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The Comparison of the Premenstrual Syndrome Patients with and without COVID-19 History

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 65 - 71, 28.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.29058/mjwbs.1021452

Abstract

Aim: The term premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is used to define somatic, cognitive, emotional, and
behavioural disorders that emerge during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and rapidly recover
with the onset of menstruation. The aim of this study was to investigate PMS symptoms in women who
were sensitive psychosocially because of pandemic restrictions.
Material and Methods: The study included a total of 187 women aged 18-50 years who presented at
the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department of Turhal State Hospital between June 2021 and August
2021. The women were separated into two groups as 66 who had contracted and recovered from
COVID-19 infection within the previous 6 months and 121 who had not had COVID-19 infection. The
PMS Scale was applied to all the patients.
Results: The rates of complaints of changes in appetite (p=0.004), depressive mood (p=0.002),
depressive thoughts (p=0.001), fatigue (p=0.001), changes in sleep (p=0.002), anxiety (p=0.036) and
menstrual irregularity (p=0.003) were determined to be statistically significantly higher in the COVID-19
group compared to the group that had not had COVID-19.
Conclusion: The PMS complaints of changes in appetite, depressive mood, depressive thoughts,
fatigue, changes in sleep, anxiety and menstrual irregularity were experienced more in the women who
had had COVID-19. Therefore, the PMS complaints of women during the COVID-19 pandemic should
be listened to carefully and it must be taken into consideration that these can be more significant in
patients who have contracted COVID-19 infection. .

References

  • 1. Gudipally PR, Sharma GK. Premenstrual Syndrome. In: StatPearls (Internet). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021Jan.PMID: 32809533.
  • 2. Özdel K, Kervancıoğlu A, Taymur İ, Efe C, Türkçapar AF, Güriz SO. Aybaşı öncesi belirtileri tarama gereci: DSM-5 aybaşı öncesi disfori bozukluğunu taramada kullanışlı bir gereç. Journal of Clinical and Analytical Medicine 2015;6:581-585. https://doi.org/10.4328/JCAM.2314.
  • 3. Shiferaw MT, Wubshet M, Tegabu D. Menstrual problems and associated factors among students of Bahir Dar University, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional survey. Pan African Medical Journal 2014;17:246. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2014.17.246.2230.
  • 4. Direkvand-Moghadam A, Sayehmiri K, Delpisheh A, Kaikhavandi S. Epidemiology of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)-a systematic review and meta-analysis study. J Clin Diagn Res 2014;8:106-109. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/8024.4021.
  • 5. Al-Shahrani AM,Miskeen E , Shroff F, Elnour S, Algahtani R, Youssry I. Premenstrual Syndrome and Its Impact on the Quality of Life of Female Medical Students at Bisha University, Saudi Arabia. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021Aug27;14:2373-2279. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S327893.
  • 6. Sahin S, Özdemir K, Unsal A. Evaluation of premenstrual syndrome and quality of life in university students. J Pak Med Assoc 2014;64:915-922. PMID: 25252518.
  • 7. Cheng SH, Sun ZJ, Lee IH, Shih CC, Chen KC, Lin SH. Perception of premenstrual syndrome and attitude of evaluations of work performance among incoming university female students. Biomed J 2015;38:167-172. DOI: 10.4103/2319-4170.138319.
  • 8. Pereira D, Pessoa AR, Madeira N. et al. Association between premenstrual dysphoric disorder and perinatal depression: a systematic review. Arch Womens Ment Health 25, 61–70 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-021-01177-6.
  • 9. Dutta A , Sharma A . Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Promot Perspect 2021May19;11(2):161-170. doi: 10.34172/hpp.2021.20.
  • 10. Yan J, Guo J, Fan C, Juan J, Yu X, Li J. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnant women: A report based on 116 cases. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecolog 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.014.
  • 11. Ölçer Z, Bakır N, Aslan E. Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Kişilik Özelliklerinin Premenstrual Şikâyetlere Etkisi. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 7 (2017 ): 30-37.
  • 12. Gençdoğan, B. Premenstruel sendrom için yeni bir ölçek. Türkiye Psikiyatri Dergisi 2006;8:81-7.
  • 13. Antai AB, Udezi AW, Ekanem EE, Okon UJ, UmoiyohoAU. Premenstrual Syndrome: Prevalence in Students ofthe University of Calabar, Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Research 2004;7:45-50. DOI: 10.4314/ajbr.v7i2.54067.
  • 14. Eldeebv SM, Eladl AM, Elshabrawy A, Youssef AM, Ibrahim MH. Prevalence, phenomenology and personality characteristics of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among female students at Zagazig University, Egypt. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2021Aug30;13:1-9. doi: 10.4102/phcfm.v13i1.2924. doi: 10.4102/phcfm.v13i1.2924.
  • 15. Tenforde MW, Kim SS, Lindsell CJ, Rose EB, Shapiro NI, Files DC. Symptom Duration and Risk Factors for Delayed Return to UsualHealth Among Outpatients with COVID-19 in a Multi- State HealthCare Systems Network - United States, March- June 2020. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6930e1.
  • 16. Petersen MS, Kristiansen MF, Hanusson KD, Danielsen ME, Ásteig B, Gaini S. Long COVID in the Faroe Islands - a longitudinalstudy among non-hospitalized patients. Clin Infect Dis 2020Nov30:ciaa1792. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1792.
  • 17. Phelan N, Behan LA and Owens L. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women’s Reproductive Health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:642-755. doi: 10.3389/ fendo.2021.642755.
  • 18. Gaion PA, Vieira LF. Influence of personality on premenstrual syndrome in athletes. Span J Psychol 2011;14:336-343. doi:10.5209/rev_SJOP.2011.v14.n1.30.
  • 19. Sassoon SA, Colrain IM, Baker FC. Personality disorders in women with severe premenstrual syndrome. Arch Womens Ment Health 2011;14:257-264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737- 011-0212-8.
  • 20. Slyepchenko A , Minuzzi L , Frey BN.Comorbid Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and Bipolar Disorder: A Review. Front Psychiatry 2021Aug25;12:719241.doi: 10.3389/ fpsyt.2021.719241. 21. Wong LP, Khoo EM. Menstrual-related attitudes and symptoms
  • among multi-racial Asian adolescent females. Int J Behav Med 2011;18:246-253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-010-9091-z.
  • 22. Freitas FDF, de Medeiros ACQ, Lopes FA. Effects of Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Anxiety and Eating Behavior-A Longitudinal Study. Front Psychol 2021;12:645-754. Published 2021 Jun 1. doi:10.3389/ fpsyg.2021.645754
  • 23. Şahin B, Şahin B, Karlı P, Sel G, Hatırnaz Ş, Kara OF. Level of depression and hopelessness among women with infertility during the outbreak of COVID-19: a cross-sectional investigation. ClinExpObstetGynecol. 2021;48(3):594-600. DOI:10.31083/j.ceog.2021.03.2435.
  • 24. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int JEnviron Res Public Health 2020;17:1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph17051729.
  • 25. Cheng MH, Hsu CY, Wang SJW, Lee SJ, Wang PH, Fuh JL. The relationship of self-reported sleep disturbance, mood, and menopause in a community study. Menopause 2008;15(5):958- 962. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e318160dafa.
  • 26. Kabeloğlu V, Gül G. COVID-19 Salgını Sırasında Uyku Kalitesi ve İlişkili Sosyal ve Psikolojik Faktörlerin Araştırılması. Journal Of Turkish Sleep Medicine 2021;2:97-104. DOI: 10.4274/jtsm. galenos.2021.53244.
  • 27. Hofmeıster S, Bodden S. Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. American Family Physician2016;94:236-240. PMID: 27479626.

COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinin Kadınlardaki Premenstruel Sendrom Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 65 - 71, 28.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.29058/mjwbs.1021452

Abstract

Amaç: Menstrüel siklusun luteal faz sırasında ortaya çıkıp, menstruasyonun başlamasıyla hızla düzelen somatik, bilişsel, duygusal ve davranışsal bozuklukları tanımlamak için premenstrual sendrom (PMS) tanımı kullanılmaktadır. COVID-19 pandemisi ise tıbbi, psikolojik ve sosyal-ekonomik yönleriyle küresel halk sağlığı sorununa neden olan bir kriz durumudur. Bu çalışmada pandemi döneminde kısıtlamalara bağlı olarak psikososyal yönden hassas olan kadınların PMS semptomlarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Haziran 2021 ile Ağustos 2021 tarihleri arasında Turhal Devlet Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Polikliniği’ne; 18-50 yaş aralığında olan 187 kadın çalışmaya dahil edildi. Kadınlar son 6 ay içerisinde COVID-19 hastalığı geçiren ve iyileşen 66 kadın ile COVID-19 hastalığı geçirmeyen 121 kadın olmak üzere iki ayrı gruba ayrıldı. Gruplar; yaş, gravida, parite, medeni hal, vücut kitle endeksi (vki), sigara kullanımı, hirsutizm varlığı, oral kontraseptif (oks) kullanımı, emzirme durumu, rahim içi araç (ria) kullanımı, menstrüel düzen ve dismenore varlığı açısından PMS Ölçeği (PMSÖ) kullanılarak karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: COVID-19 pandemisi ile birlikte iştah değişikliği (p=0.004), depresif duygulanım (p=0.002), depresif düşünceler (p=0.001), yorgunluk (p=0,001), anksiyete (p=0.036) ve uyku değişiklikleri (p=0,002) şikayetlerinin COVID-19 hastalığı geçiren grupta, COVID-19 hastalığı geçirmeyen gruba göre belirgin olarak daha yüksek oranda saptandı. Ayrıca menstrüel düzen hali COVID-19 geçirmeyen kadınlarda COVID-19 geçiren kadınlara göre daha yüksek oranda görüldü (p=0,003).
Sonuç: PMS şikayetleri arasında yer alan iştah değişikliği, depresif duygulanım, depresif düşünceler, yorgunluk, uyku değişiklikleri ve menstrüel düzensizlik şikayetlerinin COVID-19 geçirenlerde daha yoğun yaşanmaktadır. Bu nedenle COVID-19 pandemisinde kadınların PMS şikayetleri dikkatle dinlenmeli ve bunların geçirilmiş COVID-19 hastalığı ile daha belirgin olabileceği göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.

References

  • 1. Gudipally PR, Sharma GK. Premenstrual Syndrome. In: StatPearls (Internet). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021Jan.PMID: 32809533.
  • 2. Özdel K, Kervancıoğlu A, Taymur İ, Efe C, Türkçapar AF, Güriz SO. Aybaşı öncesi belirtileri tarama gereci: DSM-5 aybaşı öncesi disfori bozukluğunu taramada kullanışlı bir gereç. Journal of Clinical and Analytical Medicine 2015;6:581-585. https://doi.org/10.4328/JCAM.2314.
  • 3. Shiferaw MT, Wubshet M, Tegabu D. Menstrual problems and associated factors among students of Bahir Dar University, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional survey. Pan African Medical Journal 2014;17:246. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2014.17.246.2230.
  • 4. Direkvand-Moghadam A, Sayehmiri K, Delpisheh A, Kaikhavandi S. Epidemiology of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)-a systematic review and meta-analysis study. J Clin Diagn Res 2014;8:106-109. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/8024.4021.
  • 5. Al-Shahrani AM,Miskeen E , Shroff F, Elnour S, Algahtani R, Youssry I. Premenstrual Syndrome and Its Impact on the Quality of Life of Female Medical Students at Bisha University, Saudi Arabia. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021Aug27;14:2373-2279. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S327893.
  • 6. Sahin S, Özdemir K, Unsal A. Evaluation of premenstrual syndrome and quality of life in university students. J Pak Med Assoc 2014;64:915-922. PMID: 25252518.
  • 7. Cheng SH, Sun ZJ, Lee IH, Shih CC, Chen KC, Lin SH. Perception of premenstrual syndrome and attitude of evaluations of work performance among incoming university female students. Biomed J 2015;38:167-172. DOI: 10.4103/2319-4170.138319.
  • 8. Pereira D, Pessoa AR, Madeira N. et al. Association between premenstrual dysphoric disorder and perinatal depression: a systematic review. Arch Womens Ment Health 25, 61–70 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-021-01177-6.
  • 9. Dutta A , Sharma A . Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Promot Perspect 2021May19;11(2):161-170. doi: 10.34172/hpp.2021.20.
  • 10. Yan J, Guo J, Fan C, Juan J, Yu X, Li J. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnant women: A report based on 116 cases. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecolog 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.014.
  • 11. Ölçer Z, Bakır N, Aslan E. Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Kişilik Özelliklerinin Premenstrual Şikâyetlere Etkisi. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 7 (2017 ): 30-37.
  • 12. Gençdoğan, B. Premenstruel sendrom için yeni bir ölçek. Türkiye Psikiyatri Dergisi 2006;8:81-7.
  • 13. Antai AB, Udezi AW, Ekanem EE, Okon UJ, UmoiyohoAU. Premenstrual Syndrome: Prevalence in Students ofthe University of Calabar, Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Research 2004;7:45-50. DOI: 10.4314/ajbr.v7i2.54067.
  • 14. Eldeebv SM, Eladl AM, Elshabrawy A, Youssef AM, Ibrahim MH. Prevalence, phenomenology and personality characteristics of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among female students at Zagazig University, Egypt. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2021Aug30;13:1-9. doi: 10.4102/phcfm.v13i1.2924. doi: 10.4102/phcfm.v13i1.2924.
  • 15. Tenforde MW, Kim SS, Lindsell CJ, Rose EB, Shapiro NI, Files DC. Symptom Duration and Risk Factors for Delayed Return to UsualHealth Among Outpatients with COVID-19 in a Multi- State HealthCare Systems Network - United States, March- June 2020. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6930e1.
  • 16. Petersen MS, Kristiansen MF, Hanusson KD, Danielsen ME, Ásteig B, Gaini S. Long COVID in the Faroe Islands - a longitudinalstudy among non-hospitalized patients. Clin Infect Dis 2020Nov30:ciaa1792. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1792.
  • 17. Phelan N, Behan LA and Owens L. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women’s Reproductive Health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:642-755. doi: 10.3389/ fendo.2021.642755.
  • 18. Gaion PA, Vieira LF. Influence of personality on premenstrual syndrome in athletes. Span J Psychol 2011;14:336-343. doi:10.5209/rev_SJOP.2011.v14.n1.30.
  • 19. Sassoon SA, Colrain IM, Baker FC. Personality disorders in women with severe premenstrual syndrome. Arch Womens Ment Health 2011;14:257-264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737- 011-0212-8.
  • 20. Slyepchenko A , Minuzzi L , Frey BN.Comorbid Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and Bipolar Disorder: A Review. Front Psychiatry 2021Aug25;12:719241.doi: 10.3389/ fpsyt.2021.719241. 21. Wong LP, Khoo EM. Menstrual-related attitudes and symptoms
  • among multi-racial Asian adolescent females. Int J Behav Med 2011;18:246-253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-010-9091-z.
  • 22. Freitas FDF, de Medeiros ACQ, Lopes FA. Effects of Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Anxiety and Eating Behavior-A Longitudinal Study. Front Psychol 2021;12:645-754. Published 2021 Jun 1. doi:10.3389/ fpsyg.2021.645754
  • 23. Şahin B, Şahin B, Karlı P, Sel G, Hatırnaz Ş, Kara OF. Level of depression and hopelessness among women with infertility during the outbreak of COVID-19: a cross-sectional investigation. ClinExpObstetGynecol. 2021;48(3):594-600. DOI:10.31083/j.ceog.2021.03.2435.
  • 24. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int JEnviron Res Public Health 2020;17:1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph17051729.
  • 25. Cheng MH, Hsu CY, Wang SJW, Lee SJ, Wang PH, Fuh JL. The relationship of self-reported sleep disturbance, mood, and menopause in a community study. Menopause 2008;15(5):958- 962. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e318160dafa.
  • 26. Kabeloğlu V, Gül G. COVID-19 Salgını Sırasında Uyku Kalitesi ve İlişkili Sosyal ve Psikolojik Faktörlerin Araştırılması. Journal Of Turkish Sleep Medicine 2021;2:97-104. DOI: 10.4274/jtsm. galenos.2021.53244.
  • 27. Hofmeıster S, Bodden S. Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. American Family Physician2016;94:236-240. PMID: 27479626.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Bugra Sahin 0000-0003-0429-3085

Gizem Cura Şahin 0000-0001-5696-4683

Banuhan Şahin 0000-0002-8711-1584

Publication Date April 28, 2022
Acceptance Date February 8, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Sahin B, Cura Şahin G, Şahin B. The Comparison of the Premenstrual Syndrome Patients with and without COVID-19 History. Med J West Black Sea. 2022;6(1):65-71.

Medical Journal of Western Black Sea is a scientific publication of Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine.

This is a refereed journal, which aims at achieving free knowledge to the national and international organizations and individuals related to medical sciences in publishedand electronic forms.

This journal is published three annually in April, August and December.
The publication language of the journal is Turkish and English.