mmj Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi 2148-8118 2618-6020 Mugla Sitki Kocman University Clinical Sciences Klinik Tıp Bilimleri Pathophysiology of Addiction Bağımlılığın Patofizyolojisi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0466-7294 Kaya Egemen MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, TEMEL TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, FİZYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7270-2373 Akpınar Deniz MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, TEMEL TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, BİYOFİZİK ANABİLİM DALI https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6309-8135 Akpınar Havva Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Anabilim Dalı, Muğla 12 31 2019 6 3 166 170 12 26 2019 12 31 2019 Copyright © 2014, Medical Journal of Mugla Sitki Kocman University 2014 Medical Journal of Mugla Sitki Kocman University

The use of alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs, apartfrom causing health problems, alsoincreases the loss of labor andtendency to crime. Addiction not only occurs against substances, butalso varies as gambling, internet, eating, work, exercise and shoppingaddiction. Although it can be treated, it is characterized by the highfrequency of recurrences. Brain parts, environmental and individual factors,genetic characteristics play a major role in the development of addiction.While the substance use causes addiction, they lead to changes in the rewardsystem, decision-making and memory related brain parts. The mesocorticolimbicsystem is an important part of the reward system. Dopamine is the mainneurotransmitter in this system. Behaviors such as gambling, internet use,eating and shopping also increase the release of dopamine by activating thereward pathway, such as substances that cause addiction. Disorders in themesocorticolimbic pathway and associated brain parts play a role in theformation of addiction. Apart from the dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic system,other systems and neurotansmitters are thought to be effective in thedevelopment of addiction.

Alkol, sigara ve yasaklımaddelerin kullanımı, yol açtığı sağlık problemlerinin yanında, iş gücündekayba ve suça eğilimde artmaya sebep olmasıyla, ortaya çıkan maddi ve manevihasarı daha da arttırmaktadır. Bağımlılık sadece maddelere karşı oluşmamakta,kumar, internet, yeme, iş, egzersiz, alışveriş bağımlılığı gibi türlerle degünümüzde giderek çeşitliliği artmaktadır. Tedavi edilebilmesine rağmen,nükslerin sıklığı ile karakterizedir. Beyin yapıları, çevresel ve kişiye bağlıetkenler, genetik özellikler bağımlılık gelişiminde rol oynamaktadır.Kullanılan maddeler bağımlılık oluşumuna sebep olurken, ödül sistemi, kararverme, hafıza ile ilgili beyin yapılarında değişikliklere yol açmaktadır.Mezokortikolimbik sistem, ödül sisteminin önemli bir parçasını oluşturmaktadır.Dopamin bu sistemdeki ana nörotransmiterdir. Kumar, internet kullanımı, yeme,alışveriş gibi davranışlar da, bağımlılığa yol açan maddeler gibi ödül yolağınıaktive ederek, DA salımını arttırmaktadır. Mezokortikolimbik yolak vebağlantılı beyin yapılarındaki bozukluklar bağımlılık oluşumunda roloynamaktadır. Dopaminerjik mezokortikolimbik sistem dışında, başka sistem venörotansmiterlerin de bağımlılık gelişiminde etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir

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