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On The Nature of Boredom

Year 2016, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 209 - 220, 30.12.2016

Abstract

Boredom is very common experience and has to date been accompanied by numerous negative psychological, social, academic, occupational and interpersonal problems. Boredom which is a highly complex and multidimensional concept has been conceptualized differently within different paradigms throughout the ages. However, in modern psychology literature, some theorists define it as the opposite feeling to interest and an aversive negative feeling derived from low arousal or from monotonous situational factors (Mikulas &Vodanovich 1993); while some theorists define it as a personality trait or a disposition- proneness to boredom- which refers to the fact that some individuals tend to experience greater boredom than others (Farmer & Sundberg 1986; Vodanovich, Verner, & Gilbride 1991). There are also cognitive, behavioral and psychophysiological components of boredom and recently some individual or personality factors have been found to be associated with boredom. Boredom could also influence the quality of rapport in the psychotherapeutic process and could lead to early termination if it has not been seriously treated. The aim of this paper is to provide a general review of the components and correlates of boredom on the basis of recent studies.

References

  • Anshel M. H. (1991). “A Survey of Elite Athletes on the Perceived Causes of Using Banned Drugs in Sport”. Journal of Sport Behavior 14 (1991) 283-310.
  • Barnett L. A. & Klitzing S. W. (2006). “Boredom in Free Time: Relationships with Personality, Affect, and Motivation for Different Gender, Racial, and Ethnic Students Groups”. Leisure Sciences 28 (2006) 223-244.
  • Blunt A. & Pychyl A. (1998). “Volitional Action and Inaction in the Lives of Undergraduate Students: Statorientation, Procrastinationa and Proneness to Boredom”. Personality and Individual Differences 24/6 (1998) 837-846. Doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00018-X.
  • Britton A. & Shipley M. J. (2010). “Bored to Death?”. International Journal of Epidemiology 39/2 (2010) 370-371.
  • Conroy R. M., Golden J., Jeffares I., O’Neil D. & McGee H. (2010). “Boredom-Proneness, Loneliness, Social Engagement and Depression and Their Association with Cognitive Function in Older People: A Population Study”. Psychology, Health & Medicine 15/4 (2010) 463-473.
  • Conti R. (2001). “Time Flies: Investigating the Connection Between Intrinsic Motivation and the Experience of Time”. Journal of Personality 69/1 (2001) 1-26.
  • Csikszentmihalyi M. (1975). “Play and Intrinsic Rewards”. Journal of Humanistic Psychology 15 (1975) 41-63.
  • Csikszentmihalyi M. (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Performance. New York 1990.
  • Culp N. A. (2006). “The Relations of Two Facets of Boredom Proneness with the Major Dimensions of Personality”. Personality and Individual Differences 41 (2006) 999-1007.
  • Dahlen E. R., Martin R. C., Ragan K. & Kuhlman M. M. (2004). “Boredom Proneness in Anger and Aggression: Effects of İmpulsiveness and Sensation Seeking”. Personality and Individual Differences 37/8 (2004) 1615-1627.
  • Dahlen E. R., Martin R. C., Ragan K. & Kuhlman M. M. (2005). “Driving Anger, Sensation Seeking, Impulsiveness, and Boredom Proneness in the Prediction of Unsafe Driving”. Accident Analysis & Prevention 37/2 (2005) 341-348.
  • Dahlen E. R. & White R. P. (2006). “The Big Five Factors, Sensation Seeking, and Driving Anger in the Prediction of Unsafe Driving”. Personality and Individual Differences 41/5 (2006) 903-915.
  • Damrad-Fyre R. & Laird J. D. (1989). “The Experience of Boredom: The Role of the Self Perception of Attention”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 57/2 (1989) 315-320.
  • Danckert J. A. & Allman A. A. A. (2005). “Time Flies When You’re Having Fun: Temporal Estimation and the Experience of Boredom”. Brain and Cognition 59 (2005) 236-245.
  • Eastwood J. D., Frischen A., Fenske M. J. & Smilek D. (2012). “The Unengaged Mind Defining Boredom in Terms of Attention”. Perspectives on Psychological Science 7/5 (2012) 482-495.
  • Eastwood J. D., Cavaliere C., Fahlman S. A., & Eastwood A. E. (2007) “A Desire for Desires: Boredom and its Relation to Alexithymia”. Personality and Individual Differences 42 (2007) 1035-1045.,
  • Farmer R. & Sundberg N. D. (1986). “Boredom Proneness the Development and Correlates of a New Scale”. Journal of Personality Assessment 50 (1986) 4-17.
  • Fisher C. D. (1993). “Boredom at Work: A Neglected Concept”. Human Relations 46/3 (1993) 395- 417.
  • Frijda N. H. (1986). The Emotions. Cambridge 1986.
  • Garcia D. (2011). “Two Models of Personality and Well-Being Among Adolescents”. Personality and Individual Differences 50/8 (2011) 1208-1212.
  • Harasymchuk C. & Fehr B. (2010). “A Script Analysis of Relational Boredom: Causes, Feelings, and Coping Strategies”. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 29/9 (2010) 988-1019.
  • Harris M. B. (2000). “Correlates and Characteristics of Boredom Proneness and Boredom”. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 30 (2000) 576-598.
  • Heidegger M. (1995). The Fundamental Concept of Metaphysics: World, Finitude, Solitude. Bloomington 1995.

Can Sıkıntısının Doğası

Year 2016, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 209 - 220, 30.12.2016

Abstract

Can sıkıntısı oldukça yaygın bir deneyimdir ve şimdiye kadar pek çok psikolojik, sosyal, akademik, çalışma hayatı ve kişilerarası problemlerle ilişkilendirilmektedir. Can sıkıntısı, oldukça karmaşık ve çok boyutlu bir kavram olup tarih boyunca, farklı paradigmalarda farklı türde kavramsallaştırılmıştır. Ancak modern psikoloji literatüründe, bazı kuramcılar, can sıkıntısını, ilgi duymanın tersi ve düşük uyarılma ya da monoton durumların sonucu olarak hissedilen olumsuz bir duygulanım olarak tanımlarken (Mikulas & Vodanovich 1993), bazı kuramcılar bir tür kişilik ya da bireysel bir özellik/treyt ya da dizpozisyon olarak tariflemektedir (Farmer & Sundberg 1986; Vodanovich et al.1991). Aynı zamanda, bilişsel, davranışsal ve psikofizyolojik bileşenler ile son zamanlarda bazı kişilik özellikleri, can sıkıntısı ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Can sıkıntısı, psikoterapötik süreç içerisinde ilişkinin kalitesini etkileyebilir ve uygun ele alınmazsa erken bırakılmalara yol açabilir. Bu çalışmadaki amaç, yakın zamanlardaki çalışmaları da göz önünde bulundurarak, can sıkıntısının bileşenleri ve ilgili değişkenleri gözden geçirmektir.

References

  • Anshel M. H. (1991). “A Survey of Elite Athletes on the Perceived Causes of Using Banned Drugs in Sport”. Journal of Sport Behavior 14 (1991) 283-310.
  • Barnett L. A. & Klitzing S. W. (2006). “Boredom in Free Time: Relationships with Personality, Affect, and Motivation for Different Gender, Racial, and Ethnic Students Groups”. Leisure Sciences 28 (2006) 223-244.
  • Blunt A. & Pychyl A. (1998). “Volitional Action and Inaction in the Lives of Undergraduate Students: Statorientation, Procrastinationa and Proneness to Boredom”. Personality and Individual Differences 24/6 (1998) 837-846. Doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00018-X.
  • Britton A. & Shipley M. J. (2010). “Bored to Death?”. International Journal of Epidemiology 39/2 (2010) 370-371.
  • Conroy R. M., Golden J., Jeffares I., O’Neil D. & McGee H. (2010). “Boredom-Proneness, Loneliness, Social Engagement and Depression and Their Association with Cognitive Function in Older People: A Population Study”. Psychology, Health & Medicine 15/4 (2010) 463-473.
  • Conti R. (2001). “Time Flies: Investigating the Connection Between Intrinsic Motivation and the Experience of Time”. Journal of Personality 69/1 (2001) 1-26.
  • Csikszentmihalyi M. (1975). “Play and Intrinsic Rewards”. Journal of Humanistic Psychology 15 (1975) 41-63.
  • Csikszentmihalyi M. (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Performance. New York 1990.
  • Culp N. A. (2006). “The Relations of Two Facets of Boredom Proneness with the Major Dimensions of Personality”. Personality and Individual Differences 41 (2006) 999-1007.
  • Dahlen E. R., Martin R. C., Ragan K. & Kuhlman M. M. (2004). “Boredom Proneness in Anger and Aggression: Effects of İmpulsiveness and Sensation Seeking”. Personality and Individual Differences 37/8 (2004) 1615-1627.
  • Dahlen E. R., Martin R. C., Ragan K. & Kuhlman M. M. (2005). “Driving Anger, Sensation Seeking, Impulsiveness, and Boredom Proneness in the Prediction of Unsafe Driving”. Accident Analysis & Prevention 37/2 (2005) 341-348.
  • Dahlen E. R. & White R. P. (2006). “The Big Five Factors, Sensation Seeking, and Driving Anger in the Prediction of Unsafe Driving”. Personality and Individual Differences 41/5 (2006) 903-915.
  • Damrad-Fyre R. & Laird J. D. (1989). “The Experience of Boredom: The Role of the Self Perception of Attention”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 57/2 (1989) 315-320.
  • Danckert J. A. & Allman A. A. A. (2005). “Time Flies When You’re Having Fun: Temporal Estimation and the Experience of Boredom”. Brain and Cognition 59 (2005) 236-245.
  • Eastwood J. D., Frischen A., Fenske M. J. & Smilek D. (2012). “The Unengaged Mind Defining Boredom in Terms of Attention”. Perspectives on Psychological Science 7/5 (2012) 482-495.
  • Eastwood J. D., Cavaliere C., Fahlman S. A., & Eastwood A. E. (2007) “A Desire for Desires: Boredom and its Relation to Alexithymia”. Personality and Individual Differences 42 (2007) 1035-1045.,
  • Farmer R. & Sundberg N. D. (1986). “Boredom Proneness the Development and Correlates of a New Scale”. Journal of Personality Assessment 50 (1986) 4-17.
  • Fisher C. D. (1993). “Boredom at Work: A Neglected Concept”. Human Relations 46/3 (1993) 395- 417.
  • Frijda N. H. (1986). The Emotions. Cambridge 1986.
  • Garcia D. (2011). “Two Models of Personality and Well-Being Among Adolescents”. Personality and Individual Differences 50/8 (2011) 1208-1212.
  • Harasymchuk C. & Fehr B. (2010). “A Script Analysis of Relational Boredom: Causes, Feelings, and Coping Strategies”. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 29/9 (2010) 988-1019.
  • Harris M. B. (2000). “Correlates and Characteristics of Boredom Proneness and Boredom”. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 30 (2000) 576-598.
  • Heidegger M. (1995). The Fundamental Concept of Metaphysics: World, Finitude, Solitude. Bloomington 1995.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Social and Personality Psychology (Other)
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Pınar Dursun

Publication Date December 30, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Dursun, P. (2016). On The Nature of Boredom. Akdeniz İnsani Bilimler Dergisi, 6(2), 209-220.
Adres:
Akdeniz İnsani Bilimler Dergisi
Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi
07058 Kampüs, Antalya / TÜRKİYE
E-Posta:
mjh@akdeniz.edu.tr