The Problem of Phenomenal Consciousness: A Descriptive and Categorical Analysis
Abstract
Abstract: The chief purpose of this paper is to give a descriptive and categorical analysis of the problem of phenomenal consciousness. To achieve this goal, the paper first attempts to explain why phenomenal consciousness is a puzzle for the current scientific conception of the world. This requires defining, and if it is not possible, determining the essential characters of phenomenal consciousness. Accordingly, based on the inevitable assumption that phenomenal consciousness cannot be given a satisfactory, non-circular, non-theory-based definition, the paper ventures to describe and lay out the two essential characters of phenomenal consciousness: “subjectivity” and “qualitativity.” Keeping in mind that these two characters are interrelated, the paper centralize the subjective character and points out that three features of subjective character are the major obstacles for the incorporation of phenomenal consciousness to the scientific conception of the world. These are that (i) phenomenal consciousness is not a publicly observable phenomenon, that (ii) one could not observe one’s own phenomenally conscious states from a third-person perspective, and that (iii) a particular phenomenally conscious state could not be experienced by more than one subject. After characterizing these three decisive features of subjectivity, the paper surveys the wide range of philosophical approaches to the problem of phenomenal consciousness such as supernaturalism, idealism, naturalistic dualism, cartesian dualism, non-standard scientific monism, cognitive limitationism/agnostic mysterianism and materialism/physicalism. The paper finally attempts to explain the difference between the usage of the term “materialism” and “physicalism” in the literature and points out that materialism or physicalism is the most commonly defended naturalistic thesis to explain the nature of phenomenal consciousness and to incorporate it to the scientific conception of the world by explaining its essential characters only in terms of ontologically fundamental entities of current physical and biological sciences.
Keywords
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Philosophy
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Murat Arıcı
0000-0002-8697-8186
Türkiye
Publication Date
June 30, 2018
Submission Date
May 15, 2018
Acceptance Date
June 16, 2018
Published in Issue
Year 2018 Volume: 1 Number: 1