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History of Prostate Specific Antigen

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 184 - 188, 31.05.2019
https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.543502

Abstract

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) has become an indispensable tumor marker
for the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of prostate cancer 35 years after the
discovery. Nevertheless, various discussions on PSA are ongoing. One of the
oldest discussions is about the discovery of PSA. In 1984, T. Ming Chu was
named PSA's explorer. The protein was patented on its name with patent number
4446122. Chu collected all the prizes. But many other scientists, such as Rubin
Hyman Flocks and Richard J. Ablin, had an undeniable share in discovering the
antigen.

Flocks set out to achieve a prostate-specific protein in the planning
phase of his work. He did not realize that the protein he had discovered was
prostate specific. In this case, Flocks may be the first to discover the
antigen chronologically. We can compare the fate of Flocks to Christopher
Columbus. Americo Vespuci saw that the lands he reached were unknown places and
gave his name there. That's exactly what T. Ming Chu did. There is almost no
reference to Flocks in the articles. Rubin Hyman Flocks, however, has made
quite accurate decisions about the PSA.





The discovery led to radical changes in the approach to prostate cancer.
Nevertheless, there is no Nobel Prize yet. This was interpreted as an indirect
indication that the debate on PSA discovery is still alive.

References

  • 1. Najeeb, M.A., et al., A novel classification of prostate specific antigen (PSA) biosensors based on transducing elements. Talanta, 2017. 168: p. 52-61.
  • 2. Catalona, W.J., History of the discovery and clinical translation of prostate-specific antigen. Asian Journal of Urology, 2014. 1(1): p. 12-14.
  • 3. Rao, A.R., H.G. Motiwala, and O.M.A. Karim, The discovery of prostate-specific antigen. BJU International, 2008. 101(1): p. 5-10.
  • 4. Blog, H., Should men get PSA tests to screen for prostate cancer?, in The Wall Street Journal. 2012.
  • 5. Flocks, R.H., et al., Studies on the Antigenic Properties of Prostatic Tissue I. The Journal of Urology, 1960. 84(1): p. 134-143.
  • 6. Hara M, I.T., et al., Preparation and immunoelectrophoretic assessment of antisera to human seminal plasma. Nippon Hoigaku Zasshi, 1966. 20: p. 356.
  • 7. Li, T.S. and C.G. Beling, Isolation and characterization of two specific antigens of human seminal plasma. Fertil Steril, 1973. 24(2): p. 134-44.
  • 8. Sokoll, L.J. and D.W. Chan, Prostate-specific antigen. Its discovery and biochemical characteristics. Urol Clin North Am, 1997. 24(2): p. 253-9.
  • 9. Sensabaugh, G.F., Isolation and characterization of a semen-specific protein from human seminal plasma: a potential new marker for semen identification. J Forensic Sci, 1978. 23(1): p. 106-15.
  • 10. Sensabaugh, G.F. and E.T. Blake, Seminal plasma protein p30: simplified purification and evidence for identity with prostate specific antigen. J Urol, 1990. 144(6): p. 1523-6.
  • 11. Wang, M.C., et al., Purification of a human prostate specific antigen. Invest Urol, 1979. 17(2): p. 159-63.
  • 12. Papsidero, L.D., et al., A prostate antigen in sera of prostatic cancer patients. Cancer Res, 1980. 40(7): p. 2428-32.
  • 13. Stamey, T.A., et al., Prostate-Specific Antigen as a Serum Marker for Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate. New England Journal of Medicine, 1987. 317(15): p. 909-916.
  • 14. Wang, M.C., et al., Which prostate antigen is which? Clin Chem, 1985. 31(8): p. 1405-6.
  • 15. Akiyama, K., et al., The chymotrypsin-like activity of human prostate-specific antigen, gamma-seminoprotein. FEBS Lett, 1987. 225(1-2): p. 168-72.
  • 16. Hara, M. and H. Kimura, Two prostate-specific antigens, gamma-seminoprotein and beta-microseminoprotein. J Lab Clin Med, 1989. 113(5): p. 541-8.
  • 17. Ablin, R.J., On the identification and characterization of prostate-specific antigen. Hum Pathol, 1993. 24(7): p. 811-2.
  • 18. Ablin, R.J., A retrospective look at studies on prostate-specific antigen. Clin Chem, 1985. 31(3): p. 497-8.
  • 19. Ablin, R.J., Prostate-specific antigen: chronology of its identification. Oncology (Williston Park), 1998. 12(7): p. 1016.
  • 20. Wang, M.C., L.D. Papsidero, and T.M. Chu, Prostate-specific antigen, p30, gamma-seminoprotein, and E1. Prostate, 1994. 24(2): p. 107-10.

Prostat Spesifik Antijen’in Tarihi

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 184 - 188, 31.05.2019
https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.543502

Abstract

Prostat Spesifik Antijen (PSA) keşfinden 35 yıl sonra prostat kanseri
tanı, evreleme ve tedavisinde klinisyenlerin vazgeçemeyeceği bir tümör
belirteci haline gelmiştir. Buna rağmen PSA ile ilgili çeşitli tartışmalar
süregelmektedir. En eski tartışmalardan biri de PSA’nın keşfi ile ilgilidir. T.
Ming Chu, 1984 yılında PSA’nın kaşifi ilan edildi. Protein, 4446122 patent
numarası ile onun adına patentlendi. Ödüllerin hepsini Chu topladı. Fakat antijenin
keşfinde Rubin Hyman Flocks, Richard J. Ablin gibi başka birçok bilim adamının
yadsınamaz payı vardı.



Flocks çalışmalarının planlama safhasında prostata özgü bir protein elde
etme hedefi ile yola çıkmıştı. Her ne kadar keşfettiği proteinin prostata spesifik
olduğunu geç fark etse de kronolojik olarak bugün adına PSA denilen proteini
ilk bulan kendisi olabilir. Flocks’un kaderini Kristof Kolomb’unkine
benzetebiliriz. Americo Vespuci keşfettiği toprakların yeni bir yer olduğunu
görüp kendi adını vermişti. T. Ming Chu da tam olarak böyle yaptı. Konu ile
ilgili kaleme alınmış makalelerde Flocks’a neredeyse hiç atıfta
bulunulmamıştır. Oysa Rubin Hyman Flocks, PSA hakkında o günden oldukça
isabetli yargılara varmıştır.



Keşif prostat kanserine karşı yaklaşımı kökten değiştiren sonuçları
beraberinde getirdi. Buna rağmen Chu’nun ödülleri arasında henüz Nobel Ödülü
yoktur. Bu durum PSA’nın keşfi ile ilgili tartışmaların hala diri olduğunun
dolaylı bir göstergesi olarak yorumlanmıştır.

References

  • 1. Najeeb, M.A., et al., A novel classification of prostate specific antigen (PSA) biosensors based on transducing elements. Talanta, 2017. 168: p. 52-61.
  • 2. Catalona, W.J., History of the discovery and clinical translation of prostate-specific antigen. Asian Journal of Urology, 2014. 1(1): p. 12-14.
  • 3. Rao, A.R., H.G. Motiwala, and O.M.A. Karim, The discovery of prostate-specific antigen. BJU International, 2008. 101(1): p. 5-10.
  • 4. Blog, H., Should men get PSA tests to screen for prostate cancer?, in The Wall Street Journal. 2012.
  • 5. Flocks, R.H., et al., Studies on the Antigenic Properties of Prostatic Tissue I. The Journal of Urology, 1960. 84(1): p. 134-143.
  • 6. Hara M, I.T., et al., Preparation and immunoelectrophoretic assessment of antisera to human seminal plasma. Nippon Hoigaku Zasshi, 1966. 20: p. 356.
  • 7. Li, T.S. and C.G. Beling, Isolation and characterization of two specific antigens of human seminal plasma. Fertil Steril, 1973. 24(2): p. 134-44.
  • 8. Sokoll, L.J. and D.W. Chan, Prostate-specific antigen. Its discovery and biochemical characteristics. Urol Clin North Am, 1997. 24(2): p. 253-9.
  • 9. Sensabaugh, G.F., Isolation and characterization of a semen-specific protein from human seminal plasma: a potential new marker for semen identification. J Forensic Sci, 1978. 23(1): p. 106-15.
  • 10. Sensabaugh, G.F. and E.T. Blake, Seminal plasma protein p30: simplified purification and evidence for identity with prostate specific antigen. J Urol, 1990. 144(6): p. 1523-6.
  • 11. Wang, M.C., et al., Purification of a human prostate specific antigen. Invest Urol, 1979. 17(2): p. 159-63.
  • 12. Papsidero, L.D., et al., A prostate antigen in sera of prostatic cancer patients. Cancer Res, 1980. 40(7): p. 2428-32.
  • 13. Stamey, T.A., et al., Prostate-Specific Antigen as a Serum Marker for Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate. New England Journal of Medicine, 1987. 317(15): p. 909-916.
  • 14. Wang, M.C., et al., Which prostate antigen is which? Clin Chem, 1985. 31(8): p. 1405-6.
  • 15. Akiyama, K., et al., The chymotrypsin-like activity of human prostate-specific antigen, gamma-seminoprotein. FEBS Lett, 1987. 225(1-2): p. 168-72.
  • 16. Hara, M. and H. Kimura, Two prostate-specific antigens, gamma-seminoprotein and beta-microseminoprotein. J Lab Clin Med, 1989. 113(5): p. 541-8.
  • 17. Ablin, R.J., On the identification and characterization of prostate-specific antigen. Hum Pathol, 1993. 24(7): p. 811-2.
  • 18. Ablin, R.J., A retrospective look at studies on prostate-specific antigen. Clin Chem, 1985. 31(3): p. 497-8.
  • 19. Ablin, R.J., Prostate-specific antigen: chronology of its identification. Oncology (Williston Park), 1998. 12(7): p. 1016.
  • 20. Wang, M.C., L.D. Papsidero, and T.M. Chu, Prostate-specific antigen, p30, gamma-seminoprotein, and E1. Prostate, 1994. 24(2): p. 107-10.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Review
Authors

Oktay Özman 0000-0003-2499-8947

Zübeyr Talat This is me 0000-0002-0507-6552

Ahmet Erözenci This is me 0000-0002-6389-5353

Publication Date May 31, 2019
Submission Date March 22, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özman, O., Talat, Z., & Erözenci, A. (2019). Prostat Spesifik Antijen’in Tarihi. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi Ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi, 9(2), 184-188. https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.543502
AMA Özman O, Talat Z, Erözenci A. Prostat Spesifik Antijen’in Tarihi. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi. May 2019;9(2):184-188. doi:10.31020/mutftd.543502
Chicago Özman, Oktay, Zübeyr Talat, and Ahmet Erözenci. “Prostat Spesifik Antijen’in Tarihi”. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi Ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi 9, no. 2 (May 2019): 184-88. https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.543502.
EndNote Özman O, Talat Z, Erözenci A (May 1, 2019) Prostat Spesifik Antijen’in Tarihi. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi 9 2 184–188.
IEEE O. Özman, Z. Talat, and A. Erözenci, “Prostat Spesifik Antijen’in Tarihi”, Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 184–188, 2019, doi: 10.31020/mutftd.543502.
ISNAD Özman, Oktay et al. “Prostat Spesifik Antijen’in Tarihi”. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi 9/2 (May 2019), 184-188. https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.543502.
JAMA Özman O, Talat Z, Erözenci A. Prostat Spesifik Antijen’in Tarihi. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi. 2019;9:184–188.
MLA Özman, Oktay et al. “Prostat Spesifik Antijen’in Tarihi”. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi Ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 2, 2019, pp. 184-8, doi:10.31020/mutftd.543502.
Vancouver Özman O, Talat Z, Erözenci A. Prostat Spesifik Antijen’in Tarihi. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi. 2019;9(2):184-8.

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