Mülteci olmak Türkiye'deki Suriyeli kadınların prenatal bağlanma skorlarını etkiliyor mu?

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 47, 254 - 258, 15.12.2022

Şule Yıldırım Köpük , Nida Naci , Yasemin Çekmez

https://doi.org/10.17944/mkutfd.980838

Abstract

Amaç: Prenatal bağlanma; doğum öncesi dönemden başlayan doğumun gerçekleştiği ana kadar olan anne ile bebek arasındaki duygusal bağdır. Bu çalışma ile sığınmacı olmanın prenatal bağlanma üzerindeki etkisini belirlemeyi amaçladık.

Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı kesitsel olarak planlanan çalışmaya üçüncü trimesterdeki 76 Suriye’li göçmen ve 76 Türk olmak üzere toplam 152 gebe dahil edildi. Verilerin toplanmasında 21 sorudan oluşan Prenatal Bağlanma Envanteri (PAE) kullanıldı.

Bulgular: Suriye’ li göçmen gebelerin toplam PAE skoru, Türk gebelerden istatiksel olarak anlamlı derecede düşüktü (60.17 ± 8.9 vs. 63.53 ± 8.3; p=0.019). Eğitim süresi uzun olan gebelerin PAE puanları istatiksel anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (r=0.279 ve p=0.001). Parite ile PAE puanları arasında negatif yönde korelasyon saptandı (r=-0.208 ve p =0.014). PAE skorları ile sırasıyla yaş, gravida ve gebelik haftası arasında ilişki bulunmadı (r=0.021 ve p=0.87; r=-0.123 ve p=0.14; r=0.155 ve p=0.06).

Sonuç: Göçmen olmanın prenatal bağlanma üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisi vardır. Çalışmamız Türkiye’de ve diğer ülkelerde mülteci nüfusuyla ilgili prenatal bağlanmayı arttıracak sağlık politikalarının planlanması ve geliştirilmesine rehberlik edebilir.

Keywords

Göçmen, Bağlanma (Psikoloji), Anne-Bebek Etkileşimi, Bebek Sağlığı

Is being a refugee affect prenatal bonding scores of Syrian women in Turkey?

Abstract

Objective: The development of the bond between mother and infant already starts during prenatal life, which is called prenatal bonding is the emotional tie or the bond that generally develops between the pregnant woman and her unborn child. We aimed at investigating the effect of being a refugee on prenatal bonding.

Method: A total of 152 pregnant women in the third trimester, 76 Syrian refugees and 76 Turkish, were included in the study, which was planned as a descriptive cross-sectional study. Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI), consisting of 21 items, was applied to collect data before delivery.

Results: The total PAI score of Syrian pregnant was significantly lower than Turkish pregnant (60.17±8.9 vs. 63.53±8.3, p=0.019). For those whose education time period was longer, PAI scores were higher (r=0.279 and p <0.001). There was an inverse association between parity and PAI scores (r=-0.208 and p=0.014). There was not any correlation between PAI scores between age, gravida, gestational weeks, respectively (r=0.021 and p=0.87; r=-0.123 and p=0.14; r=0.155 and p=0.06).

Conclusion: Being a refugee has a negative impact on prenatal attachment. The findings of our study could guide the planning and development of health policies in Turkey and other countries that would help to address the situation regarding refugee populations.

Keywords

Refugee, Bonding (Psychology), Mother-Infant Interaction, Infant Well-Being

References

• Alhusen JL. A literature update on maternal-fetal attachment. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 2008; 37(3): 315-328. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552- 6909.2008.00241.x
• Condon JT, Corkindale C. The correlates of antenatal attachment in pregnant women. British Journal of Medical Psychology 1997;70(4): 359-372. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.1997.tb01912.x
• Perrelli JGA, Zambaldi CF, Cantilino A, Sougey EB. Mother-child bonding assessment tools. Revista Paulista de Pediatria 2014; 32: 257-265. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-0582201432318
• McFarland J, Salisbury AL, Battle CL, Hawes K, Halloran K, Lester BM. Major depressive disorder during pregnancy and emotional attachment to the fetus. Archives of Women’s Mental Health 2011; 14(5): 425-434. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00737-011-0237-z
• Lindgren K. Relationships among maternal-fetal attachment, prenatal depression, and health practices in pregnancy. Research in Nursing and Health 2001 Jun;24(3):203-217. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.1023
• TC İçişleri Bakanlığı Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı. URL: https://www.afad.gov.tr.
• Muller ME. Development of the prenatal attachment inventory. Western Journal of Nursing Research 1993;15(2):199-211. https://doi.org/10.1177/019394599301500205
• Yılmaz SD, Beji NK. Turkish Version of Prenatal Attachment Inventory: A Study of Reliability and Validity. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2013(a);16(2):103-109
• Duyan V, Kapısız SG, Yakut Hİ. The Adaptation of Fetal Attachment Inventory To Turkish With A Group Of Pregnant Women. The Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Neonatology 2013;10(39):1609-1614.
• Stewart D, Gagnon A, Saucier J, Wahoush O, Dougherty G. Postpartum depression symptoms in newcomers. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 2008 Feb; 53(2): 121-124. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370805300208
• O’Mahony JM, Donnelly TT, Raffin Bouchal S, Este D. Cultural background and socioeconomic influence of immigrant and refugee women coping with postpartum depression. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 2013 Apr; 15(2): 300-314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-012-9663-x
• Beiser M, Hou F. Language acquisition, unemployment and depressive disorder among southeast Asian refugees: a 10- year study. Social Science Medicine 2001; 53(10): 1321-1334. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00412-3
• Stuchbery M, Matthey S, Barnett B. Postnatal depression and social supports in Vietnamese, Arabic and Anglo-Celtic mothers. Social Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiology 1998; 33(10): 483-490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001270050083
• Shakya S. Factors influencing utilization of maternal neonatal child health (MNCH) services among ethnic groups in Nepal. MA thesis. Mahidol University, Bangkok 2006.
• Teela K, Mullany LC, Lee CI, Poh E, Paw P, Masenior N, et al. Community-based delivery of maternal care in conflict-affected areas of eastern Burma: perspectives from lay maternal health workers. Social Science Medicine 2009; 68(7): 1332-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.01.033
• McGinn T, Austin J, Anfinson K, Amsalu R, Casey SE, Fadulalmula SI, et al. Family planning in conflict: results of cross-sectional baseline surveys in three African countries. Conflict and Health 2011; 13: 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-1505-5-11
• Abasi E, Tahmasebi H, Zafari M, Takami GN. Assessment of effective factors of maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women. Life Science Journal. 2012;9(1): 68-75.
• Schachman KA, Lee RK, Lederma RP. Baby boot camp: facilitating maternal role adaptation among military wives. Nursing Research 2004;53(2):107-15. https://doi. org/10.1097/00006199-200403000-00006
• Ustunsoz A, Guvenc G, Akyuz A, Oflaz F. Comparison of maternal-and paternal-fetal attachment in Turkish couples. Midwifery 2010; 26(2): e1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. midw.2009.12.006
• Kiehl EM, White MA. Maternal adaptation during childbearing in Norway, Sweden and the United States. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences 2003;17(2):96-103. https://doi. org/10.1046/j.1471-6712.2003.00116.x
• Kwon MK, Bang KS. Relationship of prenatal stress and depression to maternal-fetal attachment and fetal growth. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2011; 41(2): 276-83. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.2.276
• Taffazoli M, Aminyazdi SA, Shakeri MT. The Relationship between Maternal-Fetal Attachment and Mother-Infant Attachment Behaviors in Primiparous Women Referring to Mashhad Health Care Centers. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health 2015; 3(2): 318-27. https://doi. org/10.22038/JMRH.2015.3949.