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An Analysis on the Determinants of Total Factor Productivity: The Case of Selected OECD Countries

Year 2017, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 65 - 82, 01.08.2017
https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.314251

Abstract

In recent years, it can be argued that a significant part of the
cross-country differences in income and economic growth mostly arise from the
differences in productivity levels. Thus, the examination of the sources of
productivity is an important issue in the context of growth-oriented policies.
This study aims to investigate potential determinants of total factor
productivity. In this respect, the effects of human capital, R&D, trade
openness and high technology product imports on total factor productivity are
analyzed across the selected 12 OECD countries for the 1993-2014 period. The
findings of the analysis show that R&D, trade openness and high-technology
imports are important determinants of productivity growth. Also, the results
indicate no significant evidence for human capital. 

References

  • ABRAMOVITZ, M. (1956), Resource and Output Trends in the United States Since 1870, New York: National Bureau of Economic Research. ACEMOGLU, D., S. JOHNSON ve J. ROBINSON (2004), “Institutions as the Fundamental Cause of Long-Run Growth”, http://www.nber.org/papers/w10481, (Erişim: 26.02.2017). AGHION, P. ve P. HOWITT (1998), Endogenous Growth Theory, Cambridge: MIT Press. AGHION, P. ve P. HOWITT (2009), The Economics of Growth, Cambridge: MIT Press. AKINLO, A. E. ve O. O. ADEJUMO (2016), “Determinants of Total Factor Productivity Growth in Nigeria, 1970–2009”, Global Business Review, Vol. 17 No.2: 257-270. ARAZMURADOV, A., G. MARTINI ve D. SCOTTI (2013), “Determinants of total factor productivity in former Soviet Union economies: A stochastic frontier approach”, Economic Systems, Vol. 38 No. 2014: 115-135. ARROW, K. (1962), “The economic implications of learning by doing”, Rev. Econ. Studies, Vol. 29: 155–173. ASCARI, G. ve V. DI COSMO (2004), “Determination of Total Factor Productivity in Italian Regions”, https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/87139/1/495746169. pdf, (Erişim: 17.02.2017). BARRO, R. J. ve J. W. LEE (1993), “International Comparisons of Educational Attainment”, Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 32: 363-394. BENHABIB, J. ve M. M. SPIEGEL (1994), “The Role of Human Capital in Economic Development: Evidence From Aggregate Cross-Country Data”, Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 34: 143–173. BIATOUR, B. (2011), “ The determinants of industry-level total factor productivity in Belgium”, http://www.plan.be/admin/uploaded/201105200836310.wp201107. pdf, (Erişim: 17.02.2017). BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER (2017), UN Comtrade: International Trade Statistics Database”, https://comtrade.un.org/data/, (Erişim: 11.02.2017). BLALOCK, G. ve F. VELOSO (2005), “Trade, Technology Transfer and Productivity Growth: The Neglected Role of Imports”, http://blalock.dyson.cornell.edu/ wp/imports_062305.pdf, (Erişim: 17.02.2017). BREITUNG, J. (2000), “The Local power of some unit root test for panel data: nonstationary panels, panel cointegration and dynamic panels”, Advences in Econometrics, Vol. 15: 161-177. CAMERON, N., D. HUM ve W. SIMPSON (1996), “Stylized Facts and Stylized Illusions: Inflation and Productivity Revisited” Canadian Journal of Economics, Vol. 24: 152-162. CANTON, E. (2007), “Social Returns to Education: Macro-Evidence”, De Economist, Vol. 155 No. 4: 449–468. CHOI, I. (2001), “Unit root tests for panel data”, Journal of International Money and Finance, Vol. 20 No. 2: 249–272. COE, D. ve E. HELPMAN (1995), “International R&D spillovers”, European Economic Review, Vol. 39: 859-887. DENISON, E. F. (1969), “Some Major Issues in Productivity Analysis: An Examination of Estimates by Jorgenson and Griliches”, Survey of Current Business, Vol. 49: 1–28. DOMAZLICKY, B. R. ve W. L. WEBER (1998), “Determinants of Total Factor Productivity, Technological Change, and Efficiency Differentials Among States, 1977-86”, Review of Regional Studies, Vol. 28 No. 2: 19-33. DÜNYA BANKASI (2000), “Measuring growth in total factor productivity”, www1.worldbank.org/prem/PREMNotes/premnote42.pdf, (Erişim:21.02.2017). EASTERLY, W. ve R. LEVINE (2001), “It's Not Factor Accumulation: Stylized Facts and Growth Models”, The World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 15 No. 2: 177-219. EDWARDS, S. (1998), “Openness, Productivity and Growth: What Do We Really Know?”, The Economic Journal, Vol. 108: 383–398. ENGELBRECHT, H-J. (1997), “International R&D Spillovers, Human Capital and Productivity in OECD Economies: An Empirical Investigation”, European Economic Review, Vol. 41: 1479-1488. EUROSTAT (2017), “High-tech aggregation by SITC Rev.3”, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/Annexes/htec_esms_an4.pdf, (Erişim: 10.02.2017). FEENSTRA, R. C., R. INKLAAR ve M. P. TIMMER (2015), “The Next Generation of the Penn World Table", American Economic Review, Vol. 105 No. 10: 3150-3182. FILIP, B. F. (2016), “Total Factor Productivity Determinants in Developed European Countries”, Journal of Public Administration, Finance and Law, Vol. 10 No. 2016: 123-131. FREEMAN, D. G. ve D. YERGER (1998), “Inflation and multifactor productivity growth: A response to Smyth”, Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 5 No. 5: 271–274. GARCES-OZANNE, A. L. (2001), “ The Determinants of Total Factor Productivity: The High-Performing Asian Economies Revisited”, https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/ bitstream/handle/10523/1475/PhD_thesis.pdf, (Erişim: 22.02.2017). GEHRINGER, A., I. MARTINEZ-ZARZOSO ve F. N.-L. DANZIGER (2013), “The Determinants of Total Factor Productivity in the EU: Insights from Sectoral Data and Common Dynamic Processes”, http://ecomod.net/system/files/EcoMod_ submission.pdf, (Erişim: 23.02.2017). GROSSMAN, G. ve E. HELPMAN (1995), “Technology and Trade”, Handbook of International Economics (Vol. 3), (Ed. Gene Grossman ve Kenneth Rogoff), Amsterdam: Elsevier Science: 1279-1337. GUELLEC, D. ve B. VAN POTTELSBERGHE (2001), “R&D and Productivity Growth: Panel Data Analysis of 16 OECD Countries", https://www.oecd.org/eco/growth/1958639.pdf, (Erişim: 11.02.2017). HALL, R. E. ve C. JONES (1999), "Why Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output per Worker than Others?", Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 114 No. 1: 83-116. IM, K. S., M. H. PESARAN ve Y. SHIN (2003), “Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels”, Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 115: 53–74. ISAKSSON, A. (2007), “Determinants of total factor productivity:a literature review”, http://www.unido.org//fileadmin/user_media/Publications/Research_ and_statistics/Branch_publications/Research_and_Policy/Files/Working_Papers/2007/WP022007%20-%20Determinants%20of%20total%20factor%20productivity.pdf, (Erişim: 15.02.2017). JAJRI, I. (2007), “Determinants of Total Factor Productivity Growth in Malaysia”, Journal of Economic Cooperation, Vol. 28 No. 3: 41-58. JARRETT, J. P., ve J. G. SELODY (1982), “The Productivity-Inflation Nexus in Canada”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 64 No. 3: 361-367. JORGENSON, D. W. ve Z. GRILICHES (1967), “The explanation of productivity change”, The Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 34 No. 3: 249–283. KAO, C. (1999), “Spurious regression and residual‐based tests for cointegration in panel data”, Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 90: 1–44. KHAN, M., K. B LUINTEL ve K. THEODORIDIS (2010), “How Robust is the R&D –Productivity Relationship? Evidence from OECD Countries”, http://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_econstat_wp_1.pdf, (Erişim: 20.02.2017). KHAN, S. U. (2006), “Macro Determinants of Total Factor Productivity in Pakistan”, SBP Research Bulletin, Vol. 2 No. 2: 383-401. LEVIN, A., C.-F. LIN ve C.-S. CHU (2002), “Unit root tests in panel data: Asymptotic and finite-sample properties”, Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 108: 1-24. LOKO, B. ve M. A. DIOUF (2009), “Revisiting the Determinants of Productivity Growth: What’s new?”, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2009/wp09225.pdf, (Erişim: 21.02.2017). MADDALA, G. S. ve S. WU (1999), “A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simple test”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 61: 631-652. MILLER, S. M. ve M. P. UPADHYAY (2000), “The effects of openness, trade orientation, and human capital on total factor productivity”, Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 63 No. 2: 399–423. NACHEGA, J.-C. ve T. FONTAINE (2006), “Economic Growth and Total Factor Productivity in Niger”, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2006/wp06208.pdf, (Erişim: 18.02.2017). NELSON, R. ve E. PHELPS (1966) “Investment in humans, technological diffusion, and economic growth”, American Economic Review, Vol. 56 No. 1/2: 69–75. OECD (1993), The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities: Standard Practice for Surveys of Research and Experimental Development – Frascati Manual 1993, Paris: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. OECD (2001), “Measuring Productivity: Measurement of Aggregate and Industry-Level Productivity Growth”, https://www.oecd.org/std/productivity-stats/2352458.pdf, (Erişim: 17.01.2017). OECD (2001), The Well-being of Nations: The Role of Human and Social Capital, Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD (2004), The Sources of Economic Growth in OECD Countries, Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD (2015), “OECD Compendium of Productivity Indicators 2015”, http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/industry-and-services/oecd-compendium-of-productivity-indicators-2015_pdtvy-2015-en, (Erişim: 11.02.2017). OECD (2017a), “Growth in GDP per capita, productivity and ULC: Multifactor productivity”, http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=PDB_GR, (Erişim: 13.02.2017). OECD (2017b), “Gross domestic spending on R&D (indicator)”, https://data.oecd.org/rd/gross-domestic-spending-on-r-d.htm, (Erişim: 15.02.2017). OECD (2017c), “Trade in goods and services (indicator)” https://data.oecd.org/trade/trade-in-goods-and-services.htm, (Erişim: 13.02.2017). OECD (2017d), “Gross domestic product (GDP) (indicator)”, https://data.oecd.org/gdp/gross-domestic-product-gdp.htm, (Erişim: 13.02.2017). OECD (2017e), “LFS by sex and age” http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx? DataSetCode=LFS_D, (Erişim: 13.02.2017). PARHAM, D. (2007), “Empirical analysis of the effects of R&D on productivity: Implications for productivity measurement?”, https://www.oecd.org/std/ productivity-stats/37511005.pdf, (Erişim: 17.02.2017). PEDRONI, P. (1999), “Critical values for cointegration tests in heterogeneous panels with multiple regressors”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 61: 653–670. RAGGL, A. K. (2015), “Determinants of Total Factor Productivity in the Middle East and North Africa”, Rev. Middle East Econ. Fin., Vol. 11 No. 2: 119-143. RODRIK, D., A. SUBRAMANIAN ve F. TREBBI (2002), “Institutions Rule: The Primary of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development”, http://www.nber.org/papers/w9305.pdf, (Erişim: 24.02.2017). ROMER, P. (1990), “Endogenous Technical Change”, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 98: 71-102. SCARPETTA, S., P. HEMMINGS, T. TRESSEL ve J. WOO (2002), “The Role of Policy and Institutions for Productivity and Firm Dynamics: Evidence from Micro and Industry Data”, http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/547061627526.pdf?expires=1494981316&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=3C37BA5BFB991CADFBAC55B0557D61FF, (Erişim: 14.02.2017). SMYTH, D. J. (1995), “The supply side effect of inflation in the United States: Evidence from multifactor productivity”, Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 2 No. 12: 482–483. SOLOW, R. M. (1956), “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 70 No. 1: 65-94. SOLOW, R. M. (1957), "Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function", Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 39 No. 3: 312-320. STIGLER, G. J. (1947), Trends in Output and Employment, New York: National Bureau of Economic Research. THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES (2005), “R&D and Productivity Growth", https://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/ftpdocs/64xx/doc6482/06-17-r-d.pdf, (Erişim: 11.02.2017). TOCCO, C. (2015), “An Analysis of the Determinants of Total Factor Productivity in China”, http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11361/, (Erişim: 10.02.2017).

Toplam Faktör Verimliliğinin Belirleyicileri Üzerine Ampirik Bir İnceleme: Seçilmiş OECD Ülkeleri Örneği

Year 2017, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 65 - 82, 01.08.2017
https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.314251

Abstract

Günümüzde,
ülkelerarası gelir ve ekonomik büyüme farklılıklarının önemli bir kısmı
verimlilikte ortaya çıkan farklılıklardan kaynaklanmaktadır. İktisadi büyüme
odaklı politikalar çerçevesinde verimliliği belirleyen unsurların incelenmesi
önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, toplam faktör verimliliğinin
potansiyel belirleyicilerini analiz etmektir. Bu kapsamda beşeri sermaye,
Ar-Ge, ticari dışa açıklık ve ileri teknolojili ürün ithalatının toplam faktör
verimliliği üzerindeki etkileri seçilmiş 12 OECD ülkesine ait 1993-2014 yılları
arası dönemde ekonometrik olarak incelenmektedir. Analiz sonucu elde edilen
bulgular Ar-Ge, ticari dışa açıklık ve ileri teknoloji ürün ithalatının
verimlilik artışlarında önemli birer belirleyici olduğunu gösterirken, beşeri
sermayeye ilişkin anlamlı bir bulguya rastlanmamıştır.  

References

  • ABRAMOVITZ, M. (1956), Resource and Output Trends in the United States Since 1870, New York: National Bureau of Economic Research. ACEMOGLU, D., S. JOHNSON ve J. ROBINSON (2004), “Institutions as the Fundamental Cause of Long-Run Growth”, http://www.nber.org/papers/w10481, (Erişim: 26.02.2017). AGHION, P. ve P. HOWITT (1998), Endogenous Growth Theory, Cambridge: MIT Press. AGHION, P. ve P. HOWITT (2009), The Economics of Growth, Cambridge: MIT Press. AKINLO, A. E. ve O. O. ADEJUMO (2016), “Determinants of Total Factor Productivity Growth in Nigeria, 1970–2009”, Global Business Review, Vol. 17 No.2: 257-270. ARAZMURADOV, A., G. MARTINI ve D. SCOTTI (2013), “Determinants of total factor productivity in former Soviet Union economies: A stochastic frontier approach”, Economic Systems, Vol. 38 No. 2014: 115-135. ARROW, K. (1962), “The economic implications of learning by doing”, Rev. Econ. Studies, Vol. 29: 155–173. ASCARI, G. ve V. DI COSMO (2004), “Determination of Total Factor Productivity in Italian Regions”, https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/87139/1/495746169. pdf, (Erişim: 17.02.2017). BARRO, R. J. ve J. W. LEE (1993), “International Comparisons of Educational Attainment”, Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 32: 363-394. BENHABIB, J. ve M. M. SPIEGEL (1994), “The Role of Human Capital in Economic Development: Evidence From Aggregate Cross-Country Data”, Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 34: 143–173. BIATOUR, B. (2011), “ The determinants of industry-level total factor productivity in Belgium”, http://www.plan.be/admin/uploaded/201105200836310.wp201107. pdf, (Erişim: 17.02.2017). BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER (2017), UN Comtrade: International Trade Statistics Database”, https://comtrade.un.org/data/, (Erişim: 11.02.2017). BLALOCK, G. ve F. VELOSO (2005), “Trade, Technology Transfer and Productivity Growth: The Neglected Role of Imports”, http://blalock.dyson.cornell.edu/ wp/imports_062305.pdf, (Erişim: 17.02.2017). BREITUNG, J. (2000), “The Local power of some unit root test for panel data: nonstationary panels, panel cointegration and dynamic panels”, Advences in Econometrics, Vol. 15: 161-177. CAMERON, N., D. HUM ve W. SIMPSON (1996), “Stylized Facts and Stylized Illusions: Inflation and Productivity Revisited” Canadian Journal of Economics, Vol. 24: 152-162. CANTON, E. (2007), “Social Returns to Education: Macro-Evidence”, De Economist, Vol. 155 No. 4: 449–468. CHOI, I. (2001), “Unit root tests for panel data”, Journal of International Money and Finance, Vol. 20 No. 2: 249–272. COE, D. ve E. HELPMAN (1995), “International R&D spillovers”, European Economic Review, Vol. 39: 859-887. DENISON, E. F. (1969), “Some Major Issues in Productivity Analysis: An Examination of Estimates by Jorgenson and Griliches”, Survey of Current Business, Vol. 49: 1–28. DOMAZLICKY, B. R. ve W. L. WEBER (1998), “Determinants of Total Factor Productivity, Technological Change, and Efficiency Differentials Among States, 1977-86”, Review of Regional Studies, Vol. 28 No. 2: 19-33. DÜNYA BANKASI (2000), “Measuring growth in total factor productivity”, www1.worldbank.org/prem/PREMNotes/premnote42.pdf, (Erişim:21.02.2017). EASTERLY, W. ve R. LEVINE (2001), “It's Not Factor Accumulation: Stylized Facts and Growth Models”, The World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 15 No. 2: 177-219. EDWARDS, S. (1998), “Openness, Productivity and Growth: What Do We Really Know?”, The Economic Journal, Vol. 108: 383–398. ENGELBRECHT, H-J. (1997), “International R&D Spillovers, Human Capital and Productivity in OECD Economies: An Empirical Investigation”, European Economic Review, Vol. 41: 1479-1488. EUROSTAT (2017), “High-tech aggregation by SITC Rev.3”, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/Annexes/htec_esms_an4.pdf, (Erişim: 10.02.2017). FEENSTRA, R. C., R. INKLAAR ve M. P. TIMMER (2015), “The Next Generation of the Penn World Table", American Economic Review, Vol. 105 No. 10: 3150-3182. FILIP, B. F. (2016), “Total Factor Productivity Determinants in Developed European Countries”, Journal of Public Administration, Finance and Law, Vol. 10 No. 2016: 123-131. FREEMAN, D. G. ve D. YERGER (1998), “Inflation and multifactor productivity growth: A response to Smyth”, Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 5 No. 5: 271–274. GARCES-OZANNE, A. L. (2001), “ The Determinants of Total Factor Productivity: The High-Performing Asian Economies Revisited”, https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/ bitstream/handle/10523/1475/PhD_thesis.pdf, (Erişim: 22.02.2017). GEHRINGER, A., I. MARTINEZ-ZARZOSO ve F. N.-L. DANZIGER (2013), “The Determinants of Total Factor Productivity in the EU: Insights from Sectoral Data and Common Dynamic Processes”, http://ecomod.net/system/files/EcoMod_ submission.pdf, (Erişim: 23.02.2017). GROSSMAN, G. ve E. HELPMAN (1995), “Technology and Trade”, Handbook of International Economics (Vol. 3), (Ed. Gene Grossman ve Kenneth Rogoff), Amsterdam: Elsevier Science: 1279-1337. GUELLEC, D. ve B. VAN POTTELSBERGHE (2001), “R&D and Productivity Growth: Panel Data Analysis of 16 OECD Countries", https://www.oecd.org/eco/growth/1958639.pdf, (Erişim: 11.02.2017). HALL, R. E. ve C. JONES (1999), "Why Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output per Worker than Others?", Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 114 No. 1: 83-116. IM, K. S., M. H. PESARAN ve Y. SHIN (2003), “Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels”, Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 115: 53–74. ISAKSSON, A. (2007), “Determinants of total factor productivity:a literature review”, http://www.unido.org//fileadmin/user_media/Publications/Research_ and_statistics/Branch_publications/Research_and_Policy/Files/Working_Papers/2007/WP022007%20-%20Determinants%20of%20total%20factor%20productivity.pdf, (Erişim: 15.02.2017). JAJRI, I. (2007), “Determinants of Total Factor Productivity Growth in Malaysia”, Journal of Economic Cooperation, Vol. 28 No. 3: 41-58. JARRETT, J. P., ve J. G. SELODY (1982), “The Productivity-Inflation Nexus in Canada”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 64 No. 3: 361-367. JORGENSON, D. W. ve Z. GRILICHES (1967), “The explanation of productivity change”, The Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 34 No. 3: 249–283. KAO, C. (1999), “Spurious regression and residual‐based tests for cointegration in panel data”, Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 90: 1–44. KHAN, M., K. B LUINTEL ve K. THEODORIDIS (2010), “How Robust is the R&D –Productivity Relationship? Evidence from OECD Countries”, http://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_econstat_wp_1.pdf, (Erişim: 20.02.2017). KHAN, S. U. (2006), “Macro Determinants of Total Factor Productivity in Pakistan”, SBP Research Bulletin, Vol. 2 No. 2: 383-401. LEVIN, A., C.-F. LIN ve C.-S. CHU (2002), “Unit root tests in panel data: Asymptotic and finite-sample properties”, Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 108: 1-24. LOKO, B. ve M. A. DIOUF (2009), “Revisiting the Determinants of Productivity Growth: What’s new?”, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2009/wp09225.pdf, (Erişim: 21.02.2017). MADDALA, G. S. ve S. WU (1999), “A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simple test”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 61: 631-652. MILLER, S. M. ve M. P. UPADHYAY (2000), “The effects of openness, trade orientation, and human capital on total factor productivity”, Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 63 No. 2: 399–423. NACHEGA, J.-C. ve T. FONTAINE (2006), “Economic Growth and Total Factor Productivity in Niger”, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2006/wp06208.pdf, (Erişim: 18.02.2017). NELSON, R. ve E. PHELPS (1966) “Investment in humans, technological diffusion, and economic growth”, American Economic Review, Vol. 56 No. 1/2: 69–75. OECD (1993), The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities: Standard Practice for Surveys of Research and Experimental Development – Frascati Manual 1993, Paris: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. OECD (2001), “Measuring Productivity: Measurement of Aggregate and Industry-Level Productivity Growth”, https://www.oecd.org/std/productivity-stats/2352458.pdf, (Erişim: 17.01.2017). OECD (2001), The Well-being of Nations: The Role of Human and Social Capital, Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD (2004), The Sources of Economic Growth in OECD Countries, Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD (2015), “OECD Compendium of Productivity Indicators 2015”, http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/industry-and-services/oecd-compendium-of-productivity-indicators-2015_pdtvy-2015-en, (Erişim: 11.02.2017). OECD (2017a), “Growth in GDP per capita, productivity and ULC: Multifactor productivity”, http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=PDB_GR, (Erişim: 13.02.2017). OECD (2017b), “Gross domestic spending on R&D (indicator)”, https://data.oecd.org/rd/gross-domestic-spending-on-r-d.htm, (Erişim: 15.02.2017). OECD (2017c), “Trade in goods and services (indicator)” https://data.oecd.org/trade/trade-in-goods-and-services.htm, (Erişim: 13.02.2017). OECD (2017d), “Gross domestic product (GDP) (indicator)”, https://data.oecd.org/gdp/gross-domestic-product-gdp.htm, (Erişim: 13.02.2017). OECD (2017e), “LFS by sex and age” http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx? DataSetCode=LFS_D, (Erişim: 13.02.2017). PARHAM, D. (2007), “Empirical analysis of the effects of R&D on productivity: Implications for productivity measurement?”, https://www.oecd.org/std/ productivity-stats/37511005.pdf, (Erişim: 17.02.2017). PEDRONI, P. (1999), “Critical values for cointegration tests in heterogeneous panels with multiple regressors”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 61: 653–670. RAGGL, A. K. (2015), “Determinants of Total Factor Productivity in the Middle East and North Africa”, Rev. Middle East Econ. Fin., Vol. 11 No. 2: 119-143. RODRIK, D., A. SUBRAMANIAN ve F. TREBBI (2002), “Institutions Rule: The Primary of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development”, http://www.nber.org/papers/w9305.pdf, (Erişim: 24.02.2017). ROMER, P. (1990), “Endogenous Technical Change”, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 98: 71-102. SCARPETTA, S., P. HEMMINGS, T. TRESSEL ve J. WOO (2002), “The Role of Policy and Institutions for Productivity and Firm Dynamics: Evidence from Micro and Industry Data”, http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/547061627526.pdf?expires=1494981316&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=3C37BA5BFB991CADFBAC55B0557D61FF, (Erişim: 14.02.2017). SMYTH, D. J. (1995), “The supply side effect of inflation in the United States: Evidence from multifactor productivity”, Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 2 No. 12: 482–483. SOLOW, R. M. (1956), “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 70 No. 1: 65-94. SOLOW, R. M. (1957), "Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function", Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 39 No. 3: 312-320. STIGLER, G. J. (1947), Trends in Output and Employment, New York: National Bureau of Economic Research. THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES (2005), “R&D and Productivity Growth", https://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/ftpdocs/64xx/doc6482/06-17-r-d.pdf, (Erişim: 11.02.2017). TOCCO, C. (2015), “An Analysis of the Determinants of Total Factor Productivity in China”, http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11361/, (Erişim: 10.02.2017).
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Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mustafa Gömleksiz

Ahmet Şahbaz This is me

Birol Mercan This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2017
Submission Date April 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gömleksiz, M., Şahbaz, A., & Mercan, B. (2017). Toplam Faktör Verimliliğinin Belirleyicileri Üzerine Ampirik Bir İnceleme: Seçilmiş OECD Ülkeleri Örneği. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 12(2), 65-82. https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.314251