Phenotypic Diversity of The Chestnut Genotypes in Yağlıdere District (Giresun, Türkiye)

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 18 - 30, 09.07.2025

Nesrin Pul , Saim Zeki Bostan

https://doi.org/10.51532/meyve.1609797

Öz

Phenotypic diversity and population relationships of chestnut genotypes (Castanea sativa Mill.) growing spontaneously in forested areas of Yağlıdere district (Giresun, Türkiye) were investigated according to fruit traits. In 7 different populations where chestnut trees are dense in the region, 15 healthy genotypes and 105 genotypes in total were evaluated for 14 fruit traits. It was determined that the coefficient of variation was less than 20% except for nut and kernel weight. Correlation analysis revealed that 56 out of 91 relationships were significant and 51 of them were positive. The highest positive relationships were found between nut weight, kernel weight, kernel percentage, nut height and nut length. Only nut height/nut length ratio and stalk base length showed significant variation among populations. In within-population principal component analysis, the first four principal components explained 77.38% of the total variance. The relationships between the first principal component and nut width, nut length, nut height, the distance from the base to the largest section of the nut, nut weight and kernel weight were found to be high and positive. In the principal component analysis between populations, the first four principal components explained 88.98% of the total variance. The highest positive correlation was shown by scar length/scar width and nut height in the first principal component, nut length and distance from the base to the largest section of the nut in the second principal component, scar length and scar length/nut length in the third component and nut width in the fourth component, respectively. Cluster analysis divided genotypes into 12 clusters and populations into 2 clusters. In conclusion, principal component and clustering analysis explained the phenotypic diversity of 105 chestnut genotypes in the natural population in Yağlıdere district according to fruit traits and population relationships explained the whole phenotypic variation among genotypes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Castanea sativa , Clustering , Correlation , Population , Principal component , Variation

Yağlıdere ilçesindeki (Giresun, Türkiye) kestane genotiplerinin fenotipik çeşitliliği

Öz

Yağlıdere ilçesi (Giresun, Türkiye) ormanlık alanlarda kendiliğinden yetişen kestane genotiplerinin (Castanea sativa Mill.) meyve özelliklerine göre fenotipik çeşitliliği ve populasyon ilişkileri araştırılmıştır. Yörede kestane ağaçlarının yoğun olduğu 7 farklı populasyonda sağlıklı durumda olan 15’er genotip ve toplamda 105 genotip 14 meyve özelliği yönünden değerlendirilmiştir. Kabuklu ve iç meyve ağırlığı dışındakilerin %20’nin altında varyasyon katsayısına sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Korelasyon analizi toplam 91 ilişkiden 56 tanesinin önemli olduğunu ve bunların da 51 tanesinin pozitif yönlü olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. En yüksek pozitif ilişkiler meyve ağırlığı, iç ağırlığı, iç oranı, meyve yükseliği ve boyu arasında ortaya çıkmıştır. Sadece meyve yüksekliği/meyve boyu oranı ve sap tabanı uzunluğu populasyonlar arasında önemli değişim göstermiştir. Populasyon içi temel bileşen analizinde ilk dört temel bileşen toplam varyansın %77.38’ini açıklamıştır. Birinci temel bileşenle meyve eni, meyve boyu, meyve yüksekliği, meyve tabanı ile en geniş yeri arasındaki mesafe, meyve ağırlığı ve iç ağırlığı arasındaki ilişkilerin yüksek ve pozitif yönde bulunmuştur. Populasyonlar arası temel bileşen analizinde ilk dört temel bileşen toplam varyansın %88.98’ini açıklamıştır. En yüksek pozitif ilişkiyi, sırasıyla, birinci temel bileşende meyve tabanı boyu/meyve tabanı eni ve meyve yüksekliği, 2. temel bileşende meyve boyu ve meyve tabanı ile en geniş yeri arasındaki mesafe, üçüncü bileşende meyve tabanı boyu ve meyve tabanı boyu/meyve boyu ve dördüncü bileşende meyve eni göstermiştir. Kümeleme analizi genotipleri 12 kümeye, popülasyonları da 2 kümeye ayırmıştır. Sonuç olarak, temel bileşen ve kümeleme analizi ile Yağlıdere ilçesindeki doğal populasyondaki 105 kestane genotipinin meyve özelliklerine göre fenotipik çeşitliliği ve populasyon ilişkileri genotipler arasındaki fenotipik varyasyonun tamamını açıklamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Castanea sativa , Kümeleme , Korelasyon , Populasyon , Temel bileşen , Varyasyon

Kaynakça

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