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                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Milel ve Nihal</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1304-5482</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2564-6478</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Milel ve Nihal: Eğitim, Kültür ve Düşünce Platformu Derneği</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17131/milel.505012</article-id>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Opposition; to Whom and What? Opposition in Religious Discourse</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Muhalefet, Kime ve Neye: Dinsel Söylemde Muhalefet</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Gündüz</surname>
                                    <given-names>Şinasi</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İLAHİYAT FAKÜLTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20181228">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>28</month>
                    <year>2018</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>15</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>8</fpage>
                                        <lpage>33</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20181008">
                        <day>10</day>
                        <month>08</month>
                        <year>2018</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20181116">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>16</month>
                        <year>2018</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2003, Milel ve Nihal</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2003</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Milel ve Nihal</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Many governments havetried to legitimate themselves by religious discourse and, by doing this,demanded obedience from the society. However, there have been frequent clashesbetween religion and religious groups and the ruling class from the past topresent. The ruling class has declared every movement that does not obey andacts as opponent unlawful, and has tried to destroy. Religious traditions, onthe other hand, take the concept of opposition in two contexts: the first isthe opposition to the supreme being/beings of religion and the values itpredicts. Religion does not accept such opposition and treats it as a deviationand sin. The latter is the opposition to the earthly authorities. Concerningthis each tradition has an understanding due to its concept of authority. Somereligions like Christianity bless the concept of sovereignty, predict obedienceto any government in earth and criticize opposition. The others like Islamaccept God as the absolute authority and the relationship with earthly Powersis addressed in this content. It is consequently considered that everyauthority that does not receive its reference form God and God’s will is nulland unlawful. It is also accepted as a duty for every believer to oppose suchauthorities. The Qur’an, as a matter of fact, gives many examples of theopposition of the prophets to such authorities throughout history</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Birçok iktidar dinden ve dinin bazı kutsallarından hareketle kendisinimeşrulaştırmış ve toplumdan kendilerine itaat istemişlerdir. Bununla birliktegeçmişten günümüze din ve dini gruplarla iktidar sahipleri arasında sıklıklaçatışmalar yaşanmıştır. İktidar kendisine itaat etmeyen ve muhalif davranan herakımı gayrimeşru ilan etmiş ve bir şekilde yok etmeye çalışmıştır. Dinigelenekler muhalefet kavramını iki bağlamda ele alır: bunlardan ilki dininüstün varlıklarına ve öngördüğü değerlere muhalefettir. Din böylesi birmuhalefeti kabul etmez; sapkınlık ve günah olarak görür. İkincisi ise dünyeviegemenlere yönelik muhalefettir. Bunu ise her din kendi iktidar algısındanhareketle tanımlar. Öyle ki egemenliği kutsayan Hıristiyanlık gibi yapılardünyevi iktidarlara itaati öngörür ve muhalefeti eleştirir. İslam gibi dinlerise mutlak otorite olarak Allah’ı kabul ettiğinden dünyevi iktidarla ilişkiyibu bağlamda ele alır. Referansını Allah’tan ve Allah’ın sınırlarından almayanher iktidarı zulüm olarak değerlendirir ve böylesi iktidarlara muhalefetiinanan birey için bir görev addeder. Nitekim Kur’an tarih boyu peygamberlerinböylesi otoritelere karşı yaptıkları muhalefetten birçok örnek verir.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>muhalefet</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  otorite</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  din</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  dinsel söylem</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  İslam</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Hıristiyanlık</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>opposition</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  authority</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  religion</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  religious discourse</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Islam</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Christianity</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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    </article>
