Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose Based Injectable Polyurethane Gels

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 29 - 36, 30.06.2023

Fatma Bilge Emre , Fadime Nülüfer Kıvılcım

https://doi.org/10.46572/naturengs.1298413

Abstract

This article describes the synthesis and characterization of cellulose-based injectable polyurethane gels for tissue engineering applications. The gels were prepared by combining a cellulose derivative with a polyurethane precursor and crosslinking agent to form a stable gel under physiological conditions. The resulting gels were evaluated for swelling behavior.
The addition of cellulose to polyurethane is a promising approach to improve the properties of polyurethane. Cellulose is an abundant, environmentally friendly and inexpensive polysaccharide polymer widely used in hydrogels, pharmaceuticals and agriculture. The obtained cellulose-based polyurethane composites were characterized in detail using various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), swelling test measurements and optical microscopy. The results showed that the obtained composites are suitable for the production of injectable insulating materials. The paper also briefly discusses the various uses of polyurethanes in different fields, including furniture manufacturing, medical devices such as hospital beds, catheters, injection-coated devices, wound dressings and surgical dressings, as well as marine, air and land vehicles. In conclusion, this paper provides valuable insights into the development of cellulose-based injectable polyurethane gels for tissue engineering applications and highlights the potential of cellulose as an additive to enhance the properties of polyurethane. The results of this study may contribute to the development of new and improved biomaterials for tissue engineering applications.

Keywords

Polyurethanes, Cellulose, Injectable, Gels.

References

• Klemm, D, Heublein, B, Fink, H.-P, Bohn, A. (2005). Cellulose: Fascinating Biopolymer and Sustainable Raw Material. Angew. Chem. Int., 44, 3358-3393.
• Sundarraj, A. A, Ranganathan, T.V, (2018), A review on cellulose and its utilization fromagro‑industrial waste Drug Invention Today 10(1): 89-94.
• Srinivas, J, Madhav P. Y, Mominul, H, Sajal, B, Shafaet, A, (2022). Cellulosic fraction from agricultural biomass as a viable alternative for plastics and plastic products, Industrial Crops and Products Carbohydr. Polym., 179: 114692.
• Nishiyama, Y, Langan, P, Chanzy, H. (2002). Crystal Structure and Hydrogen-Bonding System in Cellulose Iβ from Synchrotron X-ray and Neutron Fiber Diffraction J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124 (31): 9074–9082.
• O'Brien, J. G, & Chauhan, V. M. (2019). Polyurethane: properties, structure and applications. Encyclopedia of Renewable and Sustainable Materials (pp. 466-474). Elsevier.
• Yılgör, İ, Yılgör, E., (2020). Polyurethanes: Design, Synthesis and Structure-Property Behavior of Versatile Materials, / Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem 48 (5), 425-445.
• Szycher, M. (Ed.), (2012). Polyurethane handbook: chemistry, raw materials, processing, application, properties. CRC press.
• Seymour, R.B., Kauffman, G.B. (1992). Polyurethanes: A class of modern versatile materials. J. Chem. Educ.69,11,909.
• Brydson, J. A, Hamley, I. W. (2005). Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Wiley: Chichester, UK,.
• Saunders, J. H, Frisch, K. C. (1964). Polyurethanes: Chemistry and Technology, Part II: Technology, Interscience: New York, NY, USA.
• Szycher, M. S. (Ed.). (2012). Szycher's handbook of polyurethanes (2nd ed.). CRC Press.
• Frick, A, Rochman A, (2004). Characterization of TPU-elastomers by thermal analysis (DSC), Polymer Testing 23(4):413.
• Bagdi, K, Molnar, K, Pukanszky, B (2009). Thermal analysis of the structure of segmented polyurethane elastomers: Relation to mechanical properties, 111(1): 407-417.
• Dahal, R. K., Acharya, B., & Dutta, A. (2022). Mechanical, Thermal, and Acoustic Properties of Hemp and Biocomposite Materials: A Review. Journal of Composites Science, 6(12), 373.
• Torchio, A., Cassino, C., Lavella, M., Gallina, A., Stefani, A., Boffito, M., & Ciardelli, G. (2021). Injectable supramolecular hydrogels based on custom-made poly(ether urethane)s and α-cyclodextrins as efficient delivery vehicles of curcumin. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 127, 112194.
• Pinto, E.R.P., Barud, H.S., Polito, W.L. et al. (2013), Preparation and characterization of the bacterial cellulose/polyurethane nanocomposites. J Therm Anal Calorim 114, 549–555
• Lim, I., Park, S., Park, H., Knowles, J. C., & Gong, S. (2013). Application of high-strength biodegradable polyurethanes containing different ratios of biobased isomannide and poly (ϵ-caprolactone) diol. Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers, 28(3), 274-288
• Zhao, M., Chen, Z., Hao, L., Chen, H., Zhou, X., & Zhou, H. (2023). CMC based microcapsules for smart delivery of pesticides with reduced risks to the environment. Carbohydrate Polymers, 300, 120260.
• Solís-Correa, R. E., Vargas-Coronado, R., Aguilar-Vega, M., Cauich-Rodríguez, J. V., Román, J. S., & Marcos, A. (2007). Synthesis of HMDI-based segmented polyurethanes and their use in the manufacture of elastomeric composites for cardiovascular applications. Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition, 18(5), 561–578..
• Loheshwari Surithamudu, Shamima Abdul Rahman, & Najwa Mohamad. (2022). Preparation and Characterisation of Sa-Peg and CMC-Peg Cross Linked with Calcium Chloride based Hydrogel for Wound Dressing Application. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 111–117.
• Sebti, I., Chollet, E., Degraeve, P., Noel, C., Peyrol, E., 2007. Water sensitivity, antimicrobial, and physicochemical analyses of edible films based on HPMC and/or chitosan. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55, 693–699.
• García Ibarra, V., Sendón, R, and Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós, A, (2019) Antimicrobial Food Packaging Based on Biodegradable Materials, Carbohydrate Chemistry for Food Scientists (Third Edition), 363-384