical mastitis with a special reference to their virulence characteristics. International Journal of Veterinary Science, 10.47278/journal.ijvs/2021.071
4. Barasch, A., & Griffin, A.V. (2008). Miconazole revisited: new evidence of antifungal efficacy from laboratory and clinical trials. Future Microbiology,3(3), 265-269. https://doi.org/10.2217/17460913.3.3.265
5. Bekele, T., Lakew, M., Terefe, G., Koran, T., Olani, A., Yimesgen, L., Tamiru, M., & Demissie, T. (2019). Study on bovine mastitis with isolation of bacterial and fungal causal agents and assessing antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolated Staphylococcus species in and around Sebeta town, Ethiopia. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 13(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2018.8909
6. Bourtzi-Hatzopoulou, E., Zdragas, A., Petridou, E., & Filiousis, G. (2003). Yeast as a causative agent of bovine mastitis in Greece. Journal Of The Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 54(2), 105-110. https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15257
7. Cheng, W.N., & Han, S.G. (2020). Bovine mastitis: risk factors, therapeutic strategies, and alternative treatments- A review. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 33(11), 1699-1713. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.20.0156
8. Costa, E.O., Gandra, C.R., Pires, M.F., Coutinho, S.D., Castilho, W., & Teixeira, C.M. (1993). Survey of bovine mycotic in dairy herds in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Mycopathologia, 124(1), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01103051

9. Crawshaw, W.M., MacDonald, N.R., & Duncan, G. (2005). Outbreak of Candida rugosa mastitis in a dairy herd after intramammary antibiotic treatment. The Veterinary Record, 156(25), 812-813. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.156.25.812
10. Czernomysy-Furowicz, D., Karakulska, J., & Silecka, A. (2008). Etiological agents of mastitis in dairy cows on farm in the west Pomeranian region. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica, 7(1), 3-10.
11. da Costa, G.M., de Padua Pereira, U., Souza-Dias, M.A.G., & da Silva, N. (2012). Yeast mastitis outbreak in a Brazilian dairy herd. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 49(3), 239-243. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.v49i3p239-243
12. Du, J., Wang, X., Luo, H., Wang, Y., Liu, X., & Zhou, X. (2018). Epidemiological investigation of non-albicans Candida species recovered from mycotic mastitis of cows in Yinchuan, Ningxia of China. BMC Veterinary Research, 14(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1564-3
13. Du Preez, J.H. (2000). Bovine mastitis therapy and why it fails. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 71(3), 201-208. https://doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v71i3.714
14. Dudko, P., Kostro, K., & Kurpisz, M. (2010). Adaptation of microstix®-candida slide-test for diagnosis of bovine mastitis due to anascogenic yeasts. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 79(1), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.2754/avb201079010113
15. Enginler, S.Ö., Sabuncu, A., Kahraman, B.B., Koçak, Ö., Yıldar, E., & Güzel, Ö. (2015). Comparison of intramammary ozone administration doses in dairy cows with clinical mastitis. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 43, 1-7.
16. Hassan, A.A. (2016). Comparative Effect of Ozone and Traditional Antimycotic Drugs on the Growth of Some Fungal Causes of Recurrent Mastitis in Egyptian Buffaloes. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 5(12), 819-834. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.512.091
17. JasmMohammed, S., & Yassein, S.N. (2020). Characterization of some virulence factors of candida albicans isolated froom subclinical bovine mastitis. Plant Archives, 20(1), 238-242.
18. Jo, S.N., Liu, J., Lee, S.E., Hong, M.S., Kim, D.H., Kim, M.C., Cho, S.W., & Jun, M.H. (2005). A Therapeutic Effect of Ozonated Oil on Bovine Mastitis. Journal of Veterinary Clinics, 22(4), 318-321.
19. Kalinska, A., Gołebiewski, M., & Wójcik, A. (2017). Mastitis pathogens in dairy cattle – a review. World Scientific News, 89(2), 22-31.
20. Kirk, J.H., Bartlett, P.C., & Newman, J.P. (1986). Candida mastitis in a dairy herd. Comp Cont Ed Pract Vet, 8:F150-F152.
21. Klastrup, O. (1975). Scandinavian recommendations on examination of quarter milk samples. In: Dodd, F.H. (Ed.), Proc. IDF Seminar on Mastitis Control. Int. Dairy Fed. document 85, Brussels 49-52.
22. Milanov, D., & Velhner, M. (2014). Bojkovski JA. Diagnosis of yeast mastitis ın dairy cows. Lucrări Ştiinţifice Medicină Veterinară, 47(1):56-63.
23. Ogata, A., & Nagahata, H. (2000). Intramammary Application of Ozone Therapy to Acute Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 62(7), 681-686. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.62.681
24. Onwuhafua, E.U., Kwaga, P.J.K.P., & Bale, J. (2018). Diversity of yeasts associated with bovine subclinical mastitis in periurban dairy farms in Kaduna metropolis, Kaduna state, Nigeria. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 73, 285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.4066
25. Quinn, P.J., Markey, B.K., Leonard, F.C., Fitzpatrick, E.S., Fanning, S., & Hartigan, P.J. (2011). Veterinary Microbiology And Microbial Disease. 2nd ed. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
26. Sartori, L.C.A., Santos, R.C., & Marin, J.M. (2014). Identification of Candida species isolated from cows suffering mastitis in four Brazilian states. Arquivo Brasilerio de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, 66(5), 1615-1617. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7576
27. Sciorsci, R.L., Lillo, E., Occhiogrosso, L., & Rizzo, A. (2020). Ozone therapy in veterinary medicine: A review. Research in Veterinary Science, 130, 240-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.03.026
28. Seker, E. (2010). Identification of Candida species isolated from bovine mastitic milk and their in vitro hemolytic activity in Western Turkey. Mycopathologia, 169, 303–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-009-9255-z
29. Sertkol, C., Sarıbay, M.K., & Cantekin, Z. (2018). Recovery Effect of Intramammary Ozone Therapy for Acute Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 32(3), 285-190.
30. Sukumar, K., & James, P.C. (2012). Incidence of Fungal Mastitis in Cattle. Tamilnadu Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 8(6), 356-359.
31. Tel, O.Y., Keskin, O., Zonturlu, A.K., & Arserim Kaya, N.B. (2009). Şanlıurfa Yöresinde Subklinik Mastitislerin Görülme Oranı, Aerobik Bakteri İzolasyonu ve Duyarlı Antibiyotiklerin Belirlenmesi. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(2), 101-106.
32. Vallone, L., & Stella, S. (2014). Evaluation of antifungal effect of gaseous ozone in a meat processing plant. Italian Journal of Food Safety, 3(2), 1680, 111-113. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2014.1680
33. Varga, L., & Szigeti, J. (2016). Use of ozone in the dairy industry: A review. Society of Dairy Technology, 69(2), 157-168. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0307.12302
34. Vertini, F. (2004). Efficia terapeutica dell’ossigeno-ozonoterapia per il trattamento della mastite bovina. Rivista Italiana di Ossigeno-Ozonoterapia, 3, 81-86.
35. Zaragoza, C.S., Olivares, R.A.C., Watty, A.E.D., de la Pena Moctezuma, A., & Tanaca, L.V. (2011). Yeasts isolation from bovine mammary glands under different mastitis status in the Mexican High Plateu. Revista Iberoamericana de Micología,