Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 2564-6931 Nigde Omer Halisdemir University 10.25287/ohuiibf.1731887 Business Administration İşletme Yeşil Gümrük Girişimi Kapsamında Sınır Kapılarında Çevresel Sürdürülebilirliğin Geliştirilmesine Yönelik Politika Önerileri: Bulanık ÇKKV Tabanlı Bir Yaklaşım Policy Recommendations for Improving Environmental Sustainability at Border Gates within the Scope of the Green Customs Initiative: A Fuzzy MCDM-Based Approach https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6409-7177 Gürsoy İpek Tarsus Üniversitesi 03 30 2026 19 1 19 07 01 2025 03 30 2026 Copyright © 2008, Academic Review of Economics and Administrative Sciences 2008 Academic Review of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Uluslararası ticaretin düzenlenmesinde ve ulusal güvenliğin sağlanmasında büyük bir öneme sahip gümrüklerde çevre dostu malların ticaretinin kolaylaştırılması ve çevreye zararlı malların yasadışı ticaretinin önlenmesi amacıyla yeşil gümrük girişimi başlatılmıştır. Bu araştırmada, yeşil gümrük girişimi kapsamında Türkiye’deki sınır kapılarında çevresel sürdürülebilirliğin geliştirilmesine yönelik politikaların belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede, teknolojik altyapı, bölgesel iş birliği, vergi indirimi, yenilenebilir enerji kullanımı, iç çevre yönetim sisteminin kurulması ve personel eğitimi olmak üzere toplamda altı kriter belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen bu kriterlere ilişkin ikili karşılaştırma matrisleri oluşturulmuş ve alanında uzman dokuz katılımcıdan elektronik ortamda veriler toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler, Aralık Değerli Pisagor Bulanık Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, %43,58’lik ağırlık ile teknolojik altyapının en önemli kriter olarak ilk sırada yer aldığını göstermiştir. Bu kriteri %17,56’lık ağırlık ile bölgesel iş birliği takip etmiştir. Son sırada ise %5,94’lük ağırlık ile personel eğitimi kriteri yer almıştır. Araştırma kapsamındaki tüm kriterlerin belirli bir önem derecesine sahip olması, sınır kapılarında çevresel sürdürülebilirliği destekleyecek söz konusu politikaların geliştirilmesinin önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Customs, which is of great importance in regulating international trade and ensuring national security, has launched a green customs initiative to facilitate the trade of environmentally friendly goods and prevent illegal trade in environmentally harmful goods. The aim of this study is to identify policies for improving environmental sustainability at border gates in Türkiye within the scope of the green customs initiative. In this framework, a total of six criteria were identified: technological infrastructure, regional cooperation, tax reduction, use of renewable energy, establishment of an internal environmental management system and personnel training. Pairwise comparison matrices were created for these criteria and data were collected electronically from nine expert participants. The collected data were analyzed using the Interval-Valued Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The results showed that technological infrastructure ranked first as the most important criterion with a weight of 43.58%. This criterion was followed by regional cooperation with a weight of 17.56%. The last criterion was staff training with a weight of 5.94%. The fact that all criteria within the scope of the research have a certain degree of importance reveals the importance of developing such policies to support environmental sustainability at border gates.

 Yeşil Gümrük Sürdürülebilirlik Uluslararası Ticaret Bulanık Karar Verme Green Customs Sustainability International Trade Fuzzy Decision Making Akargöl, İ., Karadağ, İ., & Gürcan, Ö. F. (2024). Selecting the optimal e-learning platform for universities: A pythagorean fuzzy AHP/TOPSIS evaluation. The European Journal of Research and Development, 4(2), 19-34. https://doi.org/10.56038/ejrnd.v4i2.425 Alam, M. F. B., Bari, A. M., Tushar, S. R., & Kabir, K. A. (2025). An interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy approach to mitigate traffic congestion in densely populated cities with implications for sustainability. Decision Analytics Journal, 15, 100558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dajour.2025.100558 Atanassov, K. (1986). Intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 20(1), 87-96.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0114(86)80034-3 Ayyıldız, E., & Taşkın Gümüş, A. (2021). Interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy AHP method-based supply chain performance evaluation by a new extension of SCOR model: SCOR 4.0. Complex & Intelligent Systems, 7(1), 559-576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-020-00221-9 Ayyıldız, E., Yıldız, A., Taşkın, A., & Özkan, C. (2023). An interval valued Pythagorean fuzzy AHP integrated quality function deployment methodology for hazelnut production in Turkey. Expert systems with applications, 231, 120708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120708 Baghirov, S. (2025). Green Customs: Alignment With Environmental Objectives In The Eco Region. NeoEcon Review Journal, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.71447/fjsmbk62 Basel Convention, 2024. History of the negotiations of the Basel Convention. Retrieved from: https://www.basel.int/TheConvention/Overview/History/Overview/tabid/3405/Default.aspx Bhat, S., Singh, A., & Qudaimi, A. (2021). A new Pythagorean fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy numbers. Fuzzy Optimization and Modeling Journal (FOMJ), 2(4), 38-51. doi: 10.30495/fomj.2021.1940078.1037 Boz, E., Çalık, A., & Canıtez, M. (2022). Akıllı ve Sürdürülebilir Depo Yönetimi. G. Akandere & F. Cura (Ed.). Uluslararası Tıcaret ve Lojıstık 4.0: Güncel Trend ve Uygulamalar (1.Baskı) içinde, (151-167). İstanbul: Eğitim Yayınevi. CITES, 2025. What is CITES? Retrieved from: https://cites.org/eng/disc/what.php Convention on Biological Diversity, 2025. Cartagena Protocol. Retrieved from: https://www.cbd.int/ Copeland, B. R. (2013). Trade and the Environment. In Palgrave handbook of international trade (pp. 423-496). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-230-30531-1_15 Coşkun, R., Kiriş, Z. N., & Tepe, S. N. (2019). A new fuzzy based marketing performance measurement model with a real case study. Econder International Academic Journal, 3(1), 41-73. https://doi.org/10.35342/econder.549834 Çalık, A., Onifade, S. T., & Alola, A. A. (2023). Evaluating supply resilience performance of an automotive industry during operational shocks: a pythagorean fuzzy AHP-VIKOR-based approach. Systems, 11(8), 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11080396 Dal, A. R., & Yılmaz, F. (2022). Marmara bölgesindeki bir konteyner limanı için fotovoltaik enerji sistem kurulumunun tekno-ekonomik ve çevresel analizi. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 416-432. https://doi.org/10.35193/bseufbd.1073878 Dumbraitė, G., & Besusparienė, E. (2024). SUSTAINABLE TAX SYSTEM AND CUSTOMS DUTIES. In Young Scientist, Conference/Jaunasis mokslininkas, konferencija (pp. 13-16). Erdebilli, B., Yilmaz, I., Aksoy, T., Hacıoglu, U., Yüksel, S., & Dinçer, H. (2023). An interval-valued pythagorean fuzzy AHP and COPRAS hybrid methods for the supplier selection problem. International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, 16(1), 124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44196-023-00297-4 Erdoğan, N. K., Onay, A., & Karamaşa, Ç. (2019). Measuring the performance of retailer firms listed in BIST under the balanced scorecard perspective by using interval valued Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP based Pythagorean Fuzzy TODIM Methodology. Alphanumeric Journal, 7(2), 333-350. https://doi.org/10.17093/alphanumeric.451247 Green Customs, 2023. Who we are?, Why GCI? The Benefits of Green Customs, Green Customs Initiative Partners. Retrieved from: https://www.greencustoms.org/who-we-are Gültekin, R. (2019). Gümrük Mevzuatında “Yeşil Gümrük” Uygulamaları. XI. IBANESS Congress Series-Tekirdağ / TURKEY, 1096-1108. Gürsoy ve Turgut. (2022). Uluslararası Ticarette Dijital Gümrük Uygulamalarının Önemi. A. Deran, S. Şahin, M. S. Süygün (Ed.), Dijitalleşme ve İşletmecilik Üzerine Güncel Yaklaşımlar içinde (s. 245-267). Konya: Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Yayınları. Gürsoy, İ. (2024). Dış Ticaret Firmalarının Hedef Pazar Seçim Kriterlerinin Aralık Değerli Pisagor Bulanık AHP Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi: Otomotiv Sektöründe Bir Uygulama. Journal of Management and Economics, 31(4), 805-822. https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.1468696 Haziyeva, S. (2025). Assessing Azerbaijan's Preparedness for Transitioning to a Green Economy: A Legal Analysis of the" Green Customs" Concept. Gümrük ve Ticaret Dergisi, 12(37), 46-56. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.70490/gumrukticaretdergisi.1556767 Hu, Y., Wang, H., Li, C., Xu, A., Yi, L., Liang, C., ... & Dai, F. (2025). An integrated approach for design concept evaluation based on interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy set and consensus model. Kybernetes. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-09-2024-2356 Ilbahar, E., & Kahraman, C. (2018). Retail store performance measurement using a novel interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy WASPAS method. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 35(3), 3835-3846. https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-18730 Ilbahar, E., Karaşan, A., Cebi, S., & Kahraman, C. (2018). A novel approach to risk assessment for occupational health and safety using Pythagorean fuzzy AHP & fuzzy inference system. Safety science, 103, 124-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2017.10.025 Köse, Y., Civan, H. N., Ayyıldız, E., & Çevikcan, E. (2022). An Interval valued Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP–TOPSIS integrated model for ergonomic assessment of setup process under SMED. Sustainability, 14(21), 13804. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142113804 Luo, Y., Ni, M., & Zhang, F. (2023). A design model of FBS based on interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy sets. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 56, 101957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2023.101957 Männistö, T., Hintsa, J., Morini, C., Wong, S., Isarin, N., & Rukanova, B. D. (2024). Green Customs: How Customs Administrations Can Promote Sustainability. Manyala, J. O. (2019). Effect of green customs initiatives on game trophy trade in Kenya. Retrieved from: https://ikesra.kra.go.ke/items/c24ce2a2-3825-4e8a-90a1-46f354c10bb1 Meng, Y., Wu, H., Wang, Y., & Duan, Y. (2022). International trade diversification, green innovation, and consumption-based carbon emissions: the role of renewable energy for sustainable development in BRICST countries. Renewable Energy, 198, 1243-1253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.08.045 Milošević, M. R., Milošević, D. M., Stević, D. M., & Kovačević, M. (2023). Interval valued Pythagorean fuzzy AHP integrated model in a smartness assessment framework of buildings. Axioms, 12(3), 286. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12030286 Minamata Convention on Mercury, 2021. About us. Retrieved from: https://minamataconvention.org/en/about Oh, Y., Pasman, H., Khan, S. A., & Park, S. (2025). Hydrogen storage selection for Saudi Arabia: A multi-criteria decision making under interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy environment. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 105, 1281-1293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.01.333 Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), 2025. History. Retrieved from: https://www.opcw.org/about-us/history Palaz, H., & Kovancı, A. (2008). Türk deniz kuvvetleri denizaltilarinin seçilimin AHP ile değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Aeronautics and Space Technologies, 3(3), 53-60. Pauwelyn, J. (2024). 21st Century Customs Fraud: How to Effectively Enforce Sustainability Requirements on Imports?. Available at SSRN 4727779. Rahman, K., Abdullah, S., Shakeel, M., Ali Khan, M. S., & Ullah, M. (2017). Interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy geometric aggregation operators and their application to group decision making problem. Cogent Mathematics, 4(1), 1338638. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311835.2017.1338638 Rakhmatullayev, N. (2026). PROSPECTS FOR DIGITALIZING" GREEN" CUSTOMS CORRIDORS IN FOOD IMPORTS. In Global Conference on Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation, 7-14. Resmi Gazete, 2025. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2025/07/20250724-5.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 13.03.2026). Reyes, O., & Pérez, O. (2025). The Green Customs Initiative (GCI) and the Multi-lateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs): An Analysis of the Perception about its Implementation and Compliance in Customs Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico. In: Ivanova Boncheva, A., Rangel Delgado, J.E. (eds) Transition to a Safe Anthropocene in the Asia-Pacific. The Anthropocene: Politik—Economics—Society—Science, vol 39. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66521-9_16 Rotolo, G. C., Francis, C. A., & Ulgiati, S. (2018). Environmentally sound resource valuation for a more sustainable international trade: Case of argentine maize. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 131, 271-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.10.008 Rotterdam Convention, 2024. History of the negotiations of the Rotterdam Convention. Retrieved from: https://www.pic.int/TheConvention/Overview/History/Overview/tabid/1360/language/en-US/Default.aspx Rukanova, B., Männistö, T., Hintsa, J., Tan, Y. H., Slegt, M., & Heijmann, F. (2022). A High-Level Framework for Green Customs and Research Agenda. In Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (pp. 456-458). Saaty, T.L. (1988). What is the Analytic Hierarchy Process?. In: Mitra, G., Greenberg, H.J., Lootsma, F.A., Rijkaert, M.J., Zimmermann, H.J. (eds) Mathematical Models for Decision Support. NATO ASI Series, vol 48. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83555-1_5 Sahoo, D., Parida, P. K., Baral, S. P., & Pati, B. (2025). An innovative aggregation operator for enhanced decision-making: A study on interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy soft sets in material selection. Applied Soft Computing, 172, 112888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2025.112888 Singer, H., & Özşahin, Ş. (2023). Applying an interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to rank factors influencing wooden outdoor furniture selection. Wood Material Science & Engineering, 18(1), 322-333. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2021.2025427 Stockholm Convention, 2024. History of the negotiations of the Stockholm Convention. Retrieved from: https://www.pops.int/TheConvention/Overview/History/Overview/tabid/3549/Default.aspx T.C. Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı, 2018. BAKANLIĞIMIZDA ISO 14001 ÇEVRE YÖNETİM SİSTEMİNE GEÇİLDİ. Erişim adresi: https://destek.csb.gov.tr/bakanligimizda-iso-14001-cevre-yonetim-sistemine-gecildi-haber-232845 T.C. Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı, 2025. Stockholm Sözleşmesi. Erişim adresi: https://onceliklikimyasallar.csb.gov.tr/stockholm-sozlesmesi-i-5175 T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı, 2022. Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı (UNEP). Erişim adresi: https://www.mfa.gov.tr/birlesmis-milletler-cevre-programi.tr.mfa T.C. Ticaret Bakanlığı, 2019. Dijital Gümrük Uygulamaları. Erişim adresi: https://ticaret.gov.tr/gumruk-islemleri/dijital-gumruk-uygulamalari T.C. Ticaret Bakanlığı, 2024. Dünya Gümrük Örgütü. Erişim adresi: https://ticaret.gov.tr/dis-iliskiler/cok-tarafli-ve-bolgesel-iliskiler/cok-tarafli-iliskiler/dunya-gumruk-orgutu Tezcan, M. C. (2024). Pisagor Bulanık Kümelere Entegre AHP ve TOPSIS Yöntemleri ile Uçak Tipi Seçiminin Optimizasyonu: Havayolu İşlemeleri İçin Model Önerisi. Journal of Aviation Research, 6(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.51785/jar.1371387 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 2022. Green Customs Guide. Retrieved from: https://www.unep.org/resources/publication/green-customs-guide-multilateral-environmental-agreements United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 2025a. The Green Customs Initiative. Retrieved from: https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/environmental-governance/what-we-do/strengthening-institutions/green-customs United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 2025b. OzonAction Protect our Earth Save the Ozone Layer. Retrieved from: https://www.unep.org/ozonaction/ United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 2025c. About the United Nations Environment Programme. Retrieved from: https://www.unep.org/who-we-are/about-us United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 2025. About us. Retrieved from: https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/about-unodc/index.html Urul, A. A., Erkan, M., & Özdemir, İ. (2026). Yeşil Depolama Uygulamalarının Lojistik Performansa Olan Etkileri: İstanbul’da Bulunan Antrepolar Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi, 13(1), 1-31. https://izlik.org/JA47YG46KR Utomo, J. C. (2026). Strengthening Indonesia's Customs Enforcement Against Transnational Environmental Crime: A Comprehensive Policy Framework for Green Customs Implementation. Edunity Kajian Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan, 5(1), 12-19. https://doi.org/10.57096/edunity.v5i1.481 World Customs Organization (WCO), 2022. Green Customs Global Conference. Retrieved from: https://www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/research/report/wco_green-customs-global-conference_executive-summary_en.pdf World Customs Organization (WCO), 2009. WCO Green Customs Regional Workshop. Retrieved from: http://wcoomd.org/en/media/newsroom/2009/july/wco-green-customs-regional-workshop.aspx World Customs Organization (WCO), 2023. Transition to a circular economy and implications for Customs administrations. Retrieved from: https://www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/research/report/circular-economy-report-en.pdf?db=web World Customs Organization (WCO), 2025. Customs and Environmental Policies. Retrieved from: https://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/customs-and-environmental-policies.aspx Yager, R. R. (2013). Pythagorean membership grades in multicriteria decision making. IEEE Transactions on fuzzy systems, 22(4), 958-965. doi: 10.1109/TFUZZ.2013.2278989 Yalçınkaya, I., & Cebi, S. (2023). Interval-Valued Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP: Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Supply Chain. In Analytic Hierarchy Process with Fuzzy Sets Extensions: Applications and Discussions (pp. 249-272). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39438-6_11 Zadeh, L. A. (1965). Fuzzy sets. Information and control, 8(3), 338-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-9958(65)90241-X Zhang, X. (2016). Multicriteria Pythagorean fuzzy decision analysis: A hierarchical QUALIFLEX approach with the closeness index-based ranking methods. Information Sciences, 330, 104-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2015.10.012