TCDD Makinistlerinin Psikolojik Sermayeleri ve İş Stresleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2019, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 425 - 439, 20.07.2019

Caner Yurdadön Dilek Koçak

https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.560948

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, psikolojik
sermayenin iş stresiyle ilişkisini ortaya koyarak, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet
Demiryolları’nda (TCDD) çalışan makinistler özelinde araştırmaktır.
Araştırmanın modeli kurulurken psikolojik sermayenin çekirdek yapısı ve alt
boyutlarından her birinin, iş stresi ile ilişkili olabileceği varsayımından
yola çıkılmıştır. Bu kapsamda 770 makiniste anket dağıtılmıştır. Anketlerden 75
kişiye ait bilgiler analiz dışı bırakılmış, analiz çalışması 605 kişilik
örneklem boyutuyla değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan ankette
demografik soruların yanı sıra Psikolojik Sermaye Ölçeği ile İş Stresi Ölçeği
kullanılmıştır. Anket verileri kapsamında yapısal eşitlik modeline ilişkin
sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma modeli çerçevesinde ortaya koyulan
hipotezlerin test sonuçlarına göre, psikolojik sermaye ile iş stresi
arasında  anlamlı ve ters yönde bir
ilişki  bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, umut, öz
yeterlilik, iyimserlik, dayanıklılık (psikolojik sermayenin alt boyutları)  ile  iş
stresi arasında da anlamlı ve ters yönde bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Pozitif Psikoloji, Psikolojik Sermaye, İş Stresi, Makinist

A Research on Psychological Capital and Job Stress of TCDD Engine Drivers

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between psychological capital and job stress of  the engine drivers who work in the Republic of Turkey State Railways (TCDD). While establishing the model of the study, it was assumed that the core structure and sub-dimensions of psychological capital could be related to work stress. In this context, questionnaries were distributed to 770 engine drivers. The data of 75 people were excluded from the analysis, and the analysis was evaluated with a sample size of 605 people. In addition to demographic questions, the Work Stress Scale and Psychological Capital Scale were used in the survey. The results of the structural equation model were evaluated within the scope of the survey data.  According to the test results of the hypothesis revealed within the framework of the research model, a negative and significant relationship has been found between psychological capital and work stress. In addition, it has been found that there was a negative and significant relationship between the hope, self-efficacy, optimism, resilience (sub-dimensions of psychological capital) and work stress. 

Keywords

Positive Psychology, Psychological Capital

References

• KAYNAKÇAAbbas, M. ve Raja, U. (2015). Impact of Psychological Capital on Innovative Performance and Job Stress. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 128-138.
• Albrect, K. (1988). Gerilim ve Yönetici, Çev: K. Tosun ve diğ., . İstanbul: İ.Ü. İşletme Fakültesi ,Yayın No: 197.
• Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S. ve Yıldırım, E. (2012). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri SPSS Uygulamalı. Sakarya: Sakarya Yayıncılık.
• Avey, J., Luthans, F. ve Jensen, S. (2009). Psychological Capital: A Positive Resource For Combating Employee Stress And Turnover. Human Resource Management, 677–693.
• Avey, J., Patera, J. L. ve West, B. J. (2006). The Implications of Positive Psychological Capital on Employee Absenteeism. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 42-60.
• Avey, J. B., Wernsing, T. S., ve Luthans, F. (2008) Can positive employees help positive organizational change? Impact of psychological capital and emotions on relevant attitudes and behaviors. The journal of applied behavioral science, 44(1), 48-70
• Avolio, B. ve Luthans, F. (2006). The High Impact Leader: Moments Matter for Accelerating Authentic Leadership Development. New York: McGraw-Hill.
• Baltaş, Z. ve Baltaş, A. (2004). Stres ve Başa Çıkma Yolları. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
• Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
• Bandura, A. (2012). On The Functional Properties of Perceived Self-Efficacy Revisited. Journal of Management, 9-44.
• Bandura, A. ve Locke, E. (2003). Negative Self-efficacy and Goal Effects Revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87-99.
• Cam, E. (2004). Çalışma Yaşamında Stres ve Kamu Kesiminde Kadın Çalışanlar. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 13-34.
• Çelik, M. (2018). The Effect of Psychological Capital Level of Employees on Workplace Stress and Employee Turnover Intention. Innovar, 28(68), 67-75. doi: 10.15446/innovar.v28n68.70472.
• Çetin, F. ve Basım, H. N. (2012). Örgütsel Psikolojik Sermaye: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 121-137.
• Demir, S. (2018). The Relationship Between Psychological Capital And Stress, Anxiety, Burnout, Job Satisfaction, And Job Involvement. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 75 (2018) 137-154.
• Ender, R. (2017). Meslekler ve Mekanlar. 1. Basım, 3. Baskı, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
• Erkmen, T. ve Esen, E. (2012). Psikolojik Sermaye Konusunda 2003-2011 Yıllarında Yapılan Çalışmaların Kategorik Olarak İncelenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9 ( 19).
• Fredrickson, B. (2001). The Role of Positive Emotions In Positive Psychology: The Broaden-And-Build Theory of Positive Emotions. American Psychologist, 218-226.
• Gist, M. E. ve Mitchell, T. R. (1992). Self Efficacy: A Theoretical Analysis of Its Determinants and Malleability. Academy of Management Review, 183-211.
• Greenberg, E., Sikora, P., Grunberg, L. ve Moore, S. (2000). Work Teams and Organizational Commitment. Puget: University of Puget Sound.
• Gümüştekin, G. E. ve Öztemiz, A. B. (2005). Örgütlerde Stresin Verimlilik ve Performansla Etkileşimi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14 (1), 271-288.
• Güney, S. (2011). Stres ve Stresle Başa Çıkma. S. Güney içinde, Yönetim ve Organizasyon, Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
• Hao, C., Yang, F., Song, J., ve Tang, F. (2018). The Mediating Effects of ICU Nurses Psychological Capital on Job Stress and Job Satisfaction. Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing, 34(16), 1252-1256.
• Lan, L.Y. ve Gill, D.L. (1984). The Relationships Among Self-Efficacy, Stress Responses And A Cognitive Feedback Manipulation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 6, 227-238.
• Li, X., Kan, D., Liu, L., Shi, M., Wang, Y., Yang, X., Wang, J., Wang, L. ve Wu, H. (2015). The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital on The Association Between Occupational Stress And Job Burnout Among Bank Employees In China. International Journal of Environmental Research And Public Health, 12 (3), 2984-3001.
• Luthans, F. (2002). The Need For and Meaning of Positive Organizational Behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 695–706.
• Luthans, F. ve Youssef, C. (2004). Human, Social, and Now Positive Psychological Capital Management: Investing In People For Competitive Advantage. Organizations Dynamic, 33:143–160.
• Luthans, F., Avolio, B.J., Avey, J.B. ve Norman, S.M. (2007) Positive Psychological Capital:Measurement and Relationship with Performance and Satisfaction. Personal Psychology, 60:541-572.
• Luthans, F., Avey, J., Avolio, B., Norman, S. ve Combs, G. (2006). Psychological Capital Development:Toward A Micro-Intervention. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 387–393.
• Luthans, F., Avey, J., Clapp-Smith, R. ve Li, W. (2008). More Evidence On The Value Of Chinese Workers’ Psychological Capital: A Potentially Unlimited Competitive Resource?. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19 (5),818-827.
• Masten, A. S. ve Reed , M. (2002). In (Eds.), Handbook of Positive Psychology. C. Snyder and S. Lopez içinde Resilience In Development (s. 74-88). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• MYK, (2018). Ulusal Yeterlilik: Tren Makinisti Seviye:4, Yayın Tarihi:21/02/2018 Rev. No:02, (Mart, 2018) file:///C:/Users/HP/Downloads/10UMS0059-4%20Rev%2002%20Tren%20Makinisti%20(1).pdf
• Newstrom, J. ve Davis, K. (1997). Organizational Behavior: Human Behavior at Work, New York: McGraw-Hill International Editions.
• Odabaşı, Y. (1999). Anket Yöntemi. Ali Atıf Bir (Ed). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri içinde (s. 81-89). Anadolu Üniversitesi: Eskişehir. ISBN 975 - 492 - 840 - 1.
• Peterson, C. (2000). The Future of Optimism. American Psychologist, 44-55.
• Roberts, S. J., Scherer, L. L., ve Bowyer, C. J. (2011). Job Stress and Incivility: What Role Does Psychological Capital Play?. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 18(4), 449-458.
• Scheier, M. F. ve Carver, C. (2002). Optimism, Coping, and Health: Assessment and Implications of Generalized Outcome Expectancies. Health Psychology, 4 (3), 219– 247.
• Schunk, H. D. (2005). Self-Regulated Learning: The Educational Legacy of Paul R. Pintrich. Educational Psychologist, 85 -94.
• Sekaran, U. (2000). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach , Wiley and Sons, USA.
• Seligmann, M. (2002). Positive Psychology, Positive Prevention, and Positive Therapy. Handbook of Positive Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Shen, X., Yang, Y. L., Wang, Y., Liu, L., Wang, S., ve Wang, L. (2014). The Association Between Occupational Stress And Depressive Symptoms And The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital Among Chinese University Teachers: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Psychiatry, 14(1), 329.
• Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S.A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon,S. T., Yoshinobu, L. , Gibb,J., Langelle,C. ve Harney, P. (1991). The Will and the Ways: Development and Validation of an Individual-Differences Measure of Hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60 ( 4), 570-585.
• Snyder, C. R. (2000). Handbook of Hope. San Diego: Academic Press.
• SPY, (2016). Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Demiryolları İşletmesi Genel Müdürlüğü Sağlık ve Psikoteknik Yönergesi (Aralık, 2017) http://www.tcddtasimacilik.gov.tr/files/3/psikoteknik.pdf
• Usher, E. ve Pajares, F. (2008). Sources of Self-Efficacy In School: Critical Review of The Literature And Future Directions. Review of Educational Research, 751–796.
• Wang, D., Wang, X. ve Xia, N. (2018). How Safety-Related Stress Affects Workers’ Safety Behavior: The Moderating Role of Psychological Capital. Safety Science, 103, 247-259.
• Weis, R. ve Speridakos, E. (2011). A Meta-Analysis of Hope Enhancement Strategies In Clinical and Community Settings. Psychology of Well-Being: Theory, Research and Practice, 1(5).
• Zautra, A., Hall, J. ve Murray, K. (2010). Resilience: A New Definition of Health For People and Communities. J. Reich, A. Zautra, And J. Hall İçinde, Handbook of Adult Resilience (s. 3–29). New York: Guilford Press.