FİRMALARDA ÖZÜMSEME KAPASİTESİNİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: TEKNOPARK FİRMALARI ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2016, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 288 - 311, 13.10.2016

Fahri Sakarya Ali Kılıç , Hakan Eren

Abstract

Günümüz rekabet ortamında, rakiplerinden daha hızlı şekilde yeni teknolojileri edinebilmek, firmalar için çok kritik bir hal almıştır. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki firmalar incelendiğinde, yurt içerisinde bulunan üniversiteler ile yapılan iş birlikleri neticesinde gerçekleştirilen teknoloji transferi (TT)’nin temel teknoloji edinim yöntemlerinden olduğu görülmektedir. Yazım alanı incelendiğinde, TT’yi gerçekleştirebilmek için firmaların kurumsal olarak, bilgi ve teknolojiyi edinme, asimile etme, dönüştürme ve ondan faydalanma yeteneğine sahip olmalarının gerekli olduğu görülmektedir. Söz konusu bu yetenek “Özümseme Kapasitesi (ÖK)” olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bu durumda TT hedefleyen firmaların ÖK yeteneklerini geliştirmeleri, firmaların TT performanslarını yükseltebilmeleri için, ÖK’yi artıran faaliyetleri tespit ederek bunları arttırmaya dönük çalışmaları yapmaları gerekmektedir. Bu değişkenlerin tespiti ve ÖK üzerindeki muhtemel etkilerinin ortaya konulması, bu çalışmanın sorunsalı olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ankara ilinde yer alan 157 teknopark firmasına yukarıdaki sorunsal kapsamında ölçek uygulaması yapılmıştır. Yapılan regresyon analizleri neticesinde, teknopark hizmetleri ile teknopark içi iş birliklerinin firmaların ÖK’ni anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Özümseme Kapasitesi, Teknoloji Transferi, Teknopark Hizmetleri, Teknopark İçi İş Birlikleri, Firmalar

References

• • Alp, N., and Al., (1997). Technology Acquisition and Utilization Model, Computers & Industrial Engineering, 33, 7-10.
• • Andrawına, L., and Al., (2008). The effect of Interorganizational Relationship on Knowledge Sharing Capability and Absorptive Capacity, Proceedings of the 9th Asia Pasific Industrial Engineering & Management Systems Conference, Indonesia, 837-848.
• • Ankara Üniversitesi Teknoloji Geliştirme Bölgesi İnternet Sitesi, 2015. http://www.ankutek.com/.
• • Ashekele, H.M. and Matengu, K., (2008). Success Factors in Technology Transfer to SME’s: Rundu Woodwork Common Facility Center, Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering&Technology 2008, Güney Afrika.
• • Avrupa Komisyonu Raporu, (2007). Regional Research Intensive Clusters and Science Parks.
• • Barney, J., (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage, Journal of Management, 17, 771-792.
• • Bellavısta, J. and Sanz, L., (2009). Science and Technology Parks: Habitats of Innovation: Introduction to Special Section, Science and Public Policy, 36, 499-510.
• • Bilkent Cyberpark İnternet Sitesi, 2015. http://www.cyberpark.com.tr/tr/.
• • Büyüköztürk, Ş. ve Gülbahar, Y., (2008). Değerlendirme Tercihleri Ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye Uyarlanması, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 35, 148-161.
• • Carayol, N., (2003). Objectives, Agreements and Matching in Science-Industry Collaborations: Reassembling the Pieces of the Puzzle, Research Policy, 32, 887-908.
• • Chan, K., and Al., (2010). Knowledge Exchange Behaviours of Science Park Firms: The Innovation Hub Case, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 22, 207-228.
• • Chİnho, L., and Al., (2002). The Critical Factors for Technology Absorptive Capacity, Industrial Management + Data Systems, 102, 300-308.
• • Chİnho, L., and Al., (2004). The Impact of Technology Absorptive Capacity on Technology Transfer Performance, International Journal of Technology Transfer and Commercialization, 3, 4, 384-409.
• • Cohen, W.M. and Levinthal, D.A., (1990). Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation, Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 128-152.
• • Del Carmen Haro-Domınguez, M., and Al., (2007). The Impact of Absorptive Capacity on Technological Acquisitions Engineering Consulting Companies, Technovation, 27, 8, 417-425.
• • D’este, P. and Patel, P., (2007). University-Industry Linkages in the UK: What are the Factors Determining the Variety of Interactions with Industry?, Research Policy, 36, 1295-1313.
• • Erün, T., (2012). Ankara'daki Teknopark Firmalarının Teknopark İçerisindeki İşbirliği Uygulamalarının Teknoloji Transfer Performansı Üzerine Etkisi (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Ankara Kara Harp Okulu Savunma Bilimleri Enstitüsü Teknoloji Yönetimi Ana Bilim Dalı.
• • Flatten, T., and Al., (2011). A Measure of Absorptive Capacity: Scale Development and Validation, European Management Journal, 29, 98-116.
• • Ford, C., (1996). A Theory of İndividual Creative Action in Multiple Social Domains, Academy of Management Review, 21, 1112-1142.
• • Fosfuri, A. and Tribo, J.A., (2006). Exploring The Antecedents of Potential Absorptive Capacity And İts İmpact on İnnovation Performance”, 2006, http://e-archivo.uc3m.es/bitstream/10016/7446/1/exploring_tribo_O_ 2008_ ps.pdf>.
• • Gazi Teknokent İnternet Sitesi, 2015. <http://www.gaziteknopark.com.tr/tr/>.
• • Hacettepe Teknokent İnternet Sitesi, 2015. http://www.hacettepeteknokent. com.tr/.
• • Hall, B.H., and Al., (2001). Barriers Inhibiting Industry from Partnering with University: Evidence from the Advanced Technology Program, Journal of Technology Transfer, 26, 87-98.
• • Hambleton, R.K. and Patsula, L., (1999). Increasing the Validity of Adapted Tests: Myths to be Avoided and Guideliness for Improving Test Adaptation Practices, Journal of Applied Testing Technology, 1, 1-13.
• • Hamel, G. and Prahalad, C.K., (1989). Strategic Intent, Harvard Business Review, 67, 3, 63-76.
• • Henderson, R. and Cockburn, I., (1998). Absorptive Capacity, Coauthoring Behavior, and the Organization of Research in Drug Discovery, Journal of Industrial Economics, 46, 2, 157-182.
• • Hernard, D.H. and Mcfadyen, M.A., (2008). Making Knowledge Workers More Creative, Research Technology Management, 52, 40-46.
• • Kamıen, M. and Zang, I., (2000). Meet me Half Way:Research Joint Ventures and Absorptive Capacity, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 18, 7, 995-1012.
• • Karasar, N., (2002). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti.
• • Kedıa, B. and Bhagat, R.S., (1988). Cultural Constraints on Transfer of Technology Across Nations: Implications for Research in International and Comparative Management, Academy of Management Review, 13, 4, 559-571.
• • Kılıç, A., (2009). Ankara’daki Teknoparklarda Türk Savunma Sanayi Tarafından Sürdürülen Teknoloji Transfer Uygulamalarının Analizi: Odtü Teknopark ve Bilkent Cyberpark Uygulamaları (Doktora Tezi), Ankara, Kara Harp Okulu Savunma Bilimleri Enstitüsü Teknoloji Yönetimi Ana Bilim Dalı.
• • Kim, L., (1998). Crisis Construction and Organizational Learning: Capability Building in Catching-up at Hyundai Motor, Organization Science, 9, 506-521.
• • Kim, L., (1997). The Dynamics of Samsung’s Technological Learning in Semiconducters, California Management Review, 39, 3, 86-100.
• • Kiper, M., (2010). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Üniversite-Sanayi İşbirliği ve Bu Kapsamda Üniversite-Sanayi Ortak Araştırma Merkezleri Programı (ÜSAMP), Ankara, İşkur Matbaacılık.
• • Lado, A. and Vozikis, G., (1996). Transfer of Technology to Promote Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries: An Integration and Proposed Framework, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 21,2, 55-72.
• • Lane, P., and Al., (2006). The Reification of Absorptive Capacity: A Critical Review and Rejuvenation of the Construct, Academy of Management Review, 31, 4, 833-863.
• • Lawshe, C.H., (2006). A quantiative Approach to Content Validity, Personel Psychology, 28, 1975, 563-575, Büyüköztürk, Şener. Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı, Ankara, Pegem Yayıncılık.
• • Lenox, M. and King, A., (2004). Prospects for Developing Absorptive Capacity Through Internal Information Provision, Strategic Management Journal, 25, 331-345.
• • Levinson, N.S. and Asahi, M., (1995). Cross-national Alliances and Interorganizational Learning, Organisational Dynamics, 24, 2, 50-63.
• • Li-Hua, R., (2004). Technology and Knowledge Transfer in China, İngiltere, Ashgate Publishing Limited.
• • Malairaja, C. and Zawdie, G., (2008). Science Parks and University-Industry Collaboration in Malaysia, Technology Analysis&Strategic Management, 20, 727-739.
• • Matusik, S.F. ve Heeley, M.B., (2005). Absorptive Capacity in Software Industry: Identifying Dimensions That Affect Knowledge and Knowledge Creation Activities, Journal of Management, 31, 4, 549-572.
• • Miles, I., (2008). Patterns of Innovation in Service Industries, IBM Systems Journal, 47, 115-128.
• • Moradian, A. and Al., (2010). “rioritization of Technology Transfer Methods to Downstream Petrochemical Industries in Developing Countries, Terengganu International Business and Economics Conference 2010, Terengganu, 1041-1059.
• • Mowery, D., (1983). The Relationship Between Intrafirm and Contractual Forms of Industrial Research in American Manufacturing, 1900-1940, Explorations in Economic History, 20, 351-374.
• • Murovec, N. and Prodan, I., (2008). The Influence of Organizational Absorptive Capacity on Product and Process Innovation, Organizacija, 41, 43-49.
• • Murphy, P. and Pauleen, D., (2007). Managing Paradox in a World of Knowledge, Management Decision, 45, 1008-1022.
• • Nonaka, I. and Takeuchi, H., (1995). The Knowledge Creating Company, New York, Oxford University Press.
• • ODTÜ Teknokent İnternet Sitesi, 2015. http://www.metutech.metu.edu.tr/cms/index.php?Lang=TR&Bid=1&Bbid=1.
• • Othman, A., and Al., (2011). Development of Absorption Capability Attributes for Technology Trensfer Performance: A Pilot Study in National Automotive Industry, International Management Conference, Malezya.
• • Othman, A., and Al., (2009). Investigation of Knowledge Management and Technology Absorption Attributes Toward Technology Transfer Success in Automotive Industry, National Conference on Postgraduate Research, Malezya.
• • Özdemir, M.T., (2006). Türkiye’deki Teknopark Girişimlerinin Mevcut Durumu ve Dünyadaki Örnekler Doğrultusunda Türkiye için Model Önerisi (Savunma Sanayi Müsteşarlığı Uzmanlık Tezi), Ankara, Savunma Sanayi Müsteşarlığı.
• • Perkmann, M. and Walsh, K., (2008). Engaging the Scholar: Three Forms of Academic Consulting and Their Impact on Universities and Industry, Research Policy, 37, 1884-1891.
• • Phıllıps, S.A.M. and Yeung, H.W., (2003). A Place for R&D? The Singapore Science Park, Urban Studies, 40, 707-732.
• • Poon, J.P.H. and Macpherson, A., (2005). Technology Acquisition Among Korean and Taiwanese Firms in the United States, International Business Review, 14, 559-575.
• • Povoa, L.M.C. and Rapini, M.S., (2010). Technology Transfer from Universities and Public Research Institutes to Firms in Brazil: What is Transferred and How the Transfer is Carried Out, Science and Public Policy, 37, 2, 147-159.
• • Quıntas, P., and Al., (1996). The Sciencepark Evaluation Handbook, Technopolis, Milton Keynes.
• • Ramanathan, K., (1994). The Polytrophic Components of Manufacturing Technology, Technological Forecasting&Social Change, 46, 221-258.
• • Ramirez, M. and Dickenson, P., (2010). Gatekeepers, Knowledge Brokers and Inter-Firm Knowledge Transfer in Beijing’s Zhongguancun Science Park, International Journal of Innovation Management, 14, 93-122.
• • Santagelo, G., (2000). Corporate Strategic Technological Partnership in the European Information and Communications Technology Industry, Research Policy, 29, 9, 1015-1031.
• • Santoro, M. and Gopalakrishnan, S., (2001). Relationship Dynamics Between University Research Centers and Industrial Firms: Their Impact on Technology Transfer Activities, Journal of Technology Transfer, 26, 163-171.
• • Sazali, A.W., and Al., (2009). The Effects of Absorptive Capacity and Recipient Collaborativeness as Technology Recipient Characteristics on Degree of Inter-Firm Technology Transfer, Journal of Social Sciences, 5, 4, 423-430.
• • Siegel, D., and Al., (2003). Science Parks and the Performance of New Technology-Based Firms: A Review of Recent UK Evidence and Agenda for Future Research, Small Business Economics, 20, 177-184.
• • Staples, S., (2001). A study of Remote Workers and Their Differences from Non-remote Workers, Journal of End User Computing, 13, 2, 3-14.
• • Sung, T.K. and Gibson, D.V., (2000). Knowledge and Technology Transfer: Key Factors and Levels, Proceeding of 4th International Conference on Technology Policy and Innovation, Curitiba.
• • Szulanski, G., (1996). Exploring Internal Stickiness: Impediments to the Transfer of Best Practice within the Firm, Strategic Management Journal, 17, 27-43.
• • Teece, D. and Pisano, G., (1994). The Dynamic Capabilities of Firms: An Introduction, Industrial and Corporate Change, 3, 3, 537-556.
• • Teece, D. and Pisano, G., (1997). Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management, Strategic Management Journal, 18, 509-533.
• • TTGV, (2010). Üniversite-Sanayi İşbirliğinde Önemli Bir Araç: Teknoloji Transfer Arayüzleri. Ankara: İşkur Matbaacılık.
• • Van Looy, B., and Al., (2004). Combining Entrepreneurial and Scientific Performance in Academia: Towards a Compounded and Reciprocal Matthew-effect?, Research Policy, 33, 425-441.
• • Westhead, P. and Batstone, S., (1998). Independent Technology Based Firms: The Perceived Benefits of a Science Park Location, Urban Studies, 35, 2179-2219.
• • Yazan, A., (2007). Teknoloji Transferinde Özümseme Kapasitesinin Önemi ve Özümseme Kapasitesinin Geliştirilmesi (Yüksek Lisans Projesi), İstanbul, Beykent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• • Zahra, S. and George, G., (2002). Absorptive Capacity: A Review, Reconceptualization, and Extension, Academy of Management Review, 27, 2, 185-203.