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Bir “Siyasal Süreç” Olarak Fransız Sarı Yelekliler Hareketi’nin Ortaya Çıkışı

Year 2019, Volume: 43 Issue: 2, 435 - 458, 28.06.2019

Abstract

17 Kasım 2018 tarihinde 280 binden fazla kişinin sokağa çıkıp hükümeti protesto
etmesiyle başlayan Sarı Yelekliler hareketi, Avrupa’daki kemer sıkma karşıtı protesto
dalgasının belki de en güncel ve keskin tezahürünü teşkil etmektedir. Bu protestoların
küresel arka planı bir yana, Sarı Yelekliler, Fransa için tarihi bir öneme sahiptir. Çünkü
Sarı Yelekliler’in, Fransa’nın meşhur 1968 hareketinden beri deneyimlediği en büyük
toplumsal olay olduğu iddia edilmektedir. Mevcut makale, Siyasal Süreç kuramının
penceresinden ve süreç analizi tekniğine dayanarak bu hareketin başlıca hangi siyasal
ve sosyo-ekonomik dinamiklere bağlı olarak ortaya çıktığı sorusuna odaklanmaktadır.
Sarı Yelekliler hareketinin ortaya çıkışı, başlıca üç ana etkene bağlanabilir. İlk olarak,
bu hareketin ortaya çıkıp kitleler arasında yayılmasını sağlamaya yönelik oldukça
elverişli bir sosyo-ekonomik ve siyasal ortam (siyasal fırsatlar, political opportunities)
bulunmaktadır. Bu başlık altında, yüksek gelirli kesimler lehine ilerletilen vergi
adaletsizliği, satın alma gücünün düşüşü, artan işsizlik ve güvencesizlik ile özelleştirme,
kamusal hizmetlerin gerilemesi ya da sona erdirilmesi gibi neoliberal kemer sıkma
siyasetlerinin ivme kazanması öne çıkmaktadır. İkinci olarak, bu ortamda baskın çıkan
toplumsal hoşnutsuzlukların örgütsel düzleme aktarılmasında liderlik dinamikleri ve
örgütsel kuvvet etkeni (harekete geçirici yapılar, organizing structures) önemli bir rol
üstlenmektedir. Sarı Yelekliler’in durumunda, kamusal görünürlüğü artırıcı ve gündelik
yaşantıyı kesintiye uğratıcı eylem repertuvarlarının kullanılması belirleyici olmuştur.
Eylemlerin adem-i merkeziyetçi ve ağırlıklı olarak sosyal medya ağlarına dayalı niteliği,
Sarı Yelekliler’in kitleselliği ve görünürlüğüne ayrı bir güç katmıştır. Sarı Yelekliler ile
ilişkilendirilen Facebook topluluklarını yöneten insanlar, kısa sürede hareketin başına
taşınmıştır. Örgütsel düzlemde göze çarpan bir diğer etken de, Sarı Yelekliler’in
toplumsal tabanında yaş, meslek ve sınıf bakımından var olan çeşitliliktir. Son olarak,
Sarı Yelekliler hareketinin ortaya çıkışı, çerçeveleme (framing) etkinliklerinin siyasal ve
sosyo-ekonomik ortamın koşullarıyla birebir örtüşecek şekilde ve bütünlüklü, tutarlı
bir tarzda yürütülmesiyle alakalıdır. Bu durum, harekete hâkim olan slogan ve resmi
taleplerin bütününe yansımıştır. Macron’un göreve gelmesinden beri kullandığı ve
emekçi kesimleri doğrudan rencide edici söylemi, Sarı Yelekliler’in sergilediği kolektif
eylem çerçevelerinin ana malzemesini sağlamıştır. Ayrıca, sarı yeleklerin neoliberalizm
karşısında bir görünürlük sembolü olarak kullanılması kendi içerisinde bir çerçeveleme
eylemi teşkil etmektedir. Makalenin küresel ve tarihsel önemde bir toplumsal olayı
açıklamaya yönelik ampirik katkısı bir yana; kuramsal olarak da, “siyasal fırsatlar”
merkezli yapısalcı ve tepeden inmeci eğilimlere mesafe koyup, aynı zamanda öznel
etkenleri göz önünde bulundurarak literatüre katkı sağlamak amaçlanmaktadır.

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Year 2019, Volume: 43 Issue: 2, 435 - 458, 28.06.2019

Abstract

References

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There are 81 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Articles / Articles
Authors

Efe Can Gürcan This is me

Publication Date June 28, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 43 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gürcan, E. C. (2019). Bir “Siyasal Süreç” Olarak Fransız Sarı Yelekliler Hareketi’nin Ortaya Çıkışı. Mülkiye Dergisi, 43(2), 435-458.
AMA Gürcan EC. Bir “Siyasal Süreç” Olarak Fransız Sarı Yelekliler Hareketi’nin Ortaya Çıkışı. Mülkiye Dergisi. June 2019;43(2):435-458.
Chicago Gürcan, Efe Can. “Bir ‘Siyasal Süreç’ Olarak Fransız Sarı Yelekliler Hareketi’nin Ortaya Çıkışı”. Mülkiye Dergisi 43, no. 2 (June 2019): 435-58.
EndNote Gürcan EC (June 1, 2019) Bir “Siyasal Süreç” Olarak Fransız Sarı Yelekliler Hareketi’nin Ortaya Çıkışı. Mülkiye Dergisi 43 2 435–458.
IEEE E. C. Gürcan, “Bir ‘Siyasal Süreç’ Olarak Fransız Sarı Yelekliler Hareketi’nin Ortaya Çıkışı”, Mülkiye Dergisi, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 435–458, 2019.
ISNAD Gürcan, Efe Can. “Bir ‘Siyasal Süreç’ Olarak Fransız Sarı Yelekliler Hareketi’nin Ortaya Çıkışı”. Mülkiye Dergisi 43/2 (June 2019), 435-458.
JAMA Gürcan EC. Bir “Siyasal Süreç” Olarak Fransız Sarı Yelekliler Hareketi’nin Ortaya Çıkışı. Mülkiye Dergisi. 2019;43:435–458.
MLA Gürcan, Efe Can. “Bir ‘Siyasal Süreç’ Olarak Fransız Sarı Yelekliler Hareketi’nin Ortaya Çıkışı”. Mülkiye Dergisi, vol. 43, no. 2, 2019, pp. 435-58.
Vancouver Gürcan EC. Bir “Siyasal Süreç” Olarak Fransız Sarı Yelekliler Hareketi’nin Ortaya Çıkışı. Mülkiye Dergisi. 2019;43(2):435-58.
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