İŞ STRESİ İLE İŞTEN AYRILMA NİYETİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİDE İŞ TATMİNİ VE İŞTE VAR OLAMAMANIN ARACI ROLÜ: AİLE SAĞLIĞI MERKEZLERİNDE BİR UYGULAMA

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 310 - 328, 25.03.2024

Seval Selvi Sarıgül

https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1419435

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bu çalışmada iş stresi ve işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişki ile bu ilişkide işte var olamamanın ve iş tatmininin aracılık etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma Erzincan ili aile sağlığı merkezlerinde görev yapan sağlık çalışanları üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiş ve 68 hekim, 34 hemşire, 37 ebe ve 24 diğer sağlık çalışanları (laborant, acil tıp teknisyeni gibi) olmak üzere toplamda 163 kişiye ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler PROCESS Macro 4.1 eklentili SPSS 25.0 programı ve SPSS 24.0 AMOS programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Aracılık analizi, %95 güven aralığında Bootstrap yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda iş stresinin işten ayrılma niyeti ve işte var olamama değişkenleri üzerinde pozitif yönde, iş tatmini değişkeni üzerinde ise negatif yönde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte işte var olamamanın işten ayrılma niyeti üzerinde pozitif yönde, iş tatmininin işten ayrılma niyeti üzerinde ise negatif yönde anlamlı etkilerinin olduğu saptanmıştır. Son olarak iş stresi ile işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişkide işte var olamama ve iş tatmininin aracılık etkilerinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

İş Stresi, İşten Ayrılma Niyeti, İş Tatmini, İşte Var Olamama, Aile Sağlığı Merkezleri

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION AND PRESENTEEISM IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB STRESS AND TURNOVER INTENTION: AN APPLICATION IN FAMILY HEALTH CENTRES

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between job stress and turnover intention and the mediating effects of presenteeism and job satisfaction in this relationship. The research was conducted on healthcare professionals working in family health centres in Erzincan province and a total of 163 people, including 68 physicians, 34 nurses, 37 midwives and 24 other healthcare professionals (laboratory, emergency medical technician, etc.) were reached. The questionnaire method was used as a data collection tool in the study. The data were analysed using SPSS 25.0 program with PROCESS Macro 4.1 plug-in and the SPSS 24.0 AMOS program. Mediation analysis was performed using the Bootstrap method at 95% confidence interval. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that job stress has a significant positive effect on turnover intention and presenteeism variables and a significant negative effect on the job satisfaction variable. In addition, it was found that presenteeism had a positive effect on turnover intention and job satisfaction had a negative effect on turnover intention. Finally, it was concluded that the relationship between job stress and turnover intention is mediated by presenteeism and job satisfaction.

Keywords

Job Stress, Turnover Intention, Job Satisfaction, Presenteeism, Family Health Centres

References

• Ab Rahman, N., Husin, M., Dahian, K., Mohamad Noh, K., Atun, R., & Sivasampu, S. (2019). Job satisfaction of public and private primary care physicians in Malaysia: analysis of findings from QUALICO-PC. Human Resources for Health, 17(1), 1-10.
• Acaray, A. (2014). Örgüt kültürü, örgütsel sessizlik ve işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kocaeli. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Başkanlığı Tez Merkezi 368542 nolu yayın.
• Akçakaya, R. Ö., & Erden, S. Ç. (2014). Stres ve stresle baş etmede psikiyatrik yaklaşım. Turkish Family Physician, 5(2), 18-25.
• Ali Jadoo, S. A., Aljunid, S. M., Dastan, I., Tawfeeq, R. S., Mustafa, M. A., Ganasegeran, K., & AlDubai, S. A. R. (2015). Job satisfaction and turnover intention among Iraqi doctors-a descriptive cross-sectional multicentre study. Human Resources for Health. 13, 1-11.
• Al-Mansour, K. (2021). Stress and turnover intention among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia during the time of COVID-19: Can social support play a role?. PloS one, 16(10), 1-9.
• Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S. & Yıldırım, E. (2005). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri SPSS uygulamalı. Sakarya Kitapevi.
• Aronsson, G., Gustafsson, K., & Dallner, M. (2000). Sick but yet at work. An empirical study of sickness presenteeism. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 54(7), 502-509.
• Aydın, İ. (2018). Dağıtılmış liderliğin iş stresi kapsamında hizmet kalitesine etkileri: İzmi merkez kamu hastaneleri örneği [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi.
• Aydın, G. Ç., Aytaç, S., & Şanlı, Y. (2021). İşe ilişkin duygular, iş stresi ve tükenmişliğin işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisi: Hemşireler üzerinde bir araştırma. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, 80, 1-35.
• Aydoğmuş, S. (2017). Hemşirelerin çalışma ortamlarının işten ayrılma niyeti ile ilişkisi [Yayımlanmamış yükseklisans tezi]. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Başkanlığı Tez Merkezi 482971 nolu yayın.
• Baek, J., Ki, J., Ryu, J., & Smi, C. K. (2022). Relationship between occupational stress, sleep disturbance, and presenteeism of shiftwork nurses. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 54(5), 631-638.
• Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research-conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
• Baycan, A. F. (1985). Analysis of several effects of job satisfaction between different occupational groups [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Boğaziçi University Institute of Social Sciences, Istanbul. Higher Education Council Presidency Thesis Centre, publication number 369653.
• Bonenberger, M., Aikins, M., Akweongo, P., & Wyss, K. (2014). The effects of health worker motivation and job satisfaction on turnover intention in Ghana: A cross-sectional study. Hum Resour Health. 12, 1-12.
• Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230–258.
• Chao, M. C., Jou, R. C., Liao, C. C., & Kuo, C. W. (2015). Workplace stress, job satisfaction, job performance, and turnover intention of health care workers in rural Taiwan. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 27(2), 1827-1836.
• Chun, B. Y., & Song, C. S. (2020). A moderated mediation analysis of occupational stress, presenteeism, and turnover intention among occupational therapists in Korea. Journal of Occupational Health, 62(1), 1-10.
• Cotton, L. J., & Tuttle, J. M. (1986). Employee turnover: a meta-analysis and review with implications for research. Academy of Management Review, 11(1), 55-70.
• Çankaya, M. (2020). Hastane çalışanlarındaki iş stresinin işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisi. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 8(1), 121-143.
• Demirci, B. (2017). Restoran işletmelerinde rol stresi ve lider-üye etkileşiminin işten ayrılma niyetine etkisi [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Osman Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eskişehir. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Başkanlığı Tez Merkezi 485377nolu yayın.
• Deng, J., Li, Y., Sun, Y., Lei, R., & Yang, T. (2019). Public service motivation as a mediator of the relationship between job stress and presenteeism: a cross-sectional study from Chinese public hospitals. BMC Health Services Research, 19, 1-8.
• Eren, E. (2004). Yönetim psikolojisi ve örgütsel davranış. Beta Basım Yayın.
• Fong, Y. L., & Mahfar, M. (2013). Relationship between occupational stress and turnover intention among employees in a furniture manufacturing company in Selangor, Jurnal Teknologi, 64(1), 33-39.
• Gregov, L., Kovačević, A., & Slišković, A. (2011). Stress among Croatian physicians: comparison between physicians working in emergency medical service and health centers: Pilot study. Croatian Medical Journal, 52, 8-15.
• Gu, J., Zhen, T., Song, Y., & Xu, L. (2019). Job satisfaction of certified primary care physicians in rural Shandong Province, China: A cross-sectional study. BMC health services research, 19, 1-11.
• Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford publications.
• Hobfoll, S. E., Halbesleben, J., Neveu, J.P., & Westman, M. (2018). Conservation of resources in the organizational context: The reality of resources and their consequences. Annual Rev Organizational Psychol Organizational Behaviour, 5, 103-128.
• Iqbal, S., Ehsan, S., Rizwan, M., & Noreen, M. (2014). The impact of organizational commitment, job satisfaction, job stress and leadership support on turnover intention in educational institutes. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 4(2), 181-195.
• Jia, H. H., Gao, S., Shang, P. P., Cao, P., Yu, J. X., & Yu, X. H. (2022). The relationship between public service motivation and turnover intention: the mediating role of work stress and task performance. Environ Health Prev Med, 27(31), 1-10.
• Karabay, M. E. (2015). Sağlık personelinin iş stresi, iş- aile çatışması ve iş-aile-hayat tatminlerine yönelik algılarının işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(26), 113-134.
• Kang, J. W., & Lee, Y. J. (2022). Health-Related factors influencing nurse turnover by clinical Career: A secondary data analysis of clinical nurses in South Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 19, 1-14.
• Koinis, A., Giannou, V., Drantaki, V., Angelaina, S., Stratou, E., & Saridi, M. (2015). The Impact of Healthcare Workers Job Environment on Their Mental-emotional Health. Coping Strategies: The Case of a Local General Hospital. Health Psychology Research, 3(1), 12-17.
• Koopman, C., Pelletıer, K. R., Murray, J. E, Sharda, C. E., Berger, M. L, Turpın, R. S., Hackleman, R., Gıbson, R., Holmes, D. M., & Bendel, X. (2002). “Stanford presenteizm scale: Health status and employee productivity”. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 44(1), 14-20.
• Köse, N. (2020). Örgütsel adaletin işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisinde örgütsel sinizmin aracılık rolü [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Başkanlığı Tez Merkezi 652816 nolu yayın.
• Kuo, H. T., Lin, K. C., & Li, I. C. (2014). The mediating effects of job satisfaction on turnover intention for long- term care nurses in Taiwan. J Nurs Adm Manag. 22, 225-233.
• Kuusio, H., Heponiemi, T., Vänskä, J., Aalto, A. M., Ruskoaho, J., & Elovainio, M. (2013). Psychosocial stress factors and intention to leave job: Differences between foreign-born and Finnish-born general practitioners. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 41(4), 405-411.
• Lambert, E. (2006). I want to leave: A test of a model of turnover intent among correctional staff. Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice, 2(1), 57- 83.
• Linzer, M., Manwell, L. B., Mundt, M., Williams, E., Maguire, A., McMurray, J., & Plane, M. B. (2005). Organizational climate, stress, and error in primary care: the MEMO study. In Henriksen, K., Battles J. B., Marks, E., S., & Lewin, D. I. (Eds.), Advances in Patient Safety: From Research to Implementation (pp. 65-77). Rockville (MD). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
• Linzer, M., Poplau, S., Grossman, E., Varkey, A., Yale, S., Williams, E., Hicks, L., Brown, R., L., Wallock, J., Kohnhorst, D., & Barbouche, M. (2015). A cluster randomized trial of interventions to improve work conditions and clinician burnout in primary care: Results from the Healthy Work Place (HWP) study. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 30(8), 1105-1111.
• Liu, J., Zhu, B., Wu, J., & Mao, Y. (2019). Job satisfaction, work stress, and turnover intentions among rural health workers: A cross-sectional study in 11 western provinces of China. BMC Family Practice, 20, 1-11.
• Lundberg, U., & Cooper, C. (2010). The science of occupational health: Stress, psychobiology, and the new world of work. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
• Mallinckrodt, B., Abraham, W. T., Wei, M. & Russell, D. W. (2006). Advances in testing the statistical significance of mediation effects. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(3), 372-378.
• Moç, T. (2018). Örgütsel adalet algısının çalışanların işte yabancılaşmaya etkisinde tükenmişliğin ve presenteizmin rolü [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Atatürk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Erzurum. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Başkanlığı Tez Merkezi 503447 nolu yayın.
• Monojit, C., & Tilley, C. J. (2002). Sickness, absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick pay. Oxford Economic Papers, 54, 669-687.
• Mosadeghrad, A. M., Ferlie, E., & Rosenberg, D. (2011). A study of relationship between job stress, quality of working life and turnover ıntention among hospital employees. Health Services Management Research, 24, 170-181.
• Ning, L., Jia, H., Gao, S., Liu, M., Xu, J., Ge, S., Li, M., & Yu, X. (2023). The mediating role of job satisfaction and presenteeism on the relationship between job stress and turnover intention among primary health care workers. International Journal for Equity in Health, 22(1), 155: 1-11.
• Olasupo, M. O. (2023). Moderated mediation analysis of presenteeism and workplace health promotion program between emotional exhaustion and turnover intention among nurses. Journal of Medicine Surgery and Public Health, 1, 1-8.
• Örnek, A. Ş., & Aydın, Ş. (2008). Kriz ve stres yönetimi. Detay Yayıncılık.
• Özdevecioğlu, M. (2004). Algılanan örgütsel desteğin işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkileri. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 37(4), 97-115.
• Özkan, A., & Kantek, F. (2021). Yönetici hemşirelerde iş stresi, yönetici olarak çalışma memnuniyeti ve kurumdan ayrılma niyeti. Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi, 8(2), 181-191.
• Özyer, K. (2010). Etik iklim ve işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişkide örgütsel bağlılık ve iş tatmininin düzenleyici rolü [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Başkanlığı Tez Merkezi 265240 nolu yayın.
• Parker, D. F., & DeCotiis, T. A. (1983). Organizational determinants of job stress. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 32, 160-177.
• Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 36(4), 717-731.
• Riklikienė, O., Krušinskaitė, D., Gatautis, R., & Bagdonaitė, Ž. (2015). Nurses’ work-related stress, job satisfaction, and intent to leave: A survey in primary health care centers. NERP, 5(1), 11-20.
• Sabuncuoğlu, Z. (2012). İnsan kaynakları yönetimi. Beta Basım Yayın Dağıtım.
• Said, R.M., & El-Shafei, D.A. (2021). Occupational stress, job satisfaction, and intent to leave: nurses working on front lines during COVID-19 pandemic in Zagazig City, Egypt. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 28, 8791-8801.
• Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
• Shader, K., Broome, M. E., Broome, C. D., West, M. E., & Nash, M. (2001). Factors influencing satisfaction and anticipated turnover for nurses in an academic medical center. J Nurs Adm. 31, 210-216.
• Shadfar, S., & Malekmohammadi, I. (2013). Application of structural equation modeling (SEM) in restructuring state intervention strategies toward paddy production development. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(12), 576-618.
• Siegrist, J. (1996). Adverse health effects of high-effort/low-reward conditions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1(1), 27–41.
• Starc, J. (2018). Stress factors among nurses at the primary and secondary level of public sector health care: The case of Slovenia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 6(2), 416–422.
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Pearson.
• Tekingündüz, S., Top, M., & Seçkin, M. (2015). İş tatmini, performans, iş stresi ve işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi: Hastane örneği. Verimlilik Dergisi, 4, 39-64.
• Teleş, M. (2023). Birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde çalışan sağlık personelinde iş stresinin işten ayrılma niyetine etkisi. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, 26(2), 363-378.
• Teoman, D. D. (2007). Performans değerlendirme sürecinde oluşan adalet algısı, bu algının iç, dış ve sosyal ödüllerle olan ilişkisinin işten ayrılma niyetine olan etkisi [Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Başkanlığı Tez Merkezi 215019 nolu yayın.
• Tett, R. P., & Meyer, J. P. (1993). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: path analyses based on meta‐analytic findings. Personnel psychology, 46(2), 259-293.
• Uzun, Ö., & Yiğit, E. (2011). Örgütsel stres ve örgütsel bağlılık ilişkisi üzerine orta kademe otel yöneticileri üzerinde yapılan bir araştırma. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 6(1), 181-213.
• Veloutsou, C. A., & Panigyrakis, G. G. (2004). Consumer brand managers’ job stress, job satisfaction, perceived performance and intention to leave. Journal of Marketing Management, 20(1-2), 105-131.
• VanderWeele, T. J. (2016). Mediation analysis: A practitioner’s guide. Annual Review of Public Health, 37, 17-32.
• Wang, H., Jin, Y., Wang, D., Zhao, S., Sang, X., & Yuan, B. (2020). Job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intention among primary care providers in rural China: results from structural equation modeling. BMC family practice, 21, 1-10.
• Wayne, S. J., Shore, L. M., & Liden, R. C. (1997). Perceived organizational support and leadermember exchange: a social exchange perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 40(1), 82-111.
• Weiss, D.J., Dawis, R.V., England, G.W. & Lofquist, L.H. (1967). Manual for the minnesota satisfaction questionnaire. Minneapolis.
• Wężyk, A., & Czarnecka, K. (2019). Presenteeism among healthcare sector specialists. In healthcare policy and reform: Concepts, methodologies, tools, and applications (pp. 1300-1321). IGI Global.
• Wynen, J., Boon, J., & Verlinden, S. (2022). Reform stress in the public sector? Linking change diversity to turnover intentions and presenteeism among civil servants using a matching approach. Public Performance & Management Review, 45(3), 605-637.
• Xia, Y., & Yang, Y. (2019). RMSEA, CFI and TLI in structural equation modeling with ordered categorical data: The story they tell depends on the estimation methods. Behavior Research Methods, 51(1), 409-428.
• Yang, J. T. (2008). Effect of newcomer socialisation on organizational commitment, job satisfaction and turnover intention in the hotel industry. The Service Industries Journal, 28(84), 429-443.
• Yang, T., Zhu, M., & Xie, X. (2016). The determinants of presenteeism: a comprehensive investigation of stress‐related factors at work, health, and individual factors among the aging workforce. Journal of Occupational Health, 58(1), 25-35.
• Yang, T., Guo, Y., Ma, M., Li, Y., Tian, H., & Deng, J. (2017). Job stress and presenteeism among Chinese healthcare workers: the mediating effects of affective commitment. International Journal of Environmental Research And Public Health, 14(9), 978.
• Yang, T., Ma, M., Guo, Y., Li, Y., Tian, H., Liu, Y., ... & Deng, J. (2020). Do job stress, health, and presenteeism differ between Chinese healthcare workers in public and private hospitals: A cross sectional study. Psychology Health and Medicine, 25(6), 653-665.
• Yong, L., Xiao-Min, H., Xiao-Liang, H., Xiao-Dong, Z., Pi, G., Li-Fen, F., Wei, H., Long, C., Huachun, Z., & Yuan-Tao, H. (2017). The relationship between job satisfaction, work stress, work–family conflict, and turnover intention among physicians in Guangdong, China: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 7, 1-12.
• Yücel, İ., & Demirel Y. (2013). Mevcut iş alternatiflerinin iş tatmini ve işten ayrılma ilişkisi üzerine etkisi: Başka bir yol daha olmalı. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 27(2), 159-177.
• Zhang X, Bian L, Bai X, Kong D, Liu L, Chen Q, Li N. (2020). The influence of job satisfaction, resilience and work engagement on turnover intention among village doctors in China: A cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res. 20, 1-11.