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Assessment of psychiatric symptoms and quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Year 2014, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 115 - 21, 08.10.2014

Ömer Yanartaş Ercan Bıçakcı Zeynep Şenkal Kübra Karaman Asibe Türkkan Kübra Temel , Nida Kara Pelin Yılmaz Hakan Akın Neşe İmeryüz Mehmed Kemal Kuşçu

https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20140228012738

Abstract

Objective: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is group of chronic and relapsing diseases claimed to be developed among genetically vulnerable individuals under the influence of misregulation of interactions between environmental factors and host immune system. The presence of a chronic disease is frequently associated with anxiety, depression and decline in the quality of life. In this study, our objective is to explore depression, anxiety and quality of life according to the diagnosis subtype in a group of IBD patients. Method: Patients currently being followed with the diagnosis of IBD in the outpatient clinics of our hospital and who agreed to participate were included to the study. Each case was given self-administered queries of Short Form-36 (SF-36), Hospital Depression Anxiety Scale (HAS) after being questioned for socio-demographic data. Results: 55 patients participated in our study, 50.9% (n=28) of whom had Ulcerative Colitis (UC), and 49.1% (n=27) had Crohn’s Disease (CD). The rate of smoking in patients with CD was significantly high (p=0.024). Both anxiety and depression scores were found to be higher in CD patients. HAD depression scores were significantly higher (p=0.002) in CD patients, however the difference in anxiety scores between the two groups has not been found to be statistically significant (p=0.132). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of quality of life. Among all IBD patients, the quality of life indexes were found to be worse in the cases with higher depression and anxiety scores. Conclusion: In the light of the data analyzed, the quality of life in both CD and UC groups is determined to be poor. There is a need for further research in wider follow up patient groups.

Keywords

inflammatory bowel disease quality of life depression anxiety

References

  • 1. Podolsky DK. Inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:417-29.
  • 2. Sartor RB. Mechanisms of disease: pathogenesis of Crohn’s diseaseand ulcerative colitis. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;3:390-407.
  • 3. Graff LA, Walker JR, Lix L, Clara I, Rawsthone P, Rogala L et al. The Manitoba IBD Cohort Study: The relationship of disease type and activity to psychological functioningand quality of life. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4:1491-01.
  • 4. Graff LA, Walker JR, Bernstein CN. Depression and anxiety in inflammatory bowel disease: review of comorbidity and management. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009;15:1105-18.
  • 5. Katon W, Ciechanowski P. Impact of major depression on chronic medical illness. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53:859-63.
  • 6. Mawdsley JE, Rampton DS. Psychological stress in IBD: new insights in pathogenic and therapeutic implications. Gut. 2005;54:1481-91.
  • 7. Leue C, van Os J, Neeleman J, de Graaf R, Vollebergh W, Stockbrügger RW. Bidirectional associations between depression/ anxiety and bowel disease in a population based cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2005;59:434-5.
  • 8. Rosenkranz MA. Substance P at the nexus of mind and body in chronic inflammation and affective disorders. Psychol Bull. 2007;133:1007-37.
  • 9. Blume J, Douglas SD, Evans DL. Immune suppression and immune activation in depression. Brain Behav Immun. 2011;25:221-9.
  • 10. Hisamatsu T, Kanai T, Mikami Y, Yoneno K, Matsuoka K, Hibi T. Immune aspects of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Ther. 2013;137:283-97.
  • 11. Kessler RC, Ormel J, Demler O, Stang PE. Comorbid mental disorders account for the role impairment of commonly occurring chronic physical disorders: results from the National Comorbidity Survey. J OccupEnviron Med. 2003;45:1257-66.
  • 12. Graff LA, Walker JR, Bernstein CN. It’s not just about the gut: managing depression and anxiety in inflammatory bowel disease. Practical Gastroenterol. 2010;34:11-25.
  • 13. The WHOQOL Group. Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. Psychol Med. 1998;28:551-8.
  • 14. Petrak F, Hardt J, Clement T, Börner N, Egle UT, Hoffmann SO. Impaired health-related quality of life in inflammatory bowel diseases: psychosocial impact and coping styles in a national German sample. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2001;36:375-82.
  • 15. Casellas F, Arenas JI, Baudet JSFábregas S, García N, Gelabert J, Medina C et al. Impairment of health-related quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A Spanish multicenter study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2005;11:488-96.
  • 16. Keles H, Ekici M, Bulcun E, Altinkaya V. Effect on chronic disease and associated psychological distress on health-related quality of life. Int Med J. 2007;37:6-11.
  • 17. Tanaka M, Kazuma K. Ulcerative colitis: factors affecting difficulties of life and psychological well being of patients in remission. J Clin Nurs. 2005;14:65-73.
  • 18. Zhang S, Huang LH, Wen YL, Hu ZH, Jin J, Shen LH et al. Impact of personality and coping mechanisms on health-related quality of life in liver transplantation recipients. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2005;4:356-9.
  • 19. Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form healthsurvey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. MedCare. 1992;30:473-83.
  • 20. Koçyiğit H, Aydemir Ö, Ölmez N, Memiş A. Kısa Form 36(KF-36)’nın Türkçe versiyonunun güvenilirliği ve geçerliliği. İlaç ve Tedavi Dergisi. 1999;12:102-6.
  • 21. Aydemir Ö. Konsültasyon-liyezon psikiyatrisinde yaşam kalitesi ölçümü: Kısa Form-36 (SF-36). 3P (Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji) Dergisi. 1999;7:14-22.
  • 22. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67:361-70.
  • 23. Aydemir Ö. Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği Türkçe Formunun Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 1997;8:280-7.
  • 24. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.doid. Erişim tarihi 15.11.2013.
  • 25. Boonen A, Dagnelie PC, Feleus A, Hesselink MA, Muris JW, Stockbrügger RW, et al. The impact of inflammatory bowel disease on labor force participation: results of a population sampled casecontrol study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2002;8:382-9.
  • 26. Wu WK, Cho CH. The pharmacological actions of nicotine on the gastrointestinal tract. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004;94:348-58.
  • 27. Manguso F, Sanges M, Staiano T, Gargiulo S, Nastro P, et al. Cigarette smoking and appendectomy are risk factors for extraintestinal manifestations in ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:327-34.
  • 28. Froch B, Zwolińska-Wcisło M, Bȩtkowska-Korpała B, Mach T. The dynamics of emotional reactions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Przeglad Gastroenterologiczny. 2009;4:141-6.
  • 29. Kovács Z, Kovács F. Depressive and anxiety symptoms, dysfunctional attitudes and social aspects in irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 2007;37:245-55.
  • 30. Mikocka-Walus AA. Treatment of psychological comorbidities in common gastrointestinal and hepatologic disorders. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2010;1:64-71.
  • 31. Hardt J, Conrad S, Muche-Borowski C, Raspe H. Epidemiology of depression and distress in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and validation of an indicator scale of perceived stress for psychological impairments. European Psychiatry. 2011;26:2217- 25.
  • 32. Mittermaier C, Dejaco C, Waldhoer T, Oefferlbauer-Ernst A, Miehsler W, Beier M et al. Impact of depressive mood on relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective 18-month follow-up study. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2004;66:79-84.
  • 33. Addolorato G, Capristo E, Stefanini GF, Gasbarrini G. inflammatory bowel disease: a study of the association between anxiety and depression, physical morbidity, and nutritional status. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 1997;32:1013-21.
  • 34. Guthrie E, Jackson J, Shaffer J, Thompson D, Tomenson B, Creed F. Psychological disorder and severity of inflammatory bowel disease predict health-related quality of life in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:1994-9.
  • 35. Nordin K, Pahlman L, Larsson K, Sundberg-Hjelm M, Loof L. Health-related quality of life and psychological distress in a population-based sample of Swedish patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2002;37:450-7.
  • 36. Caprilli R, Gassull MA, Escher JC, Moser G, Munkholm P, Forbes A et al; European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. European evidence based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn’s disease: special situations. Gut. 2006;55(Suppl 1):36-58.
  • 37. Casellas F, López-Vivancos J, Casado A, Malagelada JR. Factors affecting health related quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Quality of Life Research. 2002;11:775-81.
  • 38. Haapamaki J. Health-Related Quality of Life, Symptoms and Comorbidity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Ph.D. dissertation] The Medical Faculty of the University of Helsinki; 2011.
  • 39. Albersnagel F, Dijkstra G. inflammatory bowel disease: medical and psychological aspects. Psychologie & Gezondheid. 2007;35:85- 96.
  • 40. Graff LA, Walker JR, Lix L, Clara I, Rawsthorne P, Rogala L, Miller N, Jakul L, McPhail C, Ediger J, Bernstein CN. The relationship of inflammatory bowel disease type and activity to psychological functioning and quality of life. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2006;4:1491-501.
  • 41. Vidal A, Gomez-Gil E, Sans M, Portella MJ, Salamero M, Pique JM, Panes J. Health-related quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease patients: the role of psychopathology and personality. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. 2008;14:977-83.
  • 42. Keefer L, Kiebles JL, Martinovich Z, Cohen E, Van Denburg A, Barrett TA. Behavioral interventions may prolong remission in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2011;49:145-50.
  • 43. Drossman DA, Ringel Y. Psychological factors in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. In: Sartor R, Sandborn W, editors. Kirsner’s Inflammatory Bowel Disease. 6th edition. Philadelphia, Pa, USA: WB Saunders; 2004. pp. 340-56.
  • 44. Farmer RG, Easley KA, Farmer JM. Quality of life assessment by patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 1992;59:35-42.
  • 45. Cuntz U, Welt J, Rupert E, Zillessen E. Determination of subjective burden from chronic inflammatory bowel disease and its psychosocial consequences. Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics, Medical Psychology. 1999;49:494-500.
  • 46. Prasko J, Jelenova D, Mihal V. Psychological aspects and psychotherapy of inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome in children. Biomedical Papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacký, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia. 2010;154:307- 14.
  • 47. Helzer JE, Chammas S, Norland CC. A study of the association between Crohn’s disease and psychiatric illness. Gastroenterology. 1984;86:324-30.

İnflamatuar barsak hastalıklarında ruhsal belirtiler ve yaşam kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi

Year 2014, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 115 - 21, 08.10.2014

Ömer Yanartaş Ercan Bıçakcı Zeynep Şenkal Kübra Karaman Asibe Türkkan Kübra Temel , Nida Kara Pelin Yılmaz Hakan Akın Neşe İmeryüz Mehmed Kemal Kuşçu

https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20140228012738

Abstract

Amaç: İnflamatuar Barsak Hastalıkları (İBH) genetik yatkınlığı olduğu düşünülen bireylerde, çevresel faktörler ve konakçının bağışıklık sisteminin uygunsuz etkileşimi ile ortaya çıktığı iddia edilen süreğen, tekrarlayıcı özellikte bir hastalık grubudur. Süreğen hastalık varlığı sıklıkla anksiyete, depresyon ve yaşam kalitesinin bozulması ile ilişkilidir. Çalışmamızın amacı İBH tanısı ile takip altında olan olgularda hastalık tanısına göre; depresyon, anksiyete seviyeleri ve yaşam kalitesini incelemektir. Yöntem: Hastanemiz İBH Polikliniği’nde İBH tanısı ile takip edilen ve katılmayı kabul eden olgular çalışmamıza dahil edilmiştir. Her bir olgunun sosyodemografik özellikleri kaydedildikten sonra, Kısa Form 36 (KF-36), Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği (HAD) her bir hastanın kendisi tarafından doldurulmuştur. Bulgular: Araştırmamıza 55 olgu katılmış olup bu olguların %50.9’u (n=28) Ülseratif Kolit (ÜK), %49.1’i de (n=27) Crohn Hastalığı (CH) tanısı almıştır. CH olgularında sigara içme oranı anlamlı olarak yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0.024). Hem anksiyete hem de depresyon skorları CH olgularında daha yüksek oranda belirlenmiş olup, HAD depresyon ölçek sonuçlarında anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir (p=0.002). Diğer taraftan, gruplar arasında anksiyete sonuçlarında anlamlı farklılık saptanmamıştır (p=0.132). Yaşam kalitesi sonuçları açısından her iki grup arasında anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır. Tüm İBH hastaları değerlendirildiğinde, depresyon ve anksiyete sonuçları yüksek olan vakaların yaşam kalitesi daha kötü bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Mevcut veriler ışığında, her iki hastalık grubunda da yaşam kalitesi kötü bulunmuştur. Ülkemiz örnekleminde geniş kapsamlı takip araştırmalarına gereksinim vardır.

Keywords

inflamatuvar barsak hastalıkları yaşam kalitesi depresyon anksiyete

References

  • 1. Podolsky DK. Inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:417-29.
  • 2. Sartor RB. Mechanisms of disease: pathogenesis of Crohn’s diseaseand ulcerative colitis. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;3:390-407.
  • 3. Graff LA, Walker JR, Lix L, Clara I, Rawsthone P, Rogala L et al. The Manitoba IBD Cohort Study: The relationship of disease type and activity to psychological functioningand quality of life. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4:1491-01.
  • 4. Graff LA, Walker JR, Bernstein CN. Depression and anxiety in inflammatory bowel disease: review of comorbidity and management. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009;15:1105-18.
  • 5. Katon W, Ciechanowski P. Impact of major depression on chronic medical illness. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53:859-63.
  • 6. Mawdsley JE, Rampton DS. Psychological stress in IBD: new insights in pathogenic and therapeutic implications. Gut. 2005;54:1481-91.
  • 7. Leue C, van Os J, Neeleman J, de Graaf R, Vollebergh W, Stockbrügger RW. Bidirectional associations between depression/ anxiety and bowel disease in a population based cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2005;59:434-5.
  • 8. Rosenkranz MA. Substance P at the nexus of mind and body in chronic inflammation and affective disorders. Psychol Bull. 2007;133:1007-37.
  • 9. Blume J, Douglas SD, Evans DL. Immune suppression and immune activation in depression. Brain Behav Immun. 2011;25:221-9.
  • 10. Hisamatsu T, Kanai T, Mikami Y, Yoneno K, Matsuoka K, Hibi T. Immune aspects of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Ther. 2013;137:283-97.
  • 11. Kessler RC, Ormel J, Demler O, Stang PE. Comorbid mental disorders account for the role impairment of commonly occurring chronic physical disorders: results from the National Comorbidity Survey. J OccupEnviron Med. 2003;45:1257-66.
  • 12. Graff LA, Walker JR, Bernstein CN. It’s not just about the gut: managing depression and anxiety in inflammatory bowel disease. Practical Gastroenterol. 2010;34:11-25.
  • 13. The WHOQOL Group. Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. Psychol Med. 1998;28:551-8.
  • 14. Petrak F, Hardt J, Clement T, Börner N, Egle UT, Hoffmann SO. Impaired health-related quality of life in inflammatory bowel diseases: psychosocial impact and coping styles in a national German sample. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2001;36:375-82.
  • 15. Casellas F, Arenas JI, Baudet JSFábregas S, García N, Gelabert J, Medina C et al. Impairment of health-related quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A Spanish multicenter study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2005;11:488-96.
  • 16. Keles H, Ekici M, Bulcun E, Altinkaya V. Effect on chronic disease and associated psychological distress on health-related quality of life. Int Med J. 2007;37:6-11.
  • 17. Tanaka M, Kazuma K. Ulcerative colitis: factors affecting difficulties of life and psychological well being of patients in remission. J Clin Nurs. 2005;14:65-73.
  • 18. Zhang S, Huang LH, Wen YL, Hu ZH, Jin J, Shen LH et al. Impact of personality and coping mechanisms on health-related quality of life in liver transplantation recipients. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2005;4:356-9.
  • 19. Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form healthsurvey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. MedCare. 1992;30:473-83.
  • 20. Koçyiğit H, Aydemir Ö, Ölmez N, Memiş A. Kısa Form 36(KF-36)’nın Türkçe versiyonunun güvenilirliği ve geçerliliği. İlaç ve Tedavi Dergisi. 1999;12:102-6.
  • 21. Aydemir Ö. Konsültasyon-liyezon psikiyatrisinde yaşam kalitesi ölçümü: Kısa Form-36 (SF-36). 3P (Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji) Dergisi. 1999;7:14-22.
  • 22. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67:361-70.
  • 23. Aydemir Ö. Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği Türkçe Formunun Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 1997;8:280-7.
  • 24. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.doid. Erişim tarihi 15.11.2013.
  • 25. Boonen A, Dagnelie PC, Feleus A, Hesselink MA, Muris JW, Stockbrügger RW, et al. The impact of inflammatory bowel disease on labor force participation: results of a population sampled casecontrol study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2002;8:382-9.
  • 26. Wu WK, Cho CH. The pharmacological actions of nicotine on the gastrointestinal tract. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004;94:348-58.
  • 27. Manguso F, Sanges M, Staiano T, Gargiulo S, Nastro P, et al. Cigarette smoking and appendectomy are risk factors for extraintestinal manifestations in ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:327-34.
  • 28. Froch B, Zwolińska-Wcisło M, Bȩtkowska-Korpała B, Mach T. The dynamics of emotional reactions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Przeglad Gastroenterologiczny. 2009;4:141-6.
  • 29. Kovács Z, Kovács F. Depressive and anxiety symptoms, dysfunctional attitudes and social aspects in irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 2007;37:245-55.
  • 30. Mikocka-Walus AA. Treatment of psychological comorbidities in common gastrointestinal and hepatologic disorders. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2010;1:64-71.
  • 31. Hardt J, Conrad S, Muche-Borowski C, Raspe H. Epidemiology of depression and distress in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and validation of an indicator scale of perceived stress for psychological impairments. European Psychiatry. 2011;26:2217- 25.
  • 32. Mittermaier C, Dejaco C, Waldhoer T, Oefferlbauer-Ernst A, Miehsler W, Beier M et al. Impact of depressive mood on relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective 18-month follow-up study. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2004;66:79-84.
  • 33. Addolorato G, Capristo E, Stefanini GF, Gasbarrini G. inflammatory bowel disease: a study of the association between anxiety and depression, physical morbidity, and nutritional status. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 1997;32:1013-21.
  • 34. Guthrie E, Jackson J, Shaffer J, Thompson D, Tomenson B, Creed F. Psychological disorder and severity of inflammatory bowel disease predict health-related quality of life in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:1994-9.
  • 35. Nordin K, Pahlman L, Larsson K, Sundberg-Hjelm M, Loof L. Health-related quality of life and psychological distress in a population-based sample of Swedish patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2002;37:450-7.
  • 36. Caprilli R, Gassull MA, Escher JC, Moser G, Munkholm P, Forbes A et al; European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. European evidence based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn’s disease: special situations. Gut. 2006;55(Suppl 1):36-58.
  • 37. Casellas F, López-Vivancos J, Casado A, Malagelada JR. Factors affecting health related quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Quality of Life Research. 2002;11:775-81.
  • 38. Haapamaki J. Health-Related Quality of Life, Symptoms and Comorbidity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Ph.D. dissertation] The Medical Faculty of the University of Helsinki; 2011.
  • 39. Albersnagel F, Dijkstra G. inflammatory bowel disease: medical and psychological aspects. Psychologie & Gezondheid. 2007;35:85- 96.
  • 40. Graff LA, Walker JR, Lix L, Clara I, Rawsthorne P, Rogala L, Miller N, Jakul L, McPhail C, Ediger J, Bernstein CN. The relationship of inflammatory bowel disease type and activity to psychological functioning and quality of life. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2006;4:1491-501.
  • 41. Vidal A, Gomez-Gil E, Sans M, Portella MJ, Salamero M, Pique JM, Panes J. Health-related quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease patients: the role of psychopathology and personality. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. 2008;14:977-83.
  • 42. Keefer L, Kiebles JL, Martinovich Z, Cohen E, Van Denburg A, Barrett TA. Behavioral interventions may prolong remission in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2011;49:145-50.
  • 43. Drossman DA, Ringel Y. Psychological factors in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. In: Sartor R, Sandborn W, editors. Kirsner’s Inflammatory Bowel Disease. 6th edition. Philadelphia, Pa, USA: WB Saunders; 2004. pp. 340-56.
  • 44. Farmer RG, Easley KA, Farmer JM. Quality of life assessment by patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 1992;59:35-42.
  • 45. Cuntz U, Welt J, Rupert E, Zillessen E. Determination of subjective burden from chronic inflammatory bowel disease and its psychosocial consequences. Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics, Medical Psychology. 1999;49:494-500.
  • 46. Prasko J, Jelenova D, Mihal V. Psychological aspects and psychotherapy of inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome in children. Biomedical Papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacký, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia. 2010;154:307- 14.
  • 47. Helzer JE, Chammas S, Norland CC. A study of the association between Crohn’s disease and psychiatric illness. Gastroenterology. 1984;86:324-30.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ömer Yanartaş This is me

Ercan Bıçakcı This is me

Zeynep Şenkal This is me

Kübra Karaman This is me

Asibe Türkkan This is me

Kübra Temel

Nida Kara This is me

Pelin Yılmaz This is me

Hakan Akın This is me

Neşe İmeryüz This is me

Mehmed Kemal Kuşçu This is me

Publication Date October 8, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 4 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yanartaş, Ö., Bıçakcı, E., Şenkal, Z., Karaman, K., et al. (2014). İnflamatuar barsak hastalıklarında ruhsal belirtiler ve yaşam kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Mood Disorders, 4(3), 115-21. https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20140228012738
AMA Yanartaş Ö, Bıçakcı E, Şenkal Z, Karaman K, Türkkan A, Temel K, Kara N, Yılmaz P, Akın H, İmeryüz N, Kuşçu MK. İnflamatuar barsak hastalıklarında ruhsal belirtiler ve yaşam kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Mood Disorders. March 2014;4(3):115-21. doi:10.5455/jmood.20140228012738
Chicago Yanartaş, Ömer, Ercan Bıçakcı, Zeynep Şenkal, Kübra Karaman, Asibe Türkkan, Kübra Temel, Nida Kara, Pelin Yılmaz, Hakan Akın, Neşe İmeryüz, and Mehmed Kemal Kuşçu. “İnflamatuar Barsak hastalıklarında Ruhsal Belirtiler Ve yaşam Kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi”. Journal of Mood Disorders 4, no. 3 (March 2014): 115-21. https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20140228012738.
EndNote Yanartaş Ö, Bıçakcı E, Şenkal Z, Karaman K, Türkkan A, Temel K, Kara N, Yılmaz P, Akın H, İmeryüz N, Kuşçu MK (March 1, 2014) İnflamatuar barsak hastalıklarında ruhsal belirtiler ve yaşam kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Mood Disorders 4 3 115–21.
IEEE Ö. Yanartaş, “İnflamatuar barsak hastalıklarında ruhsal belirtiler ve yaşam kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi”, Journal of Mood Disorders, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 115–21, 2014, doi: 10.5455/jmood.20140228012738.
ISNAD Yanartaş, Ömer et al. “İnflamatuar Barsak hastalıklarında Ruhsal Belirtiler Ve yaşam Kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi”. Journal of Mood Disorders 4/3 (March 2014), 115-21. https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20140228012738.
JAMA Yanartaş Ö, Bıçakcı E, Şenkal Z, Karaman K, Türkkan A, Temel K, Kara N, Yılmaz P, Akın H, İmeryüz N, Kuşçu MK. İnflamatuar barsak hastalıklarında ruhsal belirtiler ve yaşam kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Mood Disorders. 2014;4:115–21.
MLA Yanartaş, Ömer et al. “İnflamatuar Barsak hastalıklarında Ruhsal Belirtiler Ve yaşam Kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi”. Journal of Mood Disorders, vol. 4, no. 3, 2014, pp. 115-21, doi:10.5455/jmood.20140228012738.
Vancouver Yanartaş Ö, Bıçakcı E, Şenkal Z, Karaman K, Türkkan A, Temel K, Kara N, Yılmaz P, Akın H, İmeryüz N, Kuşçu MK. İnflamatuar barsak hastalıklarında ruhsal belirtiler ve yaşam kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Mood Disorders. 2014;4(3):115-21.