Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

The Contribution of Creative Industries to Development and the Inequalities They Reproduced in South Africa

Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 2 - Creative Industries and Creative Labor, 255 - 280, 15.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.17572/mj2018.2.255280

Abstract

The topic of creative industries, which attained an important place in South African economy with policy regulations, is discussed generally with positive outputs in research reports and articles. However, some research data indicate that the inequalities caused by South African unique historical and social process are reproduced in creative industries. With reference to these, this study examines the topic, which has been discussed for a long time in the literature, in the context of South Africa, and tries to place creative industries’ contribution to the economy, affects on urban development and inequalities they contain within themselves in a historical and sociological context.

References

  • Adorno T. W. ve Horkheimer M. (2002). Dialectic of enlightenment. California: Stanford University Press.
  • Beinart, W. ve Dubow, S. (2003). Segregation and apartheid in twentieth-century South Africa. Erişim https://epdf.tips/segregation-and-apartheid-in-twentieth-century-south-africa-rewriting-histories.html
  • Booyens, I. (2012). Creative industries, inequality and social development: Developments, impacts and challenges in Cape Town. Urban Forum, 23 (1), 43-60. doi: 10.1007/s12132-012-9140-6.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 15-29). Westport, CT: Greenwood.
  • Bradford, N. (2004). Creative cities: Structured policy dialogue backgrounder. Ottawa: Canadian Policy Research Networks. Erişim:
  • https://works.bepress.com/neil_bradford/53/
  • British Council. (2010). Mapping the creative industries: a toolkit. Erişim https://creativeconomy.britishcouncil.org/media/uploads/files/English_mapping_the_creative_industries_a_toolkit_2-2.pdf
  • Clark, N.L.ve Worger, W.H. (2013) South Africa: The rise and fall of the apartheid. New York:Routledge.
  • Cunningham, S. (2004). The creative industries after cultural policy: a genealogy and some possible preferred futures. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 7 (1), 105-115. doi: 10.1177/1367877904040924
  • Department of Arts and Culture. (1996). White paper on arts and culture. Erişim http://www.dac.gov.za/content/white-paper-arts-culture-and-heritage-0
  • Department of Arts and Culture. (2017). Revised white paper on arts, culture and heritage third draft. Erişim:
  • http://www.dac.gov.za/sites/default/files/Legislations%20Files/Revised%203rd%20Draft%20RWP%20on%20ACH%20FEBRUARY%202017_0.pdf
  • Department of Labour South Africa. (2008). The creative industries in South Africa. Erişim:
  • http://www.labour.gov.za/DOL/downloads/documents/researchdocuments/Creative%20Industries_DoL_Report.pdf
  • Dirsuweit, T. (1999). From fortress city to creative city. Urban Forum, 10 (20), 183-213. Erişim https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03036618
  • Florida, R. (2005). Cities and the creative class. New York: Routledge.
  • Graan, M.V. (2005) Towards an understanding of the current nature and scope of the creative industries in the Western Cape. Erişim:
  • https://www.westerncape.gov.za/other/2005/10/cultural_ind_final_first_paper.pdf.
  • Graan, M.V. (2013). Oratio: A non-lawyer’s views on the Revised White Paper on Arts, Culture and Heritage of 2013. PER, 16(3), 23-34. doi: 10.4314/pelj.v16i3.2
  • Graan, M.V. (2016) White Paper on Arts, Culture and Heritage 2016, A Critique. Erişim: 11.11.2018, https://mikevangraan.wordpress.com/2016/12/08/white-paper-on-arts-culture-and-heritage-2016-a-critique/
  • Graan, M.V. (2017). Kültür Politikalarında Gelgitler: Güney Afrika Deneyimi. Yayımlanmamış konferans konuşması, Kültür Politikalarında Gelgitler: Güney Afrika Deneyimi, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Guelke, A. (2005). Rethinking the rise and fall of apartheid. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Harris, J. (2000). Basic principles of sustainable development (Rapor no. 00-04). Massachusetts: Global Development and Environment Institute Tufts University. Erişim:http://ase.tufts.edu/gdae/publications/working_papers/Sustainable%20Development.pdf
  • Lam, D. (1999). Generating Extreme Inequality: Schooling, Earnings and Inter-generational Transmission of Human Capital in South Africa and Brazil (Rapor no. 99– 439). Ann Arbor: Population Studies Center at the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. Erişim https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED443900
  • Lefebvre, H. (1976). Survival of capitalism. Londra: Macmillan
  • O’Connor, J. (2007). The cultural and creative industries: a review of the literature. London: School of Performance and Cultural Industries The University of Leeds. Erişim: http://kulturekonomi.se/uploads/cp_litrev4.pdf
  • O’Malley the heart of hope. Erişim: 31 Ağustos 2018,
  • https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/index.php/site/q/03lv01538/04lv01828/05lv01829/06lv01859.html
  • Oyekunle, O. A. (2017). The contribution of creative industries to sustainable urban development in South Africa. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 9 (5), 1-10. doi: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1327932
  • Peck, J. (2005). Struggling with the creative class. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 24 (9), 740-770. Erişim:
  • https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2005.00620.x
  • Sanul, G. (2012). Kentsel ekonomik kalkınma aracı olarak yaratıcı endüstriler: İzmir analizi ve öneriler (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi: İstanbul. Erişim:
  • http://openaccess.bilgi.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11411/57/Sanul_Kentsel%20Ekonomik%20Kalk%C4%B1nma_2013.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Seekings, J. (2011). Poverty and inequality in South Africa, 1994– 2007. Ian Shapiro ve Kahreen Tebeau (Der.), içinde, After Apartheid reinventing South Africa? (s. 21-51). Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
  • Seekings, J., Nattrass, N. (2005). Class, race, and inequality in South Africa. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • South African Cultural Observatory. (2016a). Realising the economy of the imagination and the creative and cultural industries: Options for South Africa. Erişim https://www.southafricanculturalobservatory.org.za/document-library/knowledge-centre
  • South African Cultural Observatory. (2016b). The role of cultural and creative industries in regenerating urban and rural space and economies in South Africa. Erişim https://www.southafricanculturalobservatory.org.za/document-library/knowledge-centre.
  • South African Cultural Observatory. (2016c). The role of cultural and creative industries in regenerating urban and rural space and economies in South Africa. Erişim https://www.southafricanculturalobservatory.org.za/document-library/knowledge-centre.
  • South African Cultural Observatory. (2017a). Transformation, ownership and employment in South Africa’s cultural and creative industry (CCI) and creative economy. Erişim https://www.southafricanculturalobservatory.org.za/document-library/knowledge-centre.
  • South African Cultural Observatory. (2017b). The mapping of South Africa’s cultural and creative industry (CCI) and creative economy: A baseline. Erişim https://www.southafricanculturalobservatory.org.za/document-library/knowledge-centre
  • Suicu, M. C. (2009). Creative economy and creative cities. Romanian Journal of Regional Science, 3 (1), 82-91. Erişim http://www.rrsa.ro/rjrs/V314.SUCIU.PDF
  • Thompson, L. (2001). A history of South Africa. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Throsby, D. (2001). Economics and culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2010) Creative economy report. Erişim http://unctad.org/en/Docs/ditctab20103_en.pdf
  • United Nations Educational Scientific Cultural Organization. (2009). Measuring the economic contribution of cultural industries. Erişim:
  • http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002182/218251e.pdf
  • Worden, N. (2012). The making of modern South Africa: Conquest, apartheid, democracy. West-Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

Güney Afrika’da Yaratıcı Endüstrilerin Kalkınmaya Katkıları ve Yeniden Ürettikleri Eşitsizlikler

Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 2 - Creative Industries and Creative Labor, 255 - 280, 15.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.17572/mj2018.2.255280

Abstract

Güney Afrika ekonomisinde politika düzenlemeleriyle birlikte önemli bir yer edinmiş yaratıcı endüstriler meselesi, araştırma raporlarında ve makalelerde çoğunlukla olumlu çıktıları üzerinden ele alınmaktadır. Ancak birtakım araştırma verileri, Güney Afrika’nın kendine has tarihsel ve toplumsal süreçlerinin yarattığı eşitsizliklerin, yaratıcı sektörler içinde yeniden üretildiğini göstermektedir. Bu verilere referansla bu çalışma kapsamında, literatürde uzun süredir tartışılan yaratıcı endüstriler konusu Güney Afrika bağlamında irdelenmiş, yaratıcı endüstrilerin ekonomiye katkısı, kentsel gelişime etkileri ve kendi içinde barındırdığı eşitsizlikler tarihsel ve sosyolojik bir bağlama oturtulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bunun sonucunda yaratıcı endüstrilerde ortaya çıkan eşitsizliklerin, Güney Afrika’da üstesinden gelinmeye çalışılan kurumsallaşmış eşitsizlik örüntülerinin devamı niteliğinde oldukları ortaya konulmuştur.

References

  • Adorno T. W. ve Horkheimer M. (2002). Dialectic of enlightenment. California: Stanford University Press.
  • Beinart, W. ve Dubow, S. (2003). Segregation and apartheid in twentieth-century South Africa. Erişim https://epdf.tips/segregation-and-apartheid-in-twentieth-century-south-africa-rewriting-histories.html
  • Booyens, I. (2012). Creative industries, inequality and social development: Developments, impacts and challenges in Cape Town. Urban Forum, 23 (1), 43-60. doi: 10.1007/s12132-012-9140-6.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 15-29). Westport, CT: Greenwood.
  • Bradford, N. (2004). Creative cities: Structured policy dialogue backgrounder. Ottawa: Canadian Policy Research Networks. Erişim:
  • https://works.bepress.com/neil_bradford/53/
  • British Council. (2010). Mapping the creative industries: a toolkit. Erişim https://creativeconomy.britishcouncil.org/media/uploads/files/English_mapping_the_creative_industries_a_toolkit_2-2.pdf
  • Clark, N.L.ve Worger, W.H. (2013) South Africa: The rise and fall of the apartheid. New York:Routledge.
  • Cunningham, S. (2004). The creative industries after cultural policy: a genealogy and some possible preferred futures. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 7 (1), 105-115. doi: 10.1177/1367877904040924
  • Department of Arts and Culture. (1996). White paper on arts and culture. Erişim http://www.dac.gov.za/content/white-paper-arts-culture-and-heritage-0
  • Department of Arts and Culture. (2017). Revised white paper on arts, culture and heritage third draft. Erişim:
  • http://www.dac.gov.za/sites/default/files/Legislations%20Files/Revised%203rd%20Draft%20RWP%20on%20ACH%20FEBRUARY%202017_0.pdf
  • Department of Labour South Africa. (2008). The creative industries in South Africa. Erişim:
  • http://www.labour.gov.za/DOL/downloads/documents/researchdocuments/Creative%20Industries_DoL_Report.pdf
  • Dirsuweit, T. (1999). From fortress city to creative city. Urban Forum, 10 (20), 183-213. Erişim https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03036618
  • Florida, R. (2005). Cities and the creative class. New York: Routledge.
  • Graan, M.V. (2005) Towards an understanding of the current nature and scope of the creative industries in the Western Cape. Erişim:
  • https://www.westerncape.gov.za/other/2005/10/cultural_ind_final_first_paper.pdf.
  • Graan, M.V. (2013). Oratio: A non-lawyer’s views on the Revised White Paper on Arts, Culture and Heritage of 2013. PER, 16(3), 23-34. doi: 10.4314/pelj.v16i3.2
  • Graan, M.V. (2016) White Paper on Arts, Culture and Heritage 2016, A Critique. Erişim: 11.11.2018, https://mikevangraan.wordpress.com/2016/12/08/white-paper-on-arts-culture-and-heritage-2016-a-critique/
  • Graan, M.V. (2017). Kültür Politikalarında Gelgitler: Güney Afrika Deneyimi. Yayımlanmamış konferans konuşması, Kültür Politikalarında Gelgitler: Güney Afrika Deneyimi, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Guelke, A. (2005). Rethinking the rise and fall of apartheid. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Harris, J. (2000). Basic principles of sustainable development (Rapor no. 00-04). Massachusetts: Global Development and Environment Institute Tufts University. Erişim:http://ase.tufts.edu/gdae/publications/working_papers/Sustainable%20Development.pdf
  • Lam, D. (1999). Generating Extreme Inequality: Schooling, Earnings and Inter-generational Transmission of Human Capital in South Africa and Brazil (Rapor no. 99– 439). Ann Arbor: Population Studies Center at the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. Erişim https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED443900
  • Lefebvre, H. (1976). Survival of capitalism. Londra: Macmillan
  • O’Connor, J. (2007). The cultural and creative industries: a review of the literature. London: School of Performance and Cultural Industries The University of Leeds. Erişim: http://kulturekonomi.se/uploads/cp_litrev4.pdf
  • O’Malley the heart of hope. Erişim: 31 Ağustos 2018,
  • https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/index.php/site/q/03lv01538/04lv01828/05lv01829/06lv01859.html
  • Oyekunle, O. A. (2017). The contribution of creative industries to sustainable urban development in South Africa. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 9 (5), 1-10. doi: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1327932
  • Peck, J. (2005). Struggling with the creative class. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 24 (9), 740-770. Erişim:
  • https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2005.00620.x
  • Sanul, G. (2012). Kentsel ekonomik kalkınma aracı olarak yaratıcı endüstriler: İzmir analizi ve öneriler (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi: İstanbul. Erişim:
  • http://openaccess.bilgi.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11411/57/Sanul_Kentsel%20Ekonomik%20Kalk%C4%B1nma_2013.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Seekings, J. (2011). Poverty and inequality in South Africa, 1994– 2007. Ian Shapiro ve Kahreen Tebeau (Der.), içinde, After Apartheid reinventing South Africa? (s. 21-51). Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
  • Seekings, J., Nattrass, N. (2005). Class, race, and inequality in South Africa. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • South African Cultural Observatory. (2016a). Realising the economy of the imagination and the creative and cultural industries: Options for South Africa. Erişim https://www.southafricanculturalobservatory.org.za/document-library/knowledge-centre
  • South African Cultural Observatory. (2016b). The role of cultural and creative industries in regenerating urban and rural space and economies in South Africa. Erişim https://www.southafricanculturalobservatory.org.za/document-library/knowledge-centre.
  • South African Cultural Observatory. (2016c). The role of cultural and creative industries in regenerating urban and rural space and economies in South Africa. Erişim https://www.southafricanculturalobservatory.org.za/document-library/knowledge-centre.
  • South African Cultural Observatory. (2017a). Transformation, ownership and employment in South Africa’s cultural and creative industry (CCI) and creative economy. Erişim https://www.southafricanculturalobservatory.org.za/document-library/knowledge-centre.
  • South African Cultural Observatory. (2017b). The mapping of South Africa’s cultural and creative industry (CCI) and creative economy: A baseline. Erişim https://www.southafricanculturalobservatory.org.za/document-library/knowledge-centre
  • Suicu, M. C. (2009). Creative economy and creative cities. Romanian Journal of Regional Science, 3 (1), 82-91. Erişim http://www.rrsa.ro/rjrs/V314.SUCIU.PDF
  • Thompson, L. (2001). A history of South Africa. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Throsby, D. (2001). Economics and culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2010) Creative economy report. Erişim http://unctad.org/en/Docs/ditctab20103_en.pdf
  • United Nations Educational Scientific Cultural Organization. (2009). Measuring the economic contribution of cultural industries. Erişim:
  • http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002182/218251e.pdf
  • Worden, N. (2012). The making of modern South Africa: Conquest, apartheid, democracy. West-Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Articles (Thematic)
Authors

Büşra Arı

Kardelen Erkmen This is me

Publication Date December 15, 2018
Submission Date September 3, 2018
Acceptance Date December 15, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 5 Issue: 2 - Creative Industries and Creative Labor

Cite

APA Arı, B., & Erkmen, K. (2018). Güney Afrika’da Yaratıcı Endüstrilerin Kalkınmaya Katkıları ve Yeniden Ürettikleri Eşitsizlikler. Moment Dergi, 5(2), 255-280. https://doi.org/10.17572/mj2018.2.255280