<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>meujfe</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">1306-7850</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Mersin University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17860/mersinefd.1372519</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Early Childhood Education</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Okul Öncesi Eğitim</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>A Comparative Study on Working Conditions of Preschool Teachers: The Case of Turkey and Ireland</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Çalışma Koşulları Üstüne Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme: Türkiye ve İrlanda Örneği</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6594-1387</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Deniz</surname>
                                    <given-names>Umay Hazar</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>PAMUKKALE ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-6028</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Aykar</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ayfer Nur</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Giraffe Childcare</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20240419">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>19</month>
                    <year>2024</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>20</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>67</fpage>
                                        <lpage>87</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20231007">
                        <day>10</day>
                        <month>07</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20240320">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>20</month>
                        <year>2024</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2005, Mersin University Journal of the Faculty of  Education</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2005</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Mersin University Journal of the Faculty of  Education</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>The purpose of this research is to investigate the working conditions of preschool teachers working in private schools in Turkey and Ireland, the difficulties they encounter, their solutions to these difficulties, and to elucidate their expectations. The research was carried out as a comparative case study, which is a qualitative research design. A total of 25 preschool teachers, 13 from Turkey and 12 from Ireland, participated in the research. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and within-case and cross-case analyses were conducted using the MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2022 program. According to the research findings, working conditions in Turkey are more challenging compared to Ireland. The difficulties experienced by teachers were related to working conditions, physical facilities, school policies, colleagues, parents, administrators, society, and the education system. Additionally, it was found that teachers in both countries resort to various solutions, ranging from being unresponsive to leaving their jobs, in addressing these problems. Teachers from both countries have expectations such as improving working conditions, collaborating among colleagues to solve problems, increasing the prestige of the teaching profession, in-service training, and quality undergraduate education. In addition, Turkish teachers emphasized the reinstatement of the base salary system and the removal of the pedagogical formation program, while Irish teachers expected changes in the national preschool education program. In conclusion, working conditions in private institutions are challenging in both countries, and the teachers face similar difficulties in various areas.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Bu araştırmada Türkiye ve İrlanda’da özel kurumlarda görev yapan okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin çalışma koşullarını, karşılaştıkları güçlükleri, güçlüklerle ilgili çözüm yollarını incelemek ve beklentilerini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, bir nitel araştırma deseni olan karşılaştırmalı durum çalışması olarak desenlenmiştir. Araştırmaya Türkiye’den 13 İrlanda’dan 12 kişi olmak üzere 25 okul öncesi öğretmeni katılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler ile toplanmıştır. Ardından MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2022 programı ile durum içi ve çapraz durum analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre Türkiye’de çalışma koşullarının İrlanda’ya göre daha zor olduğu görülmüştür. Öğretmenlerin yaşadıkları güçlüklerin çalışma koşullarıyla, fiziki olanaklarla, okul politikalarıyla, meslektaşlarla, ebeveynlerle, yöneticilerle, toplumla ve eğitim sistemiyle ilgili olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Ayrıca sorunların çözümünde tepkisiz kalmaktan işten ayrılmaya kadar farklı çözüm yollarına başvurdukları bulgulanmıştır. Her iki ülkeden öğretmenler çalışma koşullarının iyileştirilmesini, sorunların çözümünde meslektaşlar arasında işbirliği yapılmasını, öğretmenliği mesleğinin saygınlığının artması, hizmet içi eğitim ve kaliteli lisans eğitimi gibi beklentilere sahiptirler. Ek olarak Türk öğretmenler taban maaş uygulamasının geri getirilmesini ve formasyonun kaldırılmasını istediklerini vurgularken İrlanda’daki öğretmenler ise ulusal okul öncesi eğitim programında düzenleme bekledikleri görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak her iki ülkede de özel kurumlarında çalışma koşullarının zor olduğu ve benzer konularda güçlük yaşadıkları görülmüştür.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>çalışma koşulları</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  özel okul</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  okul öncesi öğretmenler</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Working conditions</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  private schools</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  preschool teachers</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ada, Ş., Küçükali, R., Akan, D. ve Dal, M. (2014). Okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında yönetim sorunları. Middle Eastern &amp; African Journal of Educational Research, 12, 32-49.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Araujo, M. C., Carneiro, P., Cruz-Aguayo, Y., &amp; Schady, N. (2016). Teacher quality and learning outcomes in kindergarten. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(3), 1415-1453. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw016</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Atabay, E. (2020). Tükenmişlik ile iş doyumu arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: Anaokulu öğretmenleri örneklemi [Yüksek lisans tezi, İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi].  https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/’nden erişilmiştir (Tez No. 642162)</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Atalay, F. (2021, 22 Aralık). Özel okul öğretmenleri yaşadıklarını anlattı: Köle gibiyiz. Cumhuriyet. https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/egitim/ozel-okul-ogretmenleri-yasadiklarini-anlatti-kole-gibiyiz-1894590</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Barnett, W. S., &amp; Frede, E. (2010). The promise of preschool: Why we need early education for all. American Educator, 34(1), 21-29.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bartlett, L., &amp; Vavrus, F. (2017). Rethinking case study research: A comparative approach. Routledge.
Başturan (2018). Devlet ve özel okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında görev yapan öğretmenlerin mesleki sorun tanımlarının incelenmesi [Yüksek lisans tezi, İstanbul Okan Üniversitesi]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/’nden erişilmiştir (Tez No. 522056)</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Başturan, C. ve Görgü, E. (2020). Öğretmenlerin mesleki sorun tanımları: Okul öncesi öğretmenleri bağlamında bir değerlendirme. Yaşadıkça Eğitim, 34(1), 79-98.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Braun, V., &amp; Clarke, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners. Sage</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Camilli, G., Vargas, S., Ryan, S., &amp; Barnett, W. S. (2010). Meta-analysis of the effects of early education interventions on cognitive and social development. Teachers college record, 112(3), 579-620.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Can, E., ve Kılıç, Ş. (2019). Okul öncesi eğitim: Temel sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 48(1), 483-519.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Corr, L., Cook, K., LaMontagne, A. D., Waters, E., &amp; Davis, E. (2015). Associations between Australian early childhood educators’ mental health and working conditions: A cross-sectional study. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 40(3), 69-78. https://doi.org/10.1177/183693911504000310</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı (2015). Özel öğretim kurumlarında çalışan işçilerin çalışma koşullarının iyileştirilmesi programlı teftiş sonuç raporu. https://www.csgb.gov.tr/medias/6071/2016_84_ozelokullar.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çimen, B. ve Karadağ, E. (2020). Özel okullarda çalışan öğretmenlerin çalışma şartları ve gelecek kaygıları üzerine görüşleri. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 518-541.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Demir, M. K. ve Arı, E. (2013). Öğretmen sorunları- Çanakkale ili örneği. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(1), 107-126.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Department of Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth (2021). Nurturing skills: The workforce plan for early learning and care (ELC) and school-age childcare (SAC) 2022–2028. https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/97056-nurturing-skills-the-workforce-plan-for-early-learning-and-care-elc-and-school-age-childcare-sac-2022-2028/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Eğitim-Sen. (2015). Öğretmenlerin çalışma koşulları ve sorunlarına bakışı araştırması: Öğretmenlerin sorunları acil çözüm bekliyor! https://egitimsen.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/E%C4%9Fitim-Sen-Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rma-Analiz.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Erdamar, G., &amp; Demirel, H. (2016). Job and life satisfaction of teachers and the conflicts they experience at work and at home. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 4(6), 164-175. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v4i6.1502</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Erdiller, Z. B., &amp; Doğan, Ö. (2014). The examination of teacher stress among Turkish early childhood education teachers. Early Child Devolopment and Care, 185(4), 631-646. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2014.946502</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">European Commission (2013). Study on policy measures to improve the attractiveness of the teaching profession in Europe: Final report (Rapor no: EAC-2010-1391). https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2766/40827</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Faulkner, M., Gerstenblatt, P., Lee, A., Vallejo, V., &amp; Travis, D. (2014). Childcare providers: Work stress and personal well-being. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 14(3), 280-293.  https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X14552871.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Fonsen, E., &amp; Soukainen, U. (2020). Sustainable pedagogical leadership in Finnish early childhood education (ECE): An evaluation by ECE professionals. Early Childhood Education Journal, 48(3), 213-222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-019-00984-y</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gül, Z. ve Olcayto T. (2022,17 Haziran). Eğitim emekçileri: İktidar çözmek yerine sorunları daha da derinleştirdi. Evrensel. https://www.evrensel.net/haber/463958/egitim-emekcileri-iktidar-cozmek-yerine-sorunlari-daha-da-derinlestirdi</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hanushek, E. A., &amp; Rivkin, S. G. (2007). Pay, working conditions, and teacher quality. The Future of Children, 17(1), 69-86.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ingersoll, R. M. (2001). Teacher turnover and teacher shortages: An organizational analysis. American Educational Research Journal, 38(3), 499-534.  https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312038003499</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jennings, P. A., &amp; Greenberg, M. T. (2009). The prosocial classroom: Teacher social and emotional competence in relation to student and classroom outcomes. Review of Educational Research, 79(1), 491-525. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654308325693</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Johnson, A. D., Phillips, D. A., Schochet, O. N., Martin, A., Castle, S., &amp; Tulsa SEED Study Team. (2021). To whom little is given, much is expected: ECE teacher stressors and supports as determinants of classroom quality. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 54, 13-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2020.07.002</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kostelnik, M. J., Soderman, A. K., Whiren, A. P. ve Rupiper M. L. (2019). Gelişime uygun eğitim programı erken çocukluk eğitiminde en iyi uygulamalar (E. Ahmetoğlu, İ. H. Acar, çev. ed.). Nobel.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ladd, H. F., &amp; Sorensen, L. C. (2016). Returns to teacher experience: Student achievement and motivation in middle school. Education Finance and Policy 12(2), 241–279.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Løvgren M. (2016). Emotional exhaustion in day-care workers. European Early Childhood Education Research 
Journal, 24(1), 157–167.  https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2015.1120525</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Matsuo, M., Tanaka, G., Tokunaga, A., Higashi, T., Honda, S., Shirabe, S., Yoshida, Y., Imamura, A., Ishikawa, I., &amp; Iwanaga, R. (2021). Factors associated with kindergarten teachers’ willingness to continue working. Medicine 100(35), 1-8.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">McMullen, M. B., Lee, M. S. C., McCormick, K. I., &amp; Choi, J. (2020). Early childhood professional well-being as a predictor of the risk of turnover in child care: A matter of quality. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 34(3), 331–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2019.1705446</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2023). Milli eğitim istatistikleri 2022/’23.  https://sgb.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2023_09/29151106_meb_istatistikleri_orgun_egitim_2022_2023.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Nores, M., &amp; Barnett, W. S. (2010). Benefits of early childhood interventions across the world: (Under) Investing in the very young. Economics of education review, 29(2), 271-282.
OECD (2021). Strengthening early childhood education and care in Ireland: Review on sector quality. https://www.oecd.org/ireland/strengthening-early-childhood-education-and-care-in-ireland-72fab7d1-en.htm</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">OECD (2022). Teachers&#039; salaries. https://data.oecd.org/teachers/teachers-salaries.htm</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Öztürk, F. Z., Kaya, N. ve Durmaz, E. (2015). Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin görev sürecinde yaşadıkları eğitimsel sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri. Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(3), 67-93</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Sage.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Powell A., Langford R., Albanese P., Prentice S., &amp; Bezanson K. (2020). Who cares for carers? How discursive constructions of care work marginalized early childhood educators in Ontario&#039;s 2018 provincial election. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 21(2), 153–164. https://doi.org/10.1177/1463949120928433</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Quinones, G., Barnes, M., &amp; Berger, E. (2021). Early childhood educators’ solidarity and struggles for recognition. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 46(4), 296-308.  https://doi.org/10.1177/18369391211050165</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Recepoğlu, E., Akgün, K. ve Aksu, S. (2016). Okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının KPSS alan sınavına ilişkin görüşleri. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 24(5), 2537-2548.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sahito, Z., &amp; Vaisanen, P. (2020). A literature review on teachers’ job satisfaction in developing countries: Recommendations and solutions for the enhancement of the job. Review of Education, 8(1), 3-34.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wells, M. B. (2015). Predicting preschool teacher retention and turnover in newly hired Head Start teachers across the first half of the school year. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 30, 152–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2014.10.003</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Whitaker, R. C., Dearth-Wesley, T., &amp; Gooze, R. A. (2015). Workplace stress and the quality of teacher–children relationships in Head Start. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 30, 57-69.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yayla, A., Sak, R., Şahin Sak, İ. T., &amp; Taşkın, N. (2018). Comparing the job satisfaction of hourly paid and salaried preschool teachers in Turkey. Education 3-13, 46(7), 814-824.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods. Sage.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref46">
                        <label>46</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zinsser, K. M., Christensen, C. G., &amp; Torres, L. (2016). She’s supporting them; Who’s supporting her? Preschool center-level social-emotioanl supports and teacher well-being. Journal of School Psychology. 59(2016), 55-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2016.09.001</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
