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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>oannes</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2667-7059</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Okay PEKŞEN</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33469/oannes.1322519</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Hittitology</subject>
                                                            <subject>Hittite Archeology</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Hititoloji</subject>
                                                            <subject>Hitit Arkeolojisi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Hititlerde Uyku ve Uykusuzluk Üzerine Bir İnceleme</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>A Review on Sleep and Insomnia in the Hittites</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7245-2872</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Atila</surname>
                                    <given-names>Nermin</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Hitit Üniversitesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20230929">
                    <day>09</day>
                    <month>29</month>
                    <year>2023</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>5</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>597</fpage>
                                        <lpage>622</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20230704">
                        <day>07</day>
                        <month>04</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20230912">
                        <day>09</day>
                        <month>12</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2019, OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Uyku evrensel bir ihtiyaç olmasına rağmen her kültürde farklı etkilere ve algılara sahiptir. Hitit kültüründe uyku ile ilgili bulgular, onlara özgü gelenekleri, inanışları, korkuları ortaya koymaktadır. Hititler uykuyu, farklı çağrışımlarla ilişkilendirerek tanrısal bir olgu, içsel bir güç olarak tanımlamışlardır. Hititçe çivi yazılı belgelerde uyku günlük bir ihtiyaç olmasının yanı sıra olumlu, olumsuz veya nötr çağrışımlarla önemli rol oynamıştır. Hitit toplumunda uyku için yeterli fırsat ve imkân olmasına rağmen uykuya dalmakta ve sürdürmekte zorluk yaşayan insanlar bulunmaktadır.  Kalitesiz ve dinlendirici olmayan uyku, insanların fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal performanslarını olumsuz etkilemiştir. Uyku yoksunluğu, yorgunluk, halsizlik, huzursuzluk, öfke, depresyon, tükenmişlik gibi duygulara sebep olmuştur. Uyku ise arınma, rahatlama, iyileşme, güç-kuvvet, enerji, huzur ve mutluluk vermiştir.  Bu noktada Hititler uykuyu tanrının bir lütfu, uykusuzluğu ise tanrının bir gazabı olarak yorumlamışlardır. Bu çalışmada Hitit metinlerinde geçen uyku ve uykusuzluk terimleri incelenerek, uyku yerleri, uyku zamanı ve uyku hijyeninin uyku kalitesine etkisi anlatılacaktır.  Hititçe çivi yazılı belgelerde uykunun kalitesini yansıtan hafif uyku, tatlı uyku, kutsal uyku, ağır uyku ve uykusuzluk gibi sınıflandırmalar belirtilecektir. Hitit krallarının uyku esnasında, baskı, saldırı ve güvenlik açıklarına karşı aldığı tedbirler konusunda da bilgi verilecektir. İdari ve dini görev amacıyla gece uykusuz kalan görevlilerin, sorumlulukları ve icraatları da aktarılacaktır. Hititlerde uyku ve uykusuzluk emik bir bakış açısıyla incelenecektir.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Although sleep is a universal need, it has different effects and perceptions in each culture. The findings on sleep in Hittite culture reveal their unique traditions, beliefs and fears. The Hittites defined sleep as a divine phenomenon and an inner power by associating it with different connotations. In Hittite cuneiform documents, sleep played an important role with positive, negative or neutral connotations as well as being a daily need. Although there were sufficient opportunities and facilities for sleep in Hittite society, there were people who had difficulty falling and maintaining sleep.  Poor quality and non-restful sleep negatively affected people&#039;s physical, psychological and social performance. Sleep deprivation has led to feelings of fatigue, weakness, restlessness, anger, depression and burnout. Sleep, on the other hand, brought purification, relaxation, healing, strength, energy, peace and happiness.  At this point, the Hittites interpreted sleep as a blessing from God and insomnia as the wrath of God. In this study, the terms sleep and insomnia in Hittite texts will be analyzed and the effects of sleeping places, sleeping time and sleep hygiene on sleep quality will be explained.  Classifications reflecting the quality of sleep in Hittite cuneiform documents such as light sleep, sweet sleep, sacred sleep, heavy sleep and insomnia will be mentioned. Information will also be given on the measures taken by Hittite kings against oppression, attacks and security vulnerabilities during sleep. The responsibilities and actions of officials who stayed awake at night for administrative and religious duties will also be presented. Sleep and insomnia in the Hittites will be analyzed from an emic perspective.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Hititler</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Uyumak</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Dinlenmek</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Gecelemek</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Uykusuzluk</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Hittites</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  sleeping</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  resting</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  overnight</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  insomnia</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
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