Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Eğitim Bilimleri Lisansüstü Öğrencilerinin Üretken Yapay Zekâ Kullanım Deneyimleri ve Etik İkilemleri Üzerine Fenomenolojik Bir Araştırma

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: Özel Sayı, 1 - 22, 29.11.2025

Abstract

Bilimsel bilginin hızla arttığı günümüzde, ülkelerin küresel ölçekte rekabet gücü kazanmasında lisansüstü eğitimin önemli bir rolü bulunmaktadır. Lisansüstü öğrenciler, akademik içerik üretim süreçlerinde giderek artan biçimde üretken yapay zekâ (ÜYZ) araçlarını kullanmaktadır. Ancak bu araçların sunduğu çeşitli fırsatlara rağmen, kullanım sürecinde çeşitli zorluklarla ve etik ikilemlerle karşılaşılması olasıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, eğitim bilimleri alanında lisansüstü öğrenim gören öğrencilerin ÜYZ’yi nasıl anlamlandırdıklarını, bu araçlarla olan deneyimlerini, karşılaştıkları etik ikilemleri ve bu ikilemler karşısında geliştirdikleri çözüm yollarını ortaya koymaktır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim deseninde Ankara ilindeki bir devlet üniversitesinde yürütülen bu araştırmada, dördü doktora, üçü yüksek lisans olmak üzere toplam yedi lisansüstü öğrenciyle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma verileri tematik analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, lisansüstü öğrenciler ÜYZ’yi ağırlıklı olarak hayatı kolaylaştıran bir araç ve kendilerine zengin öğrenme deneyimleri sunan bir bilgi kaynağı olarak değerlendirmişlerdir. Katılımcılar, akademik çevrelerinin ÜYZ’ye ilişkin tepkilerini genel olarak olumlu bulmakla birlikte, bu teknolojilere karşı temkinli ya da dirençli yaklaşımlar sergileyen akademisyenlerin de bulunduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Bazı katılımcılar, başlangıçta katı bir tutum sergileyen akademik çevrenin zamanla daha ılımlı bir yaklaşıma evrildiğini ifade etmişlerdir. Katılımcılar, ÜYZ ‘yi daha çok özet yazımı, kaynakça düzenlenmesi, dil ve anlatım eksikliklerinin giderilmesi, çeviri yapma gibi teknik alanlarda kullandıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Yapay zekânın ayrıca araştırmacılara zamanı etkili kullanma yönünde fırsat sunduğu vurgulanmıştır. Buna karşın, bu araçların düşünme becerilerini zayıflatma ve intihal riskini artırma gibi problemleri de beraberinde getirdiği dile getirilmiştir. Katılımcılar, ÜYZ’nin ürettiği içeriklerin doğruluğundan emin olamama, katılımcı gizliliğini tam anlamıyla sağlayamama ve yapay zekâ araçlarının yazar olarak belirtilip belirtilmemesi gibi durumların kendilerinde etik ikilemlere neden olduğunu ifade etmiştir. Bu etik ikilemlerin üstesinden gelebilmek adına katılımcılar, ÜYZ kullanımının araştırma süreçlerinde açıkça belirtilmesi, üretilen içeriklerin doğruluğunun dikkatle denetlenmesi ve kişisel bilgilerin doğrudan bu araçlarla paylaşılmaması gerektiğini ifade etmişlerdir. Araştırma sonuçlarının, ÜYZ’nin akademik üretim süreçlerinde kullanımına ilişkin katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.

References

  • Abbas, M., Jam, F. A., & Khan, T. I. (2024). Is it harmful or helpful? Examining the causes and consequences of generative AI usage among university students. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 21(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-024-00444-7
  • Banh, L., & Strobel, G. (2023). Generative artificial intelligence. Electronic Markets, 33(1), 63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-023-00680-1
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
  • Brown, T., Mann, B., Ryder, N., Subbiah, M., Kaplan, J. D., Dhariwal, P., ... & Amodei, D. (2020). Language models are few-shot learners. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 33, 1877–1901.
  • Castelvecchi, D. (2016). Can we open the black box of AI? Nature, 538(7623), 20–23. https://doi.org/10.1038/538020a
  • Chan, C. K. Y. (2024). Students’ perceptions of ‘AI-giarism’: Investigating changes in understandings of academic misconduct. Education and Information Technologies, 30, 8087–8108.
  • Chan, C. K. Y., & Hu, W. (2023). Students’ voices on generative AI: Perceptions, benefits, and challenges in higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(43). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00411-8
  • Chiu, T. K. (2024). Future research recommendations for transforming higher education with generative AI. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 6, 100197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100197
  • Coyne, I. T. (1997). Sampling in qualitative research. Purposeful and theoretical sampling; merging or clear boundaries? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26(3), 623–630.
  • Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Cresswell, J. (2013). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage.
  • Cropley, A. J. (2002). Qualitative research methods: A practice oriented introduction for students of psychology and education. Zinātne.
  • Dabis, A., & Csáki, C. (2024). AI and ethics: Investigating the first policy responses of higher education institutions to the challenge of generative AI. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03526-z
  • Deng, X., & Joshi, K. D. (2024). Promoting ethical use of generative AI in education. ACM SIGMIS Database, 55(3), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.1145/3685235.3685237
  • Fan, Y., Tang, L., Le, H., Shen, K., Tan, S., Zhao, Y., ... & Gašević, D. (2025). Beware of metacognitive laziness: Effects of generative artificial intelligence on learning motivation, processes, and performance. British Journal of Educational Technology, 56(2), 489–530. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13544
  • Gregory, R. W., & Narang, S. (2024). AI for learning unleashed: Pioneering generative AI in education at the University of Miami. Journal of Information Technology Teaching Cases. https://doi.org/10.1177/20438869241266258
  • Haroud, S., & Saqri, N. (2025). Generative AI in higher education: Teachers’ and students’ perspectives on support, replacement, and digital literacy. Education Sciences, 15(4), 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15040396
  • Luckin, R., & Holmes, W. (2016). Intelligence unleashed: An argument for AI in education. Pearson.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage.
  • Morse, J. M. (1994). Designing funded qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 220–235). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Nikolopoulou, K. (2024). Generative artificial intelligence in higher education: Exploring ways of harnessing pedagogical practices with the assistance of ChatGPT. International Journal of Changes in Education, 1(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewIJCE42022489
  • Ogunleye, B., Zakariyyah, K. I., Ajao, O., Olayinka, O., & Sharma, H. (2024). A systematic review of generative AI for teaching and learning practice. Education Sciences, 14(6), 636. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14060636
  • Pramjeeth, S., & Ramgovind, P. (2024). Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools in Higher Education: A Moral Compass for the Future? African Journal of Inter/Multidisciplinary Studies, 6(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.51415/ajims.v6i1.1560
  • Reiter, L., Jörling, M., Fuchs, C., Working group ‘Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education’, & Böhm, R. (2025). Student (mis)use of generative AI tools for university-related tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2462083
  • Skulmowski, A., & Engel-Hermann, P. (2025). The ethics of erroneous AI-generated scientific figures. Ethics and Information Technology, 27(2), 31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-025-09835-4
  • Sousa, A. E., & Cardoso, P. (2025). Use of generative AI by higher education students. Electronics, 14(7), 1258. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14071258
  • Swargiary, K. (2024). The Impact of ChatGPT on Student Learning Outcomes: A Comparative Study of Cognitive Engagement, Procrastination, and Academic Performance. GOOGLE.
  • Telli, S. G., & Aydın, S. (2025). Üniversitelerde Yapay Zekânın Kullanımı: Dönüşümler, Getiriler ve Geleceğe Hazırlık. Journal of University Research, 8(1), 139–148. https://doi.org/10.32329/uad.1609305
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2018). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin.
  • Yükseköğretim Bilgi Sistemi (2025). Yükseköğretim Bilgi Sistemi. https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/ adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education – where are the educators? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16, 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0

A Phenomenological Research on Educational Sciences Graduate Students' Generative Artificial Intelligence Use Experiences and Ethical Dilemmas

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: Özel Sayı, 1 - 22, 29.11.2025

Abstract

In today's world where scientific knowledge is rapidly increasing, graduate education has an important role in helping countries gain competitiveness on a global scale. Graduate students are increasingly using generative artificial intelligence (GAI) tools in their academic content production processes. However, despite the various opportunities offered by these tools, it is possible to encounter various challenges and ethical dilemmas in the process of use. The aim of this study is to reveal how graduate students in the field of educational sciences make sense of GAI, their experiences with these tools, the ethical dilemmas they face, and the solutions they develop in the face of these dilemmas. In this study, which was carried out in a state university in Ankara in a phenomenological design from qualitative research methods, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of seven graduate students, four of whom were doctoral students and three were master's students. The research data were analyzed by thematic analysis method. According to the results of the study, postgraduate students predominantly evaluated the use of GAI as a tool that makes life easier and as a source of knowledge that provides them with rich learning experiences. Although the participants found the reactions of their academic circles towards GAI to be generally positive, they also stated that there were some academics who exhibited cautious or resistant approaches towards these technologies. Some participants stated that the academic environment, which initially displayed a rigid attitude, evolved into a more moderate approach over time. Participants stated that they mostly used AI in technical areas such as abstract writing, bibliography editing, eliminating language and expression deficiencies, and translation. It was also emphasized that artificial intelligence offers researchers the opportunity to use time effectively. On the other hand, it was stated that these tools also bring problems such as weakening thinking skills and increasing the risk of plagiarism. Participants stated that the inability to be sure of the accuracy of the content produced by the GAI, the inability to fully ensure participant confidentiality, and whether the AI tools should be identified as the author caused ethical dilemmas for them. To overcome these ethical dilemmas, the participants stated that the use of GAIs should be clearly stated in the research processes, the accuracy of the content produced should be carefully checked, and personal information should not be shared directly with these tools. The results of the research are expected to contribute to the use of GAI in academic writing processes.

References

  • Abbas, M., Jam, F. A., & Khan, T. I. (2024). Is it harmful or helpful? Examining the causes and consequences of generative AI usage among university students. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 21(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-024-00444-7
  • Banh, L., & Strobel, G. (2023). Generative artificial intelligence. Electronic Markets, 33(1), 63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-023-00680-1
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
  • Brown, T., Mann, B., Ryder, N., Subbiah, M., Kaplan, J. D., Dhariwal, P., ... & Amodei, D. (2020). Language models are few-shot learners. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 33, 1877–1901.
  • Castelvecchi, D. (2016). Can we open the black box of AI? Nature, 538(7623), 20–23. https://doi.org/10.1038/538020a
  • Chan, C. K. Y. (2024). Students’ perceptions of ‘AI-giarism’: Investigating changes in understandings of academic misconduct. Education and Information Technologies, 30, 8087–8108.
  • Chan, C. K. Y., & Hu, W. (2023). Students’ voices on generative AI: Perceptions, benefits, and challenges in higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(43). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00411-8
  • Chiu, T. K. (2024). Future research recommendations for transforming higher education with generative AI. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 6, 100197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100197
  • Coyne, I. T. (1997). Sampling in qualitative research. Purposeful and theoretical sampling; merging or clear boundaries? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26(3), 623–630.
  • Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Cresswell, J. (2013). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage.
  • Cropley, A. J. (2002). Qualitative research methods: A practice oriented introduction for students of psychology and education. Zinātne.
  • Dabis, A., & Csáki, C. (2024). AI and ethics: Investigating the first policy responses of higher education institutions to the challenge of generative AI. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03526-z
  • Deng, X., & Joshi, K. D. (2024). Promoting ethical use of generative AI in education. ACM SIGMIS Database, 55(3), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.1145/3685235.3685237
  • Fan, Y., Tang, L., Le, H., Shen, K., Tan, S., Zhao, Y., ... & Gašević, D. (2025). Beware of metacognitive laziness: Effects of generative artificial intelligence on learning motivation, processes, and performance. British Journal of Educational Technology, 56(2), 489–530. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13544
  • Gregory, R. W., & Narang, S. (2024). AI for learning unleashed: Pioneering generative AI in education at the University of Miami. Journal of Information Technology Teaching Cases. https://doi.org/10.1177/20438869241266258
  • Haroud, S., & Saqri, N. (2025). Generative AI in higher education: Teachers’ and students’ perspectives on support, replacement, and digital literacy. Education Sciences, 15(4), 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15040396
  • Luckin, R., & Holmes, W. (2016). Intelligence unleashed: An argument for AI in education. Pearson.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage.
  • Morse, J. M. (1994). Designing funded qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 220–235). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Nikolopoulou, K. (2024). Generative artificial intelligence in higher education: Exploring ways of harnessing pedagogical practices with the assistance of ChatGPT. International Journal of Changes in Education, 1(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewIJCE42022489
  • Ogunleye, B., Zakariyyah, K. I., Ajao, O., Olayinka, O., & Sharma, H. (2024). A systematic review of generative AI for teaching and learning practice. Education Sciences, 14(6), 636. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14060636
  • Pramjeeth, S., & Ramgovind, P. (2024). Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools in Higher Education: A Moral Compass for the Future? African Journal of Inter/Multidisciplinary Studies, 6(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.51415/ajims.v6i1.1560
  • Reiter, L., Jörling, M., Fuchs, C., Working group ‘Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education’, & Böhm, R. (2025). Student (mis)use of generative AI tools for university-related tasks. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2462083
  • Skulmowski, A., & Engel-Hermann, P. (2025). The ethics of erroneous AI-generated scientific figures. Ethics and Information Technology, 27(2), 31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-025-09835-4
  • Sousa, A. E., & Cardoso, P. (2025). Use of generative AI by higher education students. Electronics, 14(7), 1258. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14071258
  • Swargiary, K. (2024). The Impact of ChatGPT on Student Learning Outcomes: A Comparative Study of Cognitive Engagement, Procrastination, and Academic Performance. GOOGLE.
  • Telli, S. G., & Aydın, S. (2025). Üniversitelerde Yapay Zekânın Kullanımı: Dönüşümler, Getiriler ve Geleceğe Hazırlık. Journal of University Research, 8(1), 139–148. https://doi.org/10.32329/uad.1609305
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2018). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin.
  • Yükseköğretim Bilgi Sistemi (2025). Yükseköğretim Bilgi Sistemi. https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/ adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education – where are the educators? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16, 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Social and Humanities Education (Excluding Economics, Business and Management), Other Fields of Education (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Akça Okan Yüksel 0000-0002-5430-0821

Ahmet Gökmen 0000-0001-9268-7812

Fatih Şahin 0000-0002-6579-2550

Oktay Göktaş 0000-0001-8478-2211

Early Pub Date November 28, 2025
Publication Date November 29, 2025
Submission Date July 31, 2025
Acceptance Date October 6, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: Özel Sayı

Cite

APA Yüksel, A. O., Gökmen, A., Şahin, F., Göktaş, O. (2025). Eğitim Bilimleri Lisansüstü Öğrencilerinin Üretken Yapay Zekâ Kullanım Deneyimleri ve Etik İkilemleri Üzerine Fenomenolojik Bir Araştırma. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Ereğli Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(Özel Sayı), 1-22.