Sağlık Sektöründe Duygusal Emeğin Kişilik ve Psikolojik Esenlikle İlişkileri

Öz

Bu çalışmada duygusal emeğin öncülleri ve çıktıları incelenmiştir. Duygusal emek, yüzeysel duygusal emek ve derin duygusal emek olmak üzere iki boyut temelinde ele alınmıştır. Duygusal emeği yordamak amacıyla 5-faktörlü kişilik modeli (nevrotiklik, dışadönüklük, deneyime açıklık, uyumluluk, sorumluluk bilinci) kullanılmıştır. Duygusal emeğin çıktısı olarak ise çalışanların psikolojik esenliği (yaşam doyumu, iş doyumu, psikolojik semptomlar) değerlendirilmiştir. Likert-tipi ölçekler içeren anketler kullanılarak hastanelerde görev yapan 230 sağlık çalışanından veri toplanmıştır. Yürütülen bir dizi standart çoklu regresyon analizi sonucunda yüzeysel duygusal emeğin dışadönüklük (+) ve kısmen uyumluluk (-) kişilik boyutları tarafından yordandığı; derin duygusal emeğin ise dışadönüklük (+), uyumluluk (+) ve sorumluluk bilinci (+) tarafından yordandığı tespit edilmiştir. Yüzeysel duygusal emek arttıkça yaşam doyumu azalmaktadır. Derin duygusal emeğin artması ve yüzeysel duygusal emeğin azalması, somatizasyon, depresyon ve hostilite semptomlarında azalma ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Bu bulgular derin duygusal emeğin çalışan esenliği için faydalı, yüzeysel duygusal emeğin ise zararlı olduğunu göstermiştir. Yürütülen varyans analizi sonucuna göre özel sektör sağlık çalışanları devlet çalışanlarına kıyasla daha fazla duygusal emek sergilemektedirler. Çalışma bulgularının alanyazındaki yeri, örgütlerdeki pratik uygulamalar açısından yapılabilecekler ve çalışmanın sınırlılıkları tartışılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Duygusal emek
• kişilik
• psikolojik esenlik
• öznel iyi oluş

The Relationship of Emotional Labor and Personality and Psychological Wellbeing in the Health Sector

Abstract

Aim of this study was to investigate the antecedents and consequences of emotional labor. Emotional labor was assessed based on the two dimensions of surface acting and deep acting. The five-factor model of personality (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) was used to predict emotional labor. Employee psychological wellbeing (life satisfaction, job satisfaction, psychological symptoms) was used as a consequence of emotional labor. Questionnaires including Likert-type scales were used to collect data from 230 health workers employed in various hospitals. Standard multiple regression analyses revealed that surface acting was predicted by the personality dimensions of extraversion (+) and agreeableness (-), while deep acting was predicted by extraversion (+), agreeableness (+), and conscientiousness (+). Increase in surface acting was associated with a decrease in life satisfaction. Increase in deep acting and decrease in surface acting was accompanied by a decrease in symptoms of somatization, depression, and hostility. These findings indicate that deep acting promotes but surface acting deteriorates employee psychological wellbeing. An additional variance analysis demonstrated that private sector health workers displayed higher levels of emotional labor compared to public sector workers. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings and the limitations of the study are discussed.

Keywords

• Emotional labor
• personality
• psychological wellbeing
• subjective wellbeing

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