KÜRESELLEŞME BİTTİ Mİ? KRİZ KÜRESELLEŞMENİN KRİZİ Mİ?

Year 2021, Volume: 43 Issue: 2, 348 - 371, 31.12.2021

Deniz Şişman

Abstract

Son zamanlardaki küreselleşmenin bittiğine dair öngörülerin sorgulanması bu makalenin amacını
oluşturmaktadır. Küresel kriz ve Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde küresel ekonomide yaşanan olumsuz
gelişmelerin sonucunda oluşan bu ortamın; küreselleşmeden mi, yoksa kapitalizmin kendi doğasından
mı kaynaklandığı önemli bir soru işareti oluşturmaktadır. Artan borçluluk, eşitsizlik ve düşen büyüme
oranlarının yarattığı ortamın aslında kapitalizmin tekrarlanan sorunları olduğu ve makro ekonomik
göstergelerin bu sorunları çözüme ulaştıran politikalar uygulanmadıkça, düzelmeyeceği ve dolayısıyla
küreselleşmenin tek sorumlu olmadığı ortaya konulmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, çalışmada krizin hegemonya
değişimini de beraberinde getirme potansiyeli Gramsci ve Robinson’un bakış açısından değerlendirilmiştir.
Krizin aşılmasında piyasanın kullanacağı öncelikli ekonomik alanlar analiz edilmektedir. Özellikle pandemi
sonrası dijital, sağlık ve ilaç alanlarının küreselleşme açısından önemi ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

Küreselleşme, Pandemi, Küresel Kriz, Eşitsizlik

IS GLOBALIZATION OVER? IS THE CRISIS THE CRISIS OF GLOBALIZATION?

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to question the predictions about the end of globalization in recent times. It
is an important question mark whether this environment, which is the result of the negative developments
in the global economy during the global crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic, is caused by globalization
or the nature of capitalism itself. It is revealed that the environment created by increasing indebtedness
and inequality and falling growth rates are actually the recurring problems of capitalism and that
macroeconomic indicators will not improve unless policies that solve these problems are implemented,
and therefore globalization is not the only responsible. However, in the study, the potential of the crisis to
bring about a change in hegemony was evaluated from the perspective of Gramsci and Robinson. Priority
economic areas that the market will use in overcoming the crisis are analyzed. Especially after the pandemic,
the importance of digital, health and medicine fields in terms of globalization has been revealed.

Keywords

Globalization, Pandemic, Global Crisis, Inequality

References

• Acharya, A. (2017). After liberal hegemony: The advent of multiplex world order. Ethics and International Affairs, 31(3), 271-285.
• Babic, M. (2020). Let’s talk about the interregnum: Gramsci and the crisis of the liberal world order. International Affairs, 96(3), 767–786.
• Byron, J. (2018). The contemporary crisis in globalization and its impact on Latin America with special referenceto the caribbean region of Latin America. http://www.cries.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/009-Byron. pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 20.10.2020).
• CRS Report (2021). Global economic effects of Covid-19. https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R46270.pdf. Deutsche Welle (25.01.2021). Korona dünya çapındaki ekonomik eşitsizliği büyüttü, https://www.dw.com/tr/ oxfam-korona-d%C3%BCnya-%C3%A7ap%C4%B1ndaki-ekonomik-e%C5%9Fitsizli%C4%9Fi-b%C3 %BCy%C3%BCtt%C3%BC/a-56331960 (Erişim Tarihi:02.08.2021).
• Damien, P. & Rawdanowicz L. (2021). Covid-19 and the corporate sector: Where we stand. https://voxeu.org/ article/covid-19-and-corporate-sector-where-we-stand, (Erişim Tarihi:18.02.2021)
• Eurostat, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/11563119/2-08062021-AP-EN.pdf/eead4cc5-f4f2- a087-9ded-a1b15bf2394a?t=162.314.0343558, (Erişim Tarihi:05.06.2021).
• Federal Reserve (2020), https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/20201210/html/recent_developments.htm, (Erişim Tarihi:07.03.2021)
• Furceri, D., Loungani P,. Ostry J. D., & Pizzuto P. (2020). COVID-19 will raise inequality if past pandemics are a guide. https://voxeu.org/article/covid-19-will-raise-inequality-if-past-pandemics-are-guide (Erişim Tarihi: 17.05.2021).
• Gramsci, A., (1930). Prison Notebooks Volume II, Notebook 3, 1930. (2011 edition), 33-34
• Iqvia Institute (2021) https://www.iqvia.com/insights/the-iqvia-institute/reports/global-medicine-spendingand-usage-trends-outlook-to-2025, (Erişim Tarihi:10.08.2021). Johnston, M. (2020). Gini coefficient https://econfix.wordpress.com/tag/gini-coefficient/, (Erişim Tarihi:27.05.2021).
• Knoema (2020). https://knoema.com/atlas/Japan/Real-GDP-growth (Erişim Tarihi: 18.06.2021).
• NewYork State (2021) Governor cuomo accepts recommendations of the blue-ribbon reimagine New York commission, https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/ (Erişim Tarihi:11.05.2021).
• OECD Update Report (2017) – Inclusive Growth, https://www.oecd.org/mcm/documents/C-MIN-2017-3-EN. pdf.
• Önder İ. (2009). Küresel kriz ve Türkiye ekonomisi. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 42, 12-25.
• Pharmaceutical market worldwide revenue since 2001, https://www.statista.com/statistics/263102/ pharmaceutical-market-worldwide-revenue-since-2001/, (Erişim Tarihi:17.07.2021).
• Puy, D., Rawdanowicz L. (2021). https://voxeu.org/article/covid-19-and-corporate-sector-where-we-stand, (Erişim Tarihi:24.05.2021)
• Reuters, (2021). Us job growth solid july unemployment rate falls. https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-jobgrowth-solid-july-unemployment-rate-falls-54-2021-08-06/, (ErişimTarihi:10.08.2021).
• Robinson, W. I. (2018). The next economic crisis: digital capitalism and global police state, Race & Class, 60-1, 77-92.
• Robinson, W. I. (2020). Global capitalism post-pandemic. Race & Class, 62(2), 3-13.
• Rodrik, D. (2021). “Capitalism after covid” içinde globalisation after the washington consensus, der. l.garicano, (69-74), CEPR Press,
• Statista (2021a). https://www.statista.com/statistics/996758/rea-gdp-growth-united-states-1930-2019/ (Erişim Tarihi: 24.04.2021).
• Statista https://www.statista.com/statistics/263102/pharmaceutical-market-worldwide-revenue-since-2001/. (Erişim Tarihi: 19.03.2021).
• Streeck, W. (2014). How will capitalism end? New left review, 87, 35-64.
• Streeck, W. (2016). The post-capitalist interregnum: the old system is dying, but a new social order cannot yet be born. Progressive Review, 23(2), 68-77.
• The World bank data. https://data.worldbank.1org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP. D.ZG?end=2020&start=1961&view =chart (Erişim Tarihi:01.05.2021).
• Trading Economics, https://tradingeconomics.com/china/gdp-growth-annual. (Erişim Tarihi:20.12.2020).
• Unctad (2019). https://unctad.org/news/global-efforts-needed-spread-digital-economy-benefits-un-reportsays# (Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2021).
• Unctadstat, https://unctadstat.unctad.org/EN (Erişim Tarihi:20.12.2020).
• Unctad, World Investment Report (2021). https://unctad.org/webflyer/world-investment-report-2021 (Erişim Tarihi: 28.06.2021).
• Wallerstein, I. (2011). Where do we go from here? Monthly Review, 62(10), https://monthlyreview.org/2011/03/01/structural-crisis-in-the-world-system, (Erişim Tarihi: 04.04.2021).
• Wallerstein, I. (2013). Structural crisis, or why capitalists may no longer find capitalism rewarding, I. Wallerstein & R. Collins & M. Mann & G. Derluguian & C. Calhoun (eds.), Does Capitalism Have A Future? içinde (8-26), Oxford: Oxford University Press,. USA.
• Wikipedia, https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.06.2021)