<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>mersin univ saglık bilim derg</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">1308-0830</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Mersin University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Midwifery (Other)</subject>
                                                            <subject>Nursing (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Ebelik (Diğer)</subject>
                                                            <subject>Hemşirelik (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Male university students’ perceptions of ınfant care: a qualitative study</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Erkek üniversite öğrencilerinin bebek bakımı algısı: nitel çalışma</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7568-0974</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Bal</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sümeyye</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9863-1227</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Şahin</surname>
                                    <given-names>Fatma Rumeysa</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2119-4062</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>İşeri</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sena</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>TOKAT GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1707-7845</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Çifçi</surname>
                                    <given-names>İlayda</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2755-2063</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Ayçiçek</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ülkü</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260330">
                    <day>03</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>19</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>11</fpage>
                                        <lpage>21</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250617">
                        <day>06</day>
                        <month>17</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20251103">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>03</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2008, Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2008</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Aim: Transformations in gender roles are reshaping expectations regarding men&#039;s family roles. Traditionally, the responsibility of infant care has been attributed to mothers, but today it is increasingly shared with fathers. This change makes it crucial to understand the attitudes and perceptions of future fathers towards child care. Particularly, the views of male university students on this topic are noteworthy within the context of preparing for fatherhood and societal norms. This study aims to conduct an in-depth examination of male university students&#039; perceptions of infant care. Methods: This research was conducted with a descriptive phenomenological design. The study was carried out between April and June 2023 with 18 male university students. Research data were collected through in-depth individual interviews using a semi-structured form. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Four themes were identified as a result of the analysis of the findings: “Perceptions of the Concept of Spousal Support,” “Perceptions of Participation in Baby Care,” “Perceptions of the Breastfeeding Process,” and “Effects of Fathers’ Participation in Care on Parent-Baby Bonding.” The men stated that participating in baby care would support their spouses, make the breastfeeding process more comfortable for their partners, and positively affect parent-child bonding. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that men believe participating in baby care supports their spouses and positively impacts the postpartum process. Training programs should be planned in prenatal schools and post-marital counseling services to enhance the knowledge levels of future fathers regarding baby care.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Amaç: Toplumsal cinsiyet rollerindeki dönüşümler, erkeklerin aile içi rollerine dair beklentileri de yeniden şekillendirmektedir. Geleneksel olarak annelere atfedilen bebek bakımı sorumluluğu, günümüzde babalarla daha fazla paylaşılmaktadır. Bu değişim, gelecekte baba olacak bireylerin çocuk bakımına ilişkin tutum ve algılarının anlaşılmasını önemli hale getirmektedir. Özellikle üniversite dönemindeki erkek bireylerin bu konudaki görüşleri, babalığa hazırlık süreci ve toplumsal normlar bağlamında dikkate değerdir. Bu çalışma, erkek üniversite öğrencilerinin bebek bakımına yönelik algılarını derinlemesine incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı fenomenolojik tasarımdaki araştırma, Nisan‐Haziran 2023 tarihleri arasında üniversitede öğrenim gören 18 erkek ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma verileri yarı yapılandırılmış form kullanılarak toplanmıştır.  Bulgular: Analiz sonucunda; “Eş Desteği Kavramına Yönelik Algılar” “Bebeğin Bakımına Katılıma Yönelik Algılar” “Emzirme Sürecine Yönelik Algılar” ve “Babaların Bakıma Katılımının Ebeveyn-Bebek Bağına Etkileri” temaları belirlenmiştir. Erkekler bebek bakımına katılma ile eşlerine destek olacaklarını, eşlerinin emzirme sürecinin daha konforlu geçeceğini ve bu durumun da ebeveyn bağlılığını etkileyeceğini belirtmişlerdir. Sonuç: Erkeklerin bebek bakımına katılması ile eşlerini destekleyecekleri ve doğum sonu sürece olumlu yönde etkileri olduğunu düşündükleri tespit edilmiştir. Geleceğin babalarına gebe okullarında, evlilik sonrası danışmanlık hizmetlerinde bebek bakımı ile ilgili bilgi düzeylerini artırmaya yönelik eğitimler planlanmalıdır.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>öğrenci</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  baba</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  bebek bakımı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  nitel araştırma</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>student</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  father</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  baby care</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  qualitative study</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Savaş G. Türkiye’de yaşayan bireylerin toplumsal cinsiyet eşit (siz) liği algısı-Gender (In) equality perception of individuals living in Turkey. Akdeniz Kadın Çalışmaları ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Dergisi. 2018;1(2):101-121.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lazarus BA, Nnana OO, Tiku OT. Modernization, changes, and crisis in family structure and roles: Implications for socialwork intervention. Multi- Disciplinary Journal of Research and Development Perspectives. 2024;13(1)</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cinel NÖ, Şahin FT. Babaların kendilerinin ve babalarının babalık rollerine bakış açılarının incelenmesi. Uluslararası Beşerî Bilimler ve Eğitim Dergisi. 2021;7(15):107-129.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Akduman G, Hatipoğlu Z. Kim Bu Z Kuşağı? International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management Inquiries. 2021;5(9):203-226.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Akgül H. X, Y ve Z kuşağı bireylerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumlarının incelenmesi. International Journal of Educational Spectrum. 2022;4(1):31-42. doi:10.47806/ijesacademic.1039180</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bayer A. Modernleşme sürecinde aile: Değişen annelik ve babalık. Tevilat. 2020;1(1):35-60.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Roberts MY, Curtis P, Estabrook R, et al. Talking tots and the terrible twos: Early language and disruptive behavior in toddlers. Journal of Developmental &amp; Behavioral Pediatrics. 2018;39(9):709-714.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kınık E, Özcan H. Maternal bağlanmayı etkileyen faktörler ve primiparlarda maternal bağlanma durumu. Sağlık Profesyonelleri Araştırma Dergisi. 2020;2(1):47-53.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yıldırım F, Şahin E. Does father involvement affect attachment and maternal depression and quality of life?: a randomized controlled trial. Family Practice. 2025;42(3):cmaf024. doi:10.1093/fampra/cmaf024.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kato T, Fujii M, Kanatani K, et al. Paternal involvement in infant care and developmental milestone outcomes at age 3 years: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS). Pediatric Research. 2024;95(3):785-791. doi:10.1038/s41390-023-02723-x.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Small A, Kavanagh SA, Macdonald JA, Di Manno L, Wynter K. Father Involvement in Pregnancy and Postnatal Care: Combined Perspectives of Fathers, Mothers, and Service Providers. Nursing &amp; Health Sciences. 2025;27(2):e70105. doi:10.1111/nhs.70105</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mhango P, Nyondo-Mipando AL. Factors influencing fathers’ involvement in the care of hospitalized preterm newborns in Balaka, Malawi. BMC pediatrics. 2023;23(1):432. doi:10.1186/s12887-023-04253-1</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Polit DF, Beck CT. Nursing research: Principles and methods. Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins; 2004.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Altunışık R, Coşkun R, Bayraktaroğlu S, Yıldırım E. Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri. 2007;</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Köse Tuncer S, Kaloğlu Binici D. The correlation between spousal support and postpartum depression in fathers. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 2022;58(4):2407-2413.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zhang Y, Razza R. Father involvement, couple relationship quality, and maternal postpartum depression: the role of ethnicity among low-income families. Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2022;26(7):1424-1433. doi:10.1007/s10995-022-03407-4</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zeng J, Zheng Q-X, Wang Q-S, et al. Father support breastfeeding self-efficacy positively affects exclusive breastfeeding at 6 weeks postpartum and its influencing factors in Southeast China: a multi-centre, cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):2698. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20136-1</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yıldırım A, Şimşek H. Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. SeçkinYayıncılık; 2013.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology. 2006;3(2):77-101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Elo S, Kyngäs H. The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of advanced nursing. 2008;62(1):107-115. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Saldaña J. The coding manual for qualitative researchers. SAGE Publication; 2021.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Thomas DR. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation. 2006;27(2):237-246. doi:10.1177/1098214005283748</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Boyatzis RE. Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Sage; 1998.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Vatansever Z. Erişkin bağlanma biçimlerinin doğum sonrası depresyon anksiyete üzerindeki etkisi ve sosyal desteğin bu ilişkideki moderatör rolü. Işık Üniversitesi; 2017</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kolukırık Ü, Şimşek H, Ergör A. Doğum sonrası dönemdeki annelerde depresif belirtilerle ilişkili etmenler: Toplum tabanlı kesitsel bir çalışma. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2019;33(1):1-8. doi:10.5505/deutfd.2019.30092</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Nimi T, Jisha J, Sheela SN. Attitude and involvement of men in postnatal and baby care. Int J Appl Res ;. 2018;4(10):437-441.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rudelli N, Straccia C, Petitpierre G. Fathers of children with autism spectrum disorder: Their perceptions of paternal role a predictor of caregiving satisfaction, self-efficacy and burden. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2021;83:101744. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101744</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Song L, Wang X. Father involvement and child social adjustment: The chain mediating effects of the father–child relationship and mother marital satisfaction. Infant Mental Health Journal. 2025;doi:10.1002/imhj.70017</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zhang S, Hwang H-S. The Relations between Father-Perceived Family Strength and Maternal Gatekeeping in Chinese Families—Focusing on the Dual Mediation Effect of Father Involvement and Mutual Communication. Behavioral Sciences. 2023;13(12):968. doi:10.3390/bs13120968</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Waseghi F, Nasiri S, Moravveji S, Karimian Z. Attitude and participation of men regarding prenatal care, childbirth, and postpartum care in Kashan City, Iran. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research. 2021;26(4):368-371. doi:10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_140_20</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Swetha T, Roseline V, Shivaswamy M. Knowledge and perception of men about postnatal care: community based study. Hindu. 2019;172:43. doi:10.33545/comed.2019.v2.i2c.69</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gibore NS, Bali TA. Community perspectives: An exploration of potential barriers to men’s involvement in maternity care in a central Tanzanian community. PloS one. 2020;15(5):e0232939. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0232939</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Chiang RKQ, Shorey S. Men&#039;s experiences of antenatal care services in low‐income and middle‐income countries: A qualitative systematic review. Birth. 2023;50(2):276-286. doi:10.1111/birt.12688</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Greenspan JA, Chebet JJ, Mpembeni R, et al. Men’s roles in care seeking for maternal and newborn health: a qualitative study applying the three delays model to male involvement in Morogoro Region, Tanzania. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2019;19(1):293. doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2439-8</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Leng RNW, Shorey S, Yin SLK, Chan CPP, He H-G. Fathers’ involvement in their wives’/Partners’ breastfeeding: a descriptive correlational study. Journal of Human lactation. 2019;35(4):801-812. doi:10.1177/0890334419830988</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">WHO. World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative. 2021. https://www.emro.who.int/jor/jordan-news/world-breastfeeding-week-protect-breastfeeding-a-shared-responsibility.html. 2021.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">WHO. Let’s make breastfeeding and work, work! 2023. https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-breastfeeding-week/2023. 2023.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bennett AE, McCartney D, Kearney JM. Views of fathers in Ireland on the experience and challenges of having a breast-feeding partner. Midwifery. 2016;40:169-176. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2016.07.004</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Abbass-Dick J, Brown HK, Jackson KT, Rempel L, Dennis C-L. Perinatal breastfeeding interventions including fathers/partners: A systematic review of the literature. Midwifery. 2019;75:41-51. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2019.04.001</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zhou S-s, Lu J, Qin A, et al. The role of paternal support in breastfeeding outcomes: a meta-analytic review. International Breastfeeding Journal. 2024;19(1):84. doi:10.1186/s13006-024-00694-1.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bich TH, Hoa DTP, Ha NT, Vui LT, Nghia DT, Målqvist M. Father&#039;s involvement and its effect on early breastfeeding practices in Viet Nam. Maternal &amp; child nutrition. 2016;12(4):768-777. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12207</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mirlashari J, Holsti L, Ranjbar H, Sanjari M, Morovati F, Ameri ZD. The Impact of Involvement of Father&#039;s with Preterm Newborns on their Paternal-Infant Bonding and Self-Efficacy: non-randomized clinical trial. 2020;doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-35486/v1</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
