Antituberculosis drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3, 525 - 542, 18.12.2023

Nurcihan Biltekin , Mahmut Ülger

Öz

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic, granulomatous bacterial disease with different clinical manifestations caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). TB continues to be a public health problem that still maintains its importance today. Given the recent years of co-infection with HIV/AIDS and multidrug-resistant (MDR) cases, treatment for TB disease is available in combination with multiple anti-TB drugs for at least six months. Current first-line (primary) treatments for TB, administration of a combination of isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), pyrazinamide(PZA), and ethambutol(EMB) during the first two months and then based on INH and RIF treatment for a duration of more than four to seven months. In the treatment of TB, with prolonged use of anti-TB drugs, the emergence and spread of MDR and extensive drug-resistant (XDR) M. tuberculosis strains present challenges in treating TB. In this review, it was aimed to mention the general properties of first and second-line anti-TB drugs used in the treatment of TB.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tuberculosis, treatment, anti-tuberculosis drugs

Tüberküloz tedavisinde kullanılan antitüberküloz ilaçlar

Öz

Tüberküloz (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis)’in sebep olduğu değişik klinik görünümlere sahip kronik, granülomatöz karakterde bakteriyel bir hastalıktır. TB günümüzde halen önemini koruyan bir halk sağlığı sorunu olmaya devam etmektedir. Son yıllarda HIV/AIDS ile ko-enfeksiyon olması ve çok ilaca dirençli (ÇİD) vakalar göz önüne alındığında TB hastalığında tedavi en az altı ay süre ile çoklu anti-TB ilaçlarla birlikte mevcut tedaviyi oluşturmaktadır. TB için mevcut birinci kuşak (primer) tedaviler, ilk iki ay boyunca izoniazid (INH), rifampisin (RIF), pirazinamid (PZA) ve etambutol (EMB) kombinasyonunun uygulanmasına ve ardından dört ila yedi aydan daha uzun süreli INH ve RIF tedavisine dayanmaktadır. TB tedavisinde, anti-TB ilaçların uzun süre kullanılması ile M. tuberculosis’in ÇİD ve yaygın ilaca dirençli (YİD) suşlarının ortaya çıkması ve yayılması TB’nin tedavisinde zorlukları beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu derlemede TB tedavisinde kullanılan birinci ve ikinci kuşak anti-TB ilaçların genel özelliklerinden bahsedilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tüberküloz, Tedavi, Anti-tüberküloz ilaçlar

Kaynakça

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