Reform’dan Teokratik Krallığa: Michael Servetus Davası Üzerinden Yeni Bir John Calvin Okuması

Year 2023, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 23 - 55, 30.06.2023

Talha Fortacı

https://doi.org/10.17131/milel.1265235

Abstract

Hıristiyanlıktaki Reform süreci Katolik Kilisesi’ne karşı bir protestoyu temsil etmekte ve çoğu zaman dinî alanda düşünce özgürlüğü bağlamında değerlendirilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, Reform hareketlerine önderlik eden bazı Protestan liderlerin kimi zaman “dinî alanda özgürlük” ve “yalnızca iman” gibi mottolara aykırı tutumlar sergilemiş olmaları bir ironi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Örneğin, Michael Servetus’un (1509-1553) Hıristiyanlık hakkındaki görüşlerine en yüksek sesli tepkiyi veren John Calvin (1509-1564) olmuştur ve aleyhte yürüttüğü faaliyetler sebebiyle Servetus 1553’te Cenevre’de yargılanmış ve diri diri yakılarak öldürülmüştür. Bu makale, özellikle teslis karşıtı düşünceleriyle bilinen Michael Servetus’un infaz edilmesiyle sonuçlanan davada Cenevre’deki Protestan lider John Calvin’in rolünü tartışmaktadır. Zira Katolik Kilisesi’ne eleştirileri ile varlık bulmuş bir hareketin öncülerinden olan Calvin’in farklı seslere nasıl bir yaklaşım sergilediğinin tespit edilmesi önemlidir. Bu doğrultuda, makalede önce Servetus’un Hıristiyanlık anlayışı ele alınmış, akabinde yargılandığı davada John Calvin’in nasıl bir etkisinin olduğu tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

Hristiyanlık, Reform, Protestanlık, Michael Servetus, John Calvin

From the Reformation to the Theocratic Kingdom: A New Reading of John Calvin through the Case of Michael Servetus

Abstract

The reform process in Christianity is a protest against the Catholic Church and is often seen in the context of freedom of thought in the religious sphere. However, it is ironic that some of the Protestant leaders who led the Reformation movements sometimes displayed attitudes that contradicted slogans such as “religious freedom” and “Sola Fide”. For example, John Calvin (1509-1564) was the most vocal opponent of Michael Servetus's (1509-1553) views on Christianity, and Servetus was tried and burned alive in Geneva in 1553 for his activities against Calvin. This article specifically discusses the role of the Protestant leader John Calvin in Geneva in the case that led to the execution of Michael Servetus, who was known for his anti-Trinitarian views. It is crucial to see how a movement that emerged with its criticism against the Catholic Church approached different voices. In this respect, in this study first Servetus's understanding of Christianity was covered, and then how an impact John Calvin had on his trial was discussed.

Keywords

Christianity, Reformation, Protestantism, Michael Servetus, John Calvin

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