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Biliş Ve İnanç: Komplo Teorilerine İnanç, Düşünme İhtiyaci, Ekolojik Zeka, Bilişsel Yansima Ve İklim Değişikliği İnkarinin İlişkisi

Year 2024, Volume: 14, 79 - 95, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.13114/mjh.1430776

Abstract

Bu çalışma temelde farklı inanç boyutları ile kişisel özelliklerin karşılaştırmasını içermektedir. Bu inançlar için, kurgusal epistemik inançlar, iklim değişikliğini inkar yer alırken, bireysel farklılıklar boyutunda bilişsel yansıma, düşünme ihtiyacı, ekolojik zeka, bilim inancı, politik ve dini tutum ve belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük yer almaktadır. Grup karşılaştırmasında katılımcıların eğitim formasyonu (sözel, sayısal) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, deneysel olmayan türde, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri gözlemlemek için korelasyon yöntemi, yarı deneysel türde, farklı bilimsel eğitim bölümünde (sosyoloji, fizyoterapi) yer alan grupları karşılaştırmak için Mann Whitney U testi analizleri kullanılmıştır. Kurgusal epistemik inançlar ve iklim değişikliği inkarı, bilişsel yansıma, düşünme ihtiyacı, ekolojik zeka ve belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiş, korelasyonel bulgular sunulmuştur. Bilimsel eğitim farkına göre gruplar arasında analitik/sezgisel bilişsel stil açısından anlamlı farklar gözlenmiştir. . Öne çıkan sonuçlar, kişilerin inançları, düşünce stilleri ve tutumları arasındaki çeşitli ilişkileri göstermekte, farklı bölümlerde okuyan bireyler arasında düşünce stilleri, inançlar ve tutumlar açısından çeşitli farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bulgular literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır.

References

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  • Alper S. Elcil T. Karaca N. Bayrak, F. & Yılmaz O. 2023, Fictitious Conspiracy, Paranormal, and Pseudoscience Beliefs are Closely Related to Their Regular Counterparts. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7sfk8.
  • “Cognitive Style”. (2023). In APA Dictionary of Psychology. Kaynak: https://dictionary.apa.org/cognitive-style. “Belief”. (2023). In Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Kaynak: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ belief/.
  • Bensley D. A. Masciocchi C. M. & Rowan K. A. 2021, A comprehensive assessment of explicit critical thinking instruction on recognition of thinking errors and psychological misconceptions. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology, 7/2, 107–122, https://doi.org/10.1037/stl0000188.
  • Bowers C. A. 2010, Educational reforms that foster ecological intelligence. Teacher Education Quarterly, 37/4, 9–31, Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ904897.pdf
  • Cacioppo J. T. & Petty R. E. 1982, The Need for Cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42/1, 116-131.
  • Cacioppo, J. T. Petty R. E. Feinstein J. A. & Jarvis B. G. 1996, Dispositional Differences in Cognitive Motivation: The Life and Times of Individuals Varying in Need for Cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 119/2, 197-253.
  • Capra F. 2005, Speaking nature’s language: Principles for sustainability. In M.Stone & Z. Barlow (Eds.), Ecological literacy: Educating our children for a Sustainable world (pp. 18–29). San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books.
  • Carleton R. N. Norton M. A. P. J. & Asmundson G. J. G. 2007, Fearing the unknown: A short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21/1, 105–117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.014.
  • Campitelli G. & Gerrans P. 2014, Does the cognitive reflection test measure cognitive reflection? A mathematical modeling approach. Memory & Cognition, 42/3, 434-447, https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-013-0367-9.
  • Čavojová V. Šrol J. & Mikušková E. B. 2023, Scientific reasoning is associated with rejection of unfounded health beliefs and adherence to evidence-based regulations during the Covid-19 pandemic. Current Psychology, 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04284-y.
  • Crigger N. J. 1996, Testing an uncertainty model for women with multiple sclerosis. Advanced in Nursing Science, 18/3, 37-47.
  • Diethelm P. McKee M. 2008, Denialism: what is it and how should scientists respond?. The European Journal of Public Health. 19/1, 2–4, doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckn139. ISSN 1101-1262.
  • Eryaman M. Y. Yalcin-Ozdilek S. Okur E. Cetinkaya Z. & Uygun S. 2010, A participatory action research study of nature education in nature: Towards community-based eco-pedagogy. International Journal of Progressive Education, 6/3, 26–37.
  • Frosch C. & Simms V. 2015, Understanding the role of reasoning ability in mathematical achievement. In Euroasianpacific joint conference on cognitive science. In Proceedings of the EuroAsianPacific Joint Conference on Cognitive Science (pp. 633-638). https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1107.2727.
  • Gómez-Veiga I. Vila Chaves J. O. Duque G. & García Madruga J. A. 2018, A new look to a classic issue: Reasoning and academic achievement at secondary school. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 400, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00400.
  • Guler T. 2009, The effects of an ecology based environmental education on teachers’ opinions about environmental education. Education and Science, 34/151, 30–42.
  • Gülgöz S. & Sadowski C. J. 1995, Düşünme İhtiyacı Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlaması ve Öğrenci Başarı Göstergeleri ile Korelasyonu, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10/35, 15-24.
  • Hakkinen K. & Akrami N. 2014, Ideology and climate change denial. Personality and Individual Differences, 70, 62–65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.06.030.
  • Frederick S. 2005, Cognitive reflection and decision making. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19/4, 25–42, https://doi.org/10.1257/089533005775196732.
  • JASP Team 2024, JASP (Version 0.18.3)[Computer software].
  • Karakelle S. 2012, Üst Bilişsel Farkındalık, Zekâ, Problem Çözme Algısı ve Düşünme İhtiyacı Arasındaki Bağlantılar.
  • Eğitim ve Bilim, 37/164, http://egitimvebilim.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/view/779. Kıral Uçar G. Gezici Yalçın M. & Özdemir G. 2019, İklim değişikliği inkârının ekolojik adil dünya inancı ve sosyal baskınlık yönelimi ile ilişkisi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20/37, 739-764.
  • Kryjevskaia M. Stetzer M. R. Lindsey B. A. McInerny A. Heron P. R. & Boudreaux A. 2020, Designing research-based instructional materials that leverage dual-process theories of reasoning: Insights from testing one specific, theory-driven intervention. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 16/2, 020-140, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.16.020140.
  • Lobato E. Mendoza J. Sims V. & Chin M. 2014, Examining the relationship between conspiracy theories, paranormal beliefs, and pseudoscience acceptance among a university population. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 28/5, 617-625, https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3042.
  • Okur-Berberoglu E. 2020, An Ecological Intelligence Scale Intended for Adults. World Futures, 76/3, 133–152, https://doi.org/10.1080/02604027.2020.1730735.
  • Pennycook G. Fugelsang J. A. & Koehler D. J. 2015, Everyday consequences of analytic thinking. Current directions in psychological science, 24/6, 425-432, https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721415604610.
  • Powell J. L. 2011, The inquisition of climate science. New York: Columbia university press. ISBN 978-0-231-15718-6.
  • Sarıçam H. Erguvan F. M. Akın A. & Akça M. Ş. 2014, Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği (BTÖ-12) Türkçe Formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 1/3, 148-157.
  • Shtulman A. & McCallum K. 2014, Cognitive reflection predicts science understanding. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.
  • Sirota M. & Juanchich M. 2018, Effect of response format on cognitive reflection: Validating a two- and four-option multiple choice question version of the Cognitive Reflection Test. Behavior Research Methods, 50/6, 2511–2522, https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-018-1029-4.
  • Šrol J. 2022, Individual differences in epistemically suspect beliefs: the role of analytic thinking and susceptibility to cognitive biases. Thinking & Reasoning, 28/1, 125-162, https://doi.org/10.1080/ 13546783.2021.1938220.
  • Stanovich K.E. & West R.F. 2000, Individual Differences in Reasoning: Implications for the Rationality Debate. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23, 645-726, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00003435.
  • Sterling S. 2009, Ecological intelligence in the handbook of sustainability literacy (Chapter 10, pp. 77–83). Retrieved from http://www.uvm.edu/_lpolya/ENVS%20189/readings/Ecological%20Intelligence.pdf.
  • Swami V. Coles R. Stieger S. Pietschnig J. Furnham A. Rehim S. & Voracek M. 2011, Conspiracist ideation in Britain and Austria: Evidence of a monological belief system and associations between individual psychological differences and real-world and fictitious conspiracy theories. British Journal of Psychology, 102/3, 443-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.2010.02004.x.
  • Toplak M. E. West R. F. & Stanovich K. E. 2011, The cognitive reflection test as a predictor of performance on heuristics-and-biases tasks. Memory & Cognition, 39/7, 1275–1289,https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-011-0104-1.
  • Toplak M. E. West R. F. & Stanovich K. E. 2014, Assessing miserly information processing: An expansion of the cognitive reflection test. Thinking & Reasoning, 20/2, 147–168, https://doi.org/ 10.1080/13546783.2013.844729.
Year 2024, Volume: 14, 79 - 95, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.13114/mjh.1430776

Abstract

References

  • Alper S. Bayrak F. & Yılmaz O. 2020, Psychological correlates of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and preventive measures: Evidence from Turkey. Current Psychology, 40/11, 5708–5717, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00903-0.
  • Alper S. Elcil T. Karaca N. Bayrak, F. & Yılmaz O. 2023, Fictitious Conspiracy, Paranormal, and Pseudoscience Beliefs are Closely Related to Their Regular Counterparts. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7sfk8.
  • “Cognitive Style”. (2023). In APA Dictionary of Psychology. Kaynak: https://dictionary.apa.org/cognitive-style. “Belief”. (2023). In Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Kaynak: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ belief/.
  • Bensley D. A. Masciocchi C. M. & Rowan K. A. 2021, A comprehensive assessment of explicit critical thinking instruction on recognition of thinking errors and psychological misconceptions. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology, 7/2, 107–122, https://doi.org/10.1037/stl0000188.
  • Bowers C. A. 2010, Educational reforms that foster ecological intelligence. Teacher Education Quarterly, 37/4, 9–31, Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ904897.pdf
  • Cacioppo J. T. & Petty R. E. 1982, The Need for Cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42/1, 116-131.
  • Cacioppo, J. T. Petty R. E. Feinstein J. A. & Jarvis B. G. 1996, Dispositional Differences in Cognitive Motivation: The Life and Times of Individuals Varying in Need for Cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 119/2, 197-253.
  • Capra F. 2005, Speaking nature’s language: Principles for sustainability. In M.Stone & Z. Barlow (Eds.), Ecological literacy: Educating our children for a Sustainable world (pp. 18–29). San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books.
  • Carleton R. N. Norton M. A. P. J. & Asmundson G. J. G. 2007, Fearing the unknown: A short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21/1, 105–117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.014.
  • Campitelli G. & Gerrans P. 2014, Does the cognitive reflection test measure cognitive reflection? A mathematical modeling approach. Memory & Cognition, 42/3, 434-447, https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-013-0367-9.
  • Čavojová V. Šrol J. & Mikušková E. B. 2023, Scientific reasoning is associated with rejection of unfounded health beliefs and adherence to evidence-based regulations during the Covid-19 pandemic. Current Psychology, 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04284-y.
  • Crigger N. J. 1996, Testing an uncertainty model for women with multiple sclerosis. Advanced in Nursing Science, 18/3, 37-47.
  • Diethelm P. McKee M. 2008, Denialism: what is it and how should scientists respond?. The European Journal of Public Health. 19/1, 2–4, doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckn139. ISSN 1101-1262.
  • Eryaman M. Y. Yalcin-Ozdilek S. Okur E. Cetinkaya Z. & Uygun S. 2010, A participatory action research study of nature education in nature: Towards community-based eco-pedagogy. International Journal of Progressive Education, 6/3, 26–37.
  • Frosch C. & Simms V. 2015, Understanding the role of reasoning ability in mathematical achievement. In Euroasianpacific joint conference on cognitive science. In Proceedings of the EuroAsianPacific Joint Conference on Cognitive Science (pp. 633-638). https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1107.2727.
  • Gómez-Veiga I. Vila Chaves J. O. Duque G. & García Madruga J. A. 2018, A new look to a classic issue: Reasoning and academic achievement at secondary school. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 400, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00400.
  • Guler T. 2009, The effects of an ecology based environmental education on teachers’ opinions about environmental education. Education and Science, 34/151, 30–42.
  • Gülgöz S. & Sadowski C. J. 1995, Düşünme İhtiyacı Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlaması ve Öğrenci Başarı Göstergeleri ile Korelasyonu, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10/35, 15-24.
  • Hakkinen K. & Akrami N. 2014, Ideology and climate change denial. Personality and Individual Differences, 70, 62–65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.06.030.
  • Frederick S. 2005, Cognitive reflection and decision making. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19/4, 25–42, https://doi.org/10.1257/089533005775196732.
  • JASP Team 2024, JASP (Version 0.18.3)[Computer software].
  • Karakelle S. 2012, Üst Bilişsel Farkındalık, Zekâ, Problem Çözme Algısı ve Düşünme İhtiyacı Arasındaki Bağlantılar.
  • Eğitim ve Bilim, 37/164, http://egitimvebilim.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/view/779. Kıral Uçar G. Gezici Yalçın M. & Özdemir G. 2019, İklim değişikliği inkârının ekolojik adil dünya inancı ve sosyal baskınlık yönelimi ile ilişkisi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20/37, 739-764.
  • Kryjevskaia M. Stetzer M. R. Lindsey B. A. McInerny A. Heron P. R. & Boudreaux A. 2020, Designing research-based instructional materials that leverage dual-process theories of reasoning: Insights from testing one specific, theory-driven intervention. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 16/2, 020-140, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.16.020140.
  • Lobato E. Mendoza J. Sims V. & Chin M. 2014, Examining the relationship between conspiracy theories, paranormal beliefs, and pseudoscience acceptance among a university population. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 28/5, 617-625, https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3042.
  • Okur-Berberoglu E. 2020, An Ecological Intelligence Scale Intended for Adults. World Futures, 76/3, 133–152, https://doi.org/10.1080/02604027.2020.1730735.
  • Pennycook G. Fugelsang J. A. & Koehler D. J. 2015, Everyday consequences of analytic thinking. Current directions in psychological science, 24/6, 425-432, https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721415604610.
  • Powell J. L. 2011, The inquisition of climate science. New York: Columbia university press. ISBN 978-0-231-15718-6.
  • Sarıçam H. Erguvan F. M. Akın A. & Akça M. Ş. 2014, Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği (BTÖ-12) Türkçe Formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 1/3, 148-157.
  • Shtulman A. & McCallum K. 2014, Cognitive reflection predicts science understanding. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.
  • Sirota M. & Juanchich M. 2018, Effect of response format on cognitive reflection: Validating a two- and four-option multiple choice question version of the Cognitive Reflection Test. Behavior Research Methods, 50/6, 2511–2522, https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-018-1029-4.
  • Šrol J. 2022, Individual differences in epistemically suspect beliefs: the role of analytic thinking and susceptibility to cognitive biases. Thinking & Reasoning, 28/1, 125-162, https://doi.org/10.1080/ 13546783.2021.1938220.
  • Stanovich K.E. & West R.F. 2000, Individual Differences in Reasoning: Implications for the Rationality Debate. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23, 645-726, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00003435.
  • Sterling S. 2009, Ecological intelligence in the handbook of sustainability literacy (Chapter 10, pp. 77–83). Retrieved from http://www.uvm.edu/_lpolya/ENVS%20189/readings/Ecological%20Intelligence.pdf.
  • Swami V. Coles R. Stieger S. Pietschnig J. Furnham A. Rehim S. & Voracek M. 2011, Conspiracist ideation in Britain and Austria: Evidence of a monological belief system and associations between individual psychological differences and real-world and fictitious conspiracy theories. British Journal of Psychology, 102/3, 443-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.2010.02004.x.
  • Toplak M. E. West R. F. & Stanovich K. E. 2011, The cognitive reflection test as a predictor of performance on heuristics-and-biases tasks. Memory & Cognition, 39/7, 1275–1289,https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-011-0104-1.
  • Toplak M. E. West R. F. & Stanovich K. E. 2014, Assessing miserly information processing: An expansion of the cognitive reflection test. Thinking & Reasoning, 20/2, 147–168, https://doi.org/ 10.1080/13546783.2013.844729.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Personality and Individual Differences
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Gökhan Şahin 0000-0002-6479-7018

Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date February 2, 2024
Acceptance Date June 27, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 14

Cite

APA Şahin, G. (2024). Biliş Ve İnanç: Komplo Teorilerine İnanç, Düşünme İhtiyaci, Ekolojik Zeka, Bilişsel Yansima Ve İklim Değişikliği İnkarinin İlişkisi. Akdeniz İnsani Bilimler Dergisi, 14, 79-95. https://doi.org/10.13114/mjh.1430776
Adres:
Akdeniz İnsani Bilimler Dergisi
Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi
07058 Kampüs, Antalya / TÜRKİYE
E-Posta:
mjh@akdeniz.edu.tr