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The levels of anxiety, depression and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in migraine patients

Year 2013, Volume: 3 Issue: 4, 156 - 161, 01.04.2013
https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20130901115300

Abstract

Objective: Psychiatric symptoms, such as anxiety and depression, are seen more in migraine patients than general population. Establishing of these symptoms is important in terms of successful management. The aim of our study is to compare the levels of anxiety, depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms between migraine patients and normal population and between migraine with aura and migraine without aura and to detect the relationship of the levels of these disorders with duration of disease and frequency of the attacks . Method: We included 66 male migraine patients (13 with aura; 53 without aura) diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria of The International Headache Society-2004 (IHS 2004) in our neurology outpatient clinic and 32 healthy males with similar age and education level. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Question List (MOCQL) had been applied to both groups by a psychologist. The frequency of the attacks in migraine group was accepted as rare if it was less than 4 in a month and frequent if it was more than 5 in a month. The inventory results of migraine patients vs. normal population and migraine with aura vs. migraine without aura had been compared and the relationship of the scores with the duration of the disease and the frequency of the attacks had been examined. Results: The scores of anxiety were higher but statistically insignificant in migraine group. The scores of MOCQL were statistically insignificant between the groups, but depression was found to be significantly higher in the migraine group. There was no significant correlation between the duration of the disease and depression, whereas patients with frequent attacks (more than 5 in a month) had higher levels of depressive symptoms. All test scores of migraine with aura and migraine without aura are similar. There was no difference in terms of BAI and MOCQL between patients having frequent attacks and rare attacks. Depression and anxiety levels were significantly related to each other in a strong positive way. Conclusion: Levels of depressive symptoms is high in migraine patients and its frequency increases as the frequency of the attacks increase. There is no relationship between levels of depressive symptoms and disease duration in migraine patients; whereas levels of depression symptoms and anxiety levels has a positive relation. It is important to examine and treat the anxiety and depressive symptoms in migraine patients.

References

  • Kurt S, Kaplan Y. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of headache in university students. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2008;110:46-50.
  • Adoukonou T, Houinato D, Kankouan J, Makoutode M, Paraiso M, Tehindrazanarivelo A, Viader F, Preux PM. Migraine among university students in Cotonou (Benin). Headache. 2009;49:887
  • Breslau N, Rasmussen BK. The impact of migraine: epidemiology, risk factors and comorbidities. Neurology. 2001;56:4-12.
  • Wessman M, Terwindt GM, Kaunisto MA, Palotie A, Ophoff RA. Migraine: a complex genetic disorder. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6:521– van de Ven RC, Kaja S, Plomp JJ, Frants RR, van den Maagdenberg AM, Ferrari MD Genetic models of migraine. Arch Neurol. 2007;64:643–6.
  • Radat F, Swendsen J. Psychiatric comorbidity in migraine: a review. Cephalalgia. 2005;25:165–78.
  • Senaratne R, Van Ameringen M, Mancini C, Patterson B, Bennett M. The prevalence of migraine headaches in an anxiety disorders clinic sample. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2010;16:76-82.
  • Hung CI, Liu CY, Cheng YT, Wang SJ. Migraine: a missing link between somatic symptoms and major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord. 2009;117:108–15
  • Jette N, Patten S, Williams J, Becker W, Wiebe S. Comorbidity of migraine and psychiatric disorders--a national population-based study. Headache. 2008;48:501-16.
  • Hamelsky SW, Lipton RB. Psychiatric comorbidity of migraine. Headache. 2006;46:1327-33.
  • Lipton RB, Hamelsky SW, Kolodner KB, Steiner TJ, Stewart WF. Migraine, quality of life, and depression: a population-based casecontrol study. Neurology. 2000;55:629-35.
  • Camarda C, Pipia C, Taglialavori A, Di Fiore P. Comorbidity between depressive symptoms and migraine: preliminary data from the Zabu´t Aging Project. Neurol Sci. 2008;29:149–51.
  • Breslau N, Schultz LR, Stewart WF, Lipton RB, Lucia VC, Welch KMA. Headache and major depression. Is the association specific to migraine? Neurology. 2000;54:308–313.
  • Samaan Z, Farmer A, Craddock N, Jones L, Korszun A, Owen M, McGulf P et al. Migraine in recurrent depression: casecontrol study. Br J Psychiatry. 2009;194:350–4.
  • Swartz KL, Pratt LA, Armenian HK, Lee LC, Eaton WW. Mental disorders and the incidence of migraine headaches in a community sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:945–50.
  • Ratcliffe GE, Enns MW, Jacobi F, Belik SL, Sareen J. The relationship between migraine and mental disorders in a population-based sample. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2009;31:14–19.
  • Lipton RB. Tracing transformation: chronic migraine classification, progression, and epidemiology. Neurology. 2009;72:3–7.
  • Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56:893-7.
  • Ulusoy M, Şahin NH, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric properties. J Cogn Psychother. 1998;12:163-72.
  • Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4:561-71.
  • Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Ölçeğinin bir Türk örnekleminde geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi.. 1988;6:118-22.
  • Hodgson RJ, Rachman S: Obsessional-Compulsive complaints. Behavioral and Research Therapy. 1977;15:389-95.
  • Tek C, Uluğ B, Rezaki BG, Tanrıverdi N, Mercan S, Demir B, Vargel S: Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and US National Instute of Mental Health Global Obsessive Compulsive Scale in Turkish: reliability and validity. Acta Psychiatry Scand. 1995;91:410-3.
  • Erol N, Savaşır I: Maudsley obsesif kompulsif soru listesi. 24. Ulusal Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Kongresi Bilimsel çalışma kitabı. Ankara, 1988, s:107-114.
  • Molgat CV, Patten SB. Comorbidity of major depression and migraine--a Canadian population-based study. Can J Psychiatry. 2005;50:832-7. 26- Franchini L, Bongiorno F, Dotoli D, Rainero I, Pinessi L, Smeraldi E.J. Migraine headache and mood disorders: a descriptive study in an outpatient psychiatric population. J Affect Disord. 2004;81:157
  • Breslau N, Lipton RB, Stewart WF, Schultz LR, Welch KM. Comorbidity of migraine and depression: investigating potential etiology and prognosis. Neurology. 2003;60:1308-12.
  • Selekler HM, Şengün E, Altun N. Episodik ve Kronik Migrenlilerde Uyku Kalitesi ve Depresyon (Sleep Quality and Depression in Episodic and Chronic Migraine Sufferers) Archives of Neuropsychiatry. 2010;47:196-200.
  • Breslau N, Davis GC. Migraine, physical health and psychiatric disorder: a prospective epidemiologic study in young adults. J Psychiatr Res. 1993;27:211-21.
  • Verri AP, Projetti Cecchini A, Galli C, Sandrini G, Nappi G. Psychiatric comorbidity in chronic daily headache.Cephalalgia. 1998;18:45–9.
  • Mitsikostas DD, Thomas AM. Comorbidity of headache and depressive disorders. Cephalalgia. 1999;19:211–17.
  • Hsu SC, Wang SJ, Liu CY, Juang YY, Yang CH, Hung CI. The impact of anxiety and migraine on quality of sleep in patients with major depressive disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 2009;50:151–7.
  • Breslau N, Davis GC, Andreski P. Migraine, psychiatric disorders, and suicide attempts: an epidemiologic study of young adults. Psychiatry Res. 1991;37:11-23.
  • Curone M, Tullo V, Savino M, Proietti-Cecchini A, Bussone G, D’Amico D. Outcome of patients with chronic migraine with medication overuse and depression after duloxetine: influence of coexisting obsessive compulsive disorder. Neurol Sci. 2013;34:175-7. Curone M, D’Amico D, Bussone G. Obsessive-compulsive aspects as predictors of poor response to treatments in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse. Neurol Sci. 2012;33:211
  • Guidetti V, Galli F, Abrizi P, Giannantoni AS, Napoli L, Bruni O et al. Headache and psychiatric comorbidity: clinical aspects and outcome in a 8-year follow-up study. Cephalalgia. 1998;18:455–62. Cunningham SJ, McGrath PJ, Ferguson HB, Humpreys P, D’Astous J, Latter Je et al Personality and behavioral characteristics in pediatric migraine. Headache. 1987;27:16-20.
  • Karwautz A, Wöber C, Lang T, Böck A, Wagner-Ennsgraber C, Vesely C, Kienbacher C, Wöber-Bingöl C. Psychosocial factors in children and adolescents with migraine and tension-type headache: a controlled study and review of the literature. Cephalalgia. 1999;19:32-43.
  • Croft PR, Papergeorgiou AC, Ferry S, Thomas E, Jayson MI, Silman AJ. Psychologic distress and low back pain: evidence from a prospective study in the general population. Spine. 1995;20:2731-7. Lynch M. Antidepressants as analgesics: a review of randomized controlled trials. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2001;26:30-6.
  • Demyttenaere K, Bonnewyn A, Bruffaerts R. Comorbid painful physical symptoms and depression: prevalance, work loss, and help seeking. J Affect Disord. 2006;92:185-93.

Migren Hastalarında Anksiyete, Depresyon ve Obsesif-Kompulsif Belirti Düzeyleri

Year 2013, Volume: 3 Issue: 4, 156 - 161, 01.04.2013
https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20130901115300

Abstract

Amaç: Migren hastalarında anksiyete ve depresyon gibi çeşitli psikiyatrik belirtiler genel toplumdan daha sık görülmektedir. Bu belirtilerin tespiti, tedavinin başarısı açısından önemlidir. Çalışmamızın amacını migren ile normal bireyler ve auralı migren ile aurasız migrenliler arasında anksiyete, depresyon ve obsesif-kompulsif bozukluk belirti düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması ve bu düzeylerin hastalık süresi ve atak sıklığı ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi olarak belirledik. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamıza hastanemizin nöroloji polikliniğine ardı sıra başvuran ve Uluslararası Baş Ağrısı Topluluğu’nun (International Headache Society-IHS) 2004 tanı ölçütlerine göre tanısı konulan 66 erkek migren hastası (13 auralı, 53 aurasız) ve bu hastalarla benzer yaş ve eğitim düzeyine sahip 32 erkek sağlıklı kontrol grubu dâhil edildi. Her iki gruba psikolog tarafından Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği (BAÖ), Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ) ve Maudsley Obsesif Kompulsif Soru Listesi (MOKSL) uygulandı. Migren grubunda atak sıklığı; ayda 4 ve altında atak geçirenler seyrek, 5 ve üzerinde atak geçirenler sık olarak belirlendi. Migren ile kontrol grubu ve auralı migren ile aurasız migrenliler arasında ölçek sonuçları birbirleri ile karşılaştırıldı ve migren grubunda skorların hastalık süresi ve atak sıklığı ile ilişkisi incelendi. Bulgular: Anksiyete düzeyleri migren grubunda kontrol grubuna göre yüksek olsa da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi. Gruplar arasında MOKSL düzeyleri açısından istatistiksel anlamlılık bulunmazken, depresif belirti düzeyleri migren grubunda anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu. Hastalık süresi ile depresif belirti düzeyleri arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmazken, migren atakları sık olanlarda (ayda 5 ve üzeri) depresif belirti düzeyleri daha yüksek saptandı. Auralı ve aurasız migrenlilerin tüm test sonuçları benzerdi. Migren atak sıklığı sık ve seyrek olanların BAÖ ve MOKSL düzeyleri açısından farklılık yoktu. Depresif belirti ile anksiyete düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönde güçlü ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Depresif belirti düzeyleri migren hastalarında yüksektir ve migren atakları sık olanlarda artmaktadır. Migrenlilerde depresif belirti düzeyleri hastalık süresi ile ilişkisiz olup anksiyete düzeyleri ile pozitif ilişkilidir. Migren hastalarında anksiyete ve depresif belirtilerin sorgulanması ve tedavi edilmesi önemlidir.

References

  • Kurt S, Kaplan Y. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of headache in university students. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2008;110:46-50.
  • Adoukonou T, Houinato D, Kankouan J, Makoutode M, Paraiso M, Tehindrazanarivelo A, Viader F, Preux PM. Migraine among university students in Cotonou (Benin). Headache. 2009;49:887
  • Breslau N, Rasmussen BK. The impact of migraine: epidemiology, risk factors and comorbidities. Neurology. 2001;56:4-12.
  • Wessman M, Terwindt GM, Kaunisto MA, Palotie A, Ophoff RA. Migraine: a complex genetic disorder. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6:521– van de Ven RC, Kaja S, Plomp JJ, Frants RR, van den Maagdenberg AM, Ferrari MD Genetic models of migraine. Arch Neurol. 2007;64:643–6.
  • Radat F, Swendsen J. Psychiatric comorbidity in migraine: a review. Cephalalgia. 2005;25:165–78.
  • Senaratne R, Van Ameringen M, Mancini C, Patterson B, Bennett M. The prevalence of migraine headaches in an anxiety disorders clinic sample. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2010;16:76-82.
  • Hung CI, Liu CY, Cheng YT, Wang SJ. Migraine: a missing link between somatic symptoms and major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord. 2009;117:108–15
  • Jette N, Patten S, Williams J, Becker W, Wiebe S. Comorbidity of migraine and psychiatric disorders--a national population-based study. Headache. 2008;48:501-16.
  • Hamelsky SW, Lipton RB. Psychiatric comorbidity of migraine. Headache. 2006;46:1327-33.
  • Lipton RB, Hamelsky SW, Kolodner KB, Steiner TJ, Stewart WF. Migraine, quality of life, and depression: a population-based casecontrol study. Neurology. 2000;55:629-35.
  • Camarda C, Pipia C, Taglialavori A, Di Fiore P. Comorbidity between depressive symptoms and migraine: preliminary data from the Zabu´t Aging Project. Neurol Sci. 2008;29:149–51.
  • Breslau N, Schultz LR, Stewart WF, Lipton RB, Lucia VC, Welch KMA. Headache and major depression. Is the association specific to migraine? Neurology. 2000;54:308–313.
  • Samaan Z, Farmer A, Craddock N, Jones L, Korszun A, Owen M, McGulf P et al. Migraine in recurrent depression: casecontrol study. Br J Psychiatry. 2009;194:350–4.
  • Swartz KL, Pratt LA, Armenian HK, Lee LC, Eaton WW. Mental disorders and the incidence of migraine headaches in a community sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:945–50.
  • Ratcliffe GE, Enns MW, Jacobi F, Belik SL, Sareen J. The relationship between migraine and mental disorders in a population-based sample. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2009;31:14–19.
  • Lipton RB. Tracing transformation: chronic migraine classification, progression, and epidemiology. Neurology. 2009;72:3–7.
  • Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56:893-7.
  • Ulusoy M, Şahin NH, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric properties. J Cogn Psychother. 1998;12:163-72.
  • Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4:561-71.
  • Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Ölçeğinin bir Türk örnekleminde geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi.. 1988;6:118-22.
  • Hodgson RJ, Rachman S: Obsessional-Compulsive complaints. Behavioral and Research Therapy. 1977;15:389-95.
  • Tek C, Uluğ B, Rezaki BG, Tanrıverdi N, Mercan S, Demir B, Vargel S: Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and US National Instute of Mental Health Global Obsessive Compulsive Scale in Turkish: reliability and validity. Acta Psychiatry Scand. 1995;91:410-3.
  • Erol N, Savaşır I: Maudsley obsesif kompulsif soru listesi. 24. Ulusal Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Kongresi Bilimsel çalışma kitabı. Ankara, 1988, s:107-114.
  • Molgat CV, Patten SB. Comorbidity of major depression and migraine--a Canadian population-based study. Can J Psychiatry. 2005;50:832-7. 26- Franchini L, Bongiorno F, Dotoli D, Rainero I, Pinessi L, Smeraldi E.J. Migraine headache and mood disorders: a descriptive study in an outpatient psychiatric population. J Affect Disord. 2004;81:157
  • Breslau N, Lipton RB, Stewart WF, Schultz LR, Welch KM. Comorbidity of migraine and depression: investigating potential etiology and prognosis. Neurology. 2003;60:1308-12.
  • Selekler HM, Şengün E, Altun N. Episodik ve Kronik Migrenlilerde Uyku Kalitesi ve Depresyon (Sleep Quality and Depression in Episodic and Chronic Migraine Sufferers) Archives of Neuropsychiatry. 2010;47:196-200.
  • Breslau N, Davis GC. Migraine, physical health and psychiatric disorder: a prospective epidemiologic study in young adults. J Psychiatr Res. 1993;27:211-21.
  • Verri AP, Projetti Cecchini A, Galli C, Sandrini G, Nappi G. Psychiatric comorbidity in chronic daily headache.Cephalalgia. 1998;18:45–9.
  • Mitsikostas DD, Thomas AM. Comorbidity of headache and depressive disorders. Cephalalgia. 1999;19:211–17.
  • Hsu SC, Wang SJ, Liu CY, Juang YY, Yang CH, Hung CI. The impact of anxiety and migraine on quality of sleep in patients with major depressive disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 2009;50:151–7.
  • Breslau N, Davis GC, Andreski P. Migraine, psychiatric disorders, and suicide attempts: an epidemiologic study of young adults. Psychiatry Res. 1991;37:11-23.
  • Curone M, Tullo V, Savino M, Proietti-Cecchini A, Bussone G, D’Amico D. Outcome of patients with chronic migraine with medication overuse and depression after duloxetine: influence of coexisting obsessive compulsive disorder. Neurol Sci. 2013;34:175-7. Curone M, D’Amico D, Bussone G. Obsessive-compulsive aspects as predictors of poor response to treatments in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse. Neurol Sci. 2012;33:211
  • Guidetti V, Galli F, Abrizi P, Giannantoni AS, Napoli L, Bruni O et al. Headache and psychiatric comorbidity: clinical aspects and outcome in a 8-year follow-up study. Cephalalgia. 1998;18:455–62. Cunningham SJ, McGrath PJ, Ferguson HB, Humpreys P, D’Astous J, Latter Je et al Personality and behavioral characteristics in pediatric migraine. Headache. 1987;27:16-20.
  • Karwautz A, Wöber C, Lang T, Böck A, Wagner-Ennsgraber C, Vesely C, Kienbacher C, Wöber-Bingöl C. Psychosocial factors in children and adolescents with migraine and tension-type headache: a controlled study and review of the literature. Cephalalgia. 1999;19:32-43.
  • Croft PR, Papergeorgiou AC, Ferry S, Thomas E, Jayson MI, Silman AJ. Psychologic distress and low back pain: evidence from a prospective study in the general population. Spine. 1995;20:2731-7. Lynch M. Antidepressants as analgesics: a review of randomized controlled trials. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2001;26:30-6.
  • Demyttenaere K, Bonnewyn A, Bruffaerts R. Comorbid painful physical symptoms and depression: prevalance, work loss, and help seeking. J Affect Disord. 2006;92:185-93.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Halit Yaşar This is me

Hakan Balıbey This is me

Semih Alay This is me

Hakan Tekeli This is me

Türker Türker This is me

Nalan Bayar This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 3 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Yaşar, H., Balıbey, H., Alay, S., Tekeli, H., et al. (2013). Migren Hastalarında Anksiyete, Depresyon ve Obsesif-Kompulsif Belirti Düzeyleri. Journal of Mood Disorders, 3(4), 156-161. https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20130901115300
AMA Yaşar H, Balıbey H, Alay S, Tekeli H, Türker T, Bayar N. Migren Hastalarında Anksiyete, Depresyon ve Obsesif-Kompulsif Belirti Düzeyleri. Journal of Mood Disorders. April 2013;3(4):156-161. doi:10.5455/jmood.20130901115300
Chicago Yaşar, Halit, Hakan Balıbey, Semih Alay, Hakan Tekeli, Türker Türker, and Nalan Bayar. “Migren Hastalarında Anksiyete, Depresyon Ve Obsesif-Kompulsif Belirti Düzeyleri”. Journal of Mood Disorders 3, no. 4 (April 2013): 156-61. https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20130901115300.
EndNote Yaşar H, Balıbey H, Alay S, Tekeli H, Türker T, Bayar N (April 1, 2013) Migren Hastalarında Anksiyete, Depresyon ve Obsesif-Kompulsif Belirti Düzeyleri. Journal of Mood Disorders 3 4 156–161.
IEEE H. Yaşar, H. Balıbey, S. Alay, H. Tekeli, T. Türker, and N. Bayar, “Migren Hastalarında Anksiyete, Depresyon ve Obsesif-Kompulsif Belirti Düzeyleri”, Journal of Mood Disorders, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 156–161, 2013, doi: 10.5455/jmood.20130901115300.
ISNAD Yaşar, Halit et al. “Migren Hastalarında Anksiyete, Depresyon Ve Obsesif-Kompulsif Belirti Düzeyleri”. Journal of Mood Disorders 3/4 (April 2013), 156-161. https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20130901115300.
JAMA Yaşar H, Balıbey H, Alay S, Tekeli H, Türker T, Bayar N. Migren Hastalarında Anksiyete, Depresyon ve Obsesif-Kompulsif Belirti Düzeyleri. Journal of Mood Disorders. 2013;3:156–161.
MLA Yaşar, Halit et al. “Migren Hastalarında Anksiyete, Depresyon Ve Obsesif-Kompulsif Belirti Düzeyleri”. Journal of Mood Disorders, vol. 3, no. 4, 2013, pp. 156-61, doi:10.5455/jmood.20130901115300.
Vancouver Yaşar H, Balıbey H, Alay S, Tekeli H, Türker T, Bayar N. Migren Hastalarında Anksiyete, Depresyon ve Obsesif-Kompulsif Belirti Düzeyleri. Journal of Mood Disorders. 2013;3(4):156-61.