Novus Orbis: Journal of Politics and International Relations is committed to maintaining the highest standards of academic integrity and ethical publishing.

All manuscripts submitted to the journal are screened for plagiarism and textual similarity before the peer review process.

The journal uses plagiarism detection software such as iThenticate and/or Turnitin to evaluate the originality of submissions.

Similarity reports are evaluated qualitatively by the editorial team. The journal does not rely solely on numerical similarity percentages. Similarity results are assessed in the context of quotations, references, methodology descriptions, legally reused material, and the overall academic integrity of the manuscript.

The following practices are considered unethical and are strictly prohibited:

• plagiarism,

• self-plagiarism,

• duplicate publication,

• fabricated or falsified data,

• unattributed quotations,

• inappropriate text recycling,

• and other forms of unethical academic conduct.

Manuscripts containing ethical violations may be rejected before peer review, during the evaluation process, or after publication where necessary.

Where serious ethical violations are identified after publication, the journal reserves the right to publish corrections, expressions of concern, or retraction notices in accordance with international publication ethics standards.

Authors are fully responsible for the originality and ethical compliance of their submissions.