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Vermikülit (Yıldızeli/Sivas) İlavesinin Vitrifiye Seramik Malzemelerin Özelliklerine Etkisinin Araştırılması

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 632 - 642, 18.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1050392

Abstract

Vitrifiye, geleneksel olarak çanak çömleklerden yapılan bir banyo veya tuvalet içine yerleştirilmiş tuvaletler, lavabolar, ayaklıklar, pisuarlar, lavabolar ve küvetler gibi eşyaları tanımlamak için kullanılan genel bir terimdir. Vitrifiye ürünleri esas olarak kil, kaolen, feldispat ve kuvarstan yapılır, ancak küçük miktarlarda başka hammaddeler de içerebilirler. Çok parlak, leke tutmaz yüzeyleri hem banyo hem de mutfaklarda kullanım için idealdir. Hidromika grubunun doğal olarak meydana geldiği bir mineral olan vermikülit, 300 ℃'nin üzerinde ısıtıldığında yüksek verimli bir ısı yalıtım malzemesi haline gelir. Genleştirilmiş vermikülit, benzersiz özellikleri, düşük kütle yoğunluğu, düşük termal iletkenliği, nispeten yüksek erime noktası, kimyasal atalet, dayanıklılık ve çevre güvenliği nedeniyle ısı yalıtım malzemeleri için dolgu maddesi olarak kullanılabilir. Bu çalışmada, Yıldızeli/Sivas bölgesinden elde edilen vermikülitin vitrifiye bünye özelliklerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada kullanılan malzemeler kalsine vermikülit, kuvars, kil, kaolen ve feldspat seramik hammaddeleridir. Hammaddeden uygun reçeteye göre kaolen-feldspat-kuvars üçlü denge diyagramı kullanılarak vitrifiye kompozisyonları hazırlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda; hazırlanan vitrifiye bünyeleri ağırlıkça %0, 10 ve 20 kalsine vermikülit (1050 °C 1 saat) ilave edilerek bünye kompozisyonları oluşturulmuştur. Numuneler S20V1100 (S: Vitrifiye; 20V: %20 vermikülit ilavesi ve 1100: 1100 °C pişirme sıcaklığı) olarak kodlanmıştır. Alümina bilyalı değirmenlerde (60 rpm, 24 saat) homojenize edilen karışımlar, tek eksenli kuru presleme (100 MPa) ile şekillendirilmiştir. Daha sonra hazırlanan preslenmiş numuneler 1050-1100 ve 1150 °C'de 1 saat fırınlanmıştır. Üretilen vitrifiye gövdelerinde mikroyapı (SEM), faz analizi (XRD), mekanik (sertlik, 3 nokta eğilme) ve fiziksel özelliklerin (% çekme, su emme, gözeneklilik ve yoğunluk) testleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler grafik ve tablolar halinde sunulmuş ve yorumlanmıştır. Vermikülit katkılı numunelerin özellikleri başarıyla geliştirilmiş ve optimum parametreler açıkça gösterilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, kalsine vermikülitin artmasıyla vitrifiye özelliklerinin iyileştiği gösterilmiştir.

References

  • Boyraz, T., & Akkus, A. (2021). Investigation of wear properties of mullite and aluminium titanate added porcelain ceramics. Journal of Ceramic Processing Research, 22(2), 226-231.
  • Çitak, E., & Boyraz, T. (2014). Microstructural characterization and thermal properties of aluminium titanate/YSZ Ceramics. Acta Physica Polonica A, 125(2), 465-468.
  • Djangang, C., Elimbi, A., Melo, U., Nkoumbou, C., & Lecomte, G. (2007). Characteristics and ceramic properties of clays from Mayoum deposit (West Cameroon). Industrial ceramics, 27(2), 79-88.
  • İssi, A., Coşkun, N. D., Tiryaki, V., & Uz, V. (2017). Casting and sintering of a sanitaryware body containing fine fire clay (FFC). Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, 53(1), 157-162.
  • Knies, F., Schrantz, K., Aneziris, C., Gauckler, L., & Graule, T. (2016). Superhydrophilic ceramic glazes for sanitaryware. Journal of Ceramic Science and Technology, 7(01).
  • Kurama, S., & Sari, H. (2019). Investigation of sintering behavior of sanitaryware ceramics by controlling glassy phase. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, 55(3), 623-632.
  • López, S. Y. R., & Rodríguez, J. (2015). Microstructural characterization of sanitaryware by infrared and Raman spectroscopy, the role of vitreous matrix on propierties. Journal of Ceramic Processing Research, 16(1), 162-168.
  • Martini, E., Pavese, A., Tabacchi, D., Fortuna, D., & Fortuna, A. (2021). Effects of sintering temperature on microstructure and properties of sanitaryware ceramic produced with waste material. Cerâmica, 67, 39-47.
  • Ngayakamo, B., & Park, S. E. (2019). Evaluation of kalalani vermiculite for production of high strength porcelain insulators. Science of Sintering, 51(2).
  • Önen, U., & Boyraz, T. (2014). Microstructural characterization and thermal properties of aluminium titanate/spinel ceramic matrix composites. Acta Phys. Pol. A, 125(2), 488-490.
  • Önen, U., Ercenk, E., & Yılmaz, Ş. (2017). Development of machinable glass-ceramics produced from vermiculite. Acta Phys. Pol. A, 131, 168-170.
  • Rashad, A. M. (2016). Vermiculite as a construction material–A short guide for Civil Engineer. Construction and Building Materials, 125, 53-62.
  • Romero, M., Martín-Márquez, J., & Rincón, J. M. (2006). Kinetic of mullite formation from a porcelain stoneware body for tiles production. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 26(9), 1647-1652.
  • Sacli, M., Önen, U., & Boyraz, T. (2015). Microstructural characterization and thermal properties of aluminium titanate/porcelain ceramic matrix composites. Acta Physica Polonica A, 127(4), 1133-1135.
  • Sasipriya, K., Suriyaprabha, R., Prabu, P., & Rajendran, V. (2013). Sanitaryware Wc One Piece Ceramic Two Function Toilet. Materials Research, 16(4), 824-830.
  • Spirina, V., & Flerova, M. (1975). Expanded vermiculite as heat insulation material. Refractories, 16(3), 201-203.
  • Suvorov, S., & Skurikhin, V. (2002). High-temperature heat-insulating materials based on vermiculite. Refractories and industrial ceramics, 43(11), 383-389.
  • Suvorov, S., & Skurikhin, V. (2003). Vermiculite—a promising material for high-temperature heat insulators. Refractories and industrial ceramics, 44(3), 186-193.
  • Tapik, Ş., Önen, U., & Boyraz, T. (2019). Investigation of The Effect of Vermiculite (Yıldızeli/Sivas) Addition on The Properties of Ceramic Porcelain. AKU Journal of Science and Engineering, 19, 513-520.
  • Tarhan, B., Tarhan, M., & Aydin, T. (2017). Reusing sanitaryware waste products in glazed porcelain tile production. Ceramics International, 43(3), 3107-3112.

Investigation Of The Effect Of Vermiculite (Yıldızeli/Sivas) Addition On The Properties Of Sanitaryware Ceramic

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 632 - 642, 18.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1050392

Abstract

Sanitaryware is the generic term used to describe items which traditionally were made from pottery. i.e. toilets, washbasins, pedestals, bidet, urinals, sinks, bathtubs installed within a bathroom or washroom. Sanitaryware products are primarily made of clay, kaolin, feldspar and quartz but they may also include small quantities of other raw materials. Its high gloss, stain resistant surface is ideal for use in both bath-rooms and kitchens. Vermiculite, a mineral in which the hydromicas group occurs naturally, becomes a high-efficiency thermal insulation material when heated above 300 ℃. The expanded vermiculite can be used as a filler for heat insulating materials due to its unique properties, low bulk density, low thermal conductivity, relatively high melting point, chemical inertia, durability and environmental safety. In this study, the effects of vermiculite obtained from Yıldızeli/Sivas region on sanitaryware body properties were investigated. The materials used in this study are calcined vermiculite, quartz, clay, kaolin and feldspar ceramic raw materials. Sanitaryware compositions were prepared by using kaolin-feldspar-quartz ternary equilibrium diagram according to the appropriate recipe from the raw material. In accordance with this purpose; prepared sanitaryware bodies %0, 10 and 20 by weight calcined vermiculite (1050 oC 1 hour) was added to formed the body compositions. The samples were coded as S20V1100 (S: Sanitaryware; 20V: 20% vermiculite addition and 1100: 1100 °C firing temperature). Mixtures homogenized in Alumina ball mills (60 rpm, 24 hours) were shaped by uniaxial dry pressing (100 MPa). Then, the prepared pressed samples were fired at 1050-1100 and 1150 °C for 1 hour. Microstructure (SEM), phase analysis (XRD), mechanical (hardness, 3-point bending) and physical properties (% shrinkage, water absorption, porosity and density) tests were performed on the sanitaryware bodies produced. The obtained data were presented in graphs and tables and commented. Accordingly, the properties of the vermiculite doped specimens were successfully developed and the optimum parameters were clearly shown. According to the results, it has been shown that sanitaryware properties are improved with the increase of calcined vermiculite.

References

  • Boyraz, T., & Akkus, A. (2021). Investigation of wear properties of mullite and aluminium titanate added porcelain ceramics. Journal of Ceramic Processing Research, 22(2), 226-231.
  • Çitak, E., & Boyraz, T. (2014). Microstructural characterization and thermal properties of aluminium titanate/YSZ Ceramics. Acta Physica Polonica A, 125(2), 465-468.
  • Djangang, C., Elimbi, A., Melo, U., Nkoumbou, C., & Lecomte, G. (2007). Characteristics and ceramic properties of clays from Mayoum deposit (West Cameroon). Industrial ceramics, 27(2), 79-88.
  • İssi, A., Coşkun, N. D., Tiryaki, V., & Uz, V. (2017). Casting and sintering of a sanitaryware body containing fine fire clay (FFC). Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, 53(1), 157-162.
  • Knies, F., Schrantz, K., Aneziris, C., Gauckler, L., & Graule, T. (2016). Superhydrophilic ceramic glazes for sanitaryware. Journal of Ceramic Science and Technology, 7(01).
  • Kurama, S., & Sari, H. (2019). Investigation of sintering behavior of sanitaryware ceramics by controlling glassy phase. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, 55(3), 623-632.
  • López, S. Y. R., & Rodríguez, J. (2015). Microstructural characterization of sanitaryware by infrared and Raman spectroscopy, the role of vitreous matrix on propierties. Journal of Ceramic Processing Research, 16(1), 162-168.
  • Martini, E., Pavese, A., Tabacchi, D., Fortuna, D., & Fortuna, A. (2021). Effects of sintering temperature on microstructure and properties of sanitaryware ceramic produced with waste material. Cerâmica, 67, 39-47.
  • Ngayakamo, B., & Park, S. E. (2019). Evaluation of kalalani vermiculite for production of high strength porcelain insulators. Science of Sintering, 51(2).
  • Önen, U., & Boyraz, T. (2014). Microstructural characterization and thermal properties of aluminium titanate/spinel ceramic matrix composites. Acta Phys. Pol. A, 125(2), 488-490.
  • Önen, U., Ercenk, E., & Yılmaz, Ş. (2017). Development of machinable glass-ceramics produced from vermiculite. Acta Phys. Pol. A, 131, 168-170.
  • Rashad, A. M. (2016). Vermiculite as a construction material–A short guide for Civil Engineer. Construction and Building Materials, 125, 53-62.
  • Romero, M., Martín-Márquez, J., & Rincón, J. M. (2006). Kinetic of mullite formation from a porcelain stoneware body for tiles production. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 26(9), 1647-1652.
  • Sacli, M., Önen, U., & Boyraz, T. (2015). Microstructural characterization and thermal properties of aluminium titanate/porcelain ceramic matrix composites. Acta Physica Polonica A, 127(4), 1133-1135.
  • Sasipriya, K., Suriyaprabha, R., Prabu, P., & Rajendran, V. (2013). Sanitaryware Wc One Piece Ceramic Two Function Toilet. Materials Research, 16(4), 824-830.
  • Spirina, V., & Flerova, M. (1975). Expanded vermiculite as heat insulation material. Refractories, 16(3), 201-203.
  • Suvorov, S., & Skurikhin, V. (2002). High-temperature heat-insulating materials based on vermiculite. Refractories and industrial ceramics, 43(11), 383-389.
  • Suvorov, S., & Skurikhin, V. (2003). Vermiculite—a promising material for high-temperature heat insulators. Refractories and industrial ceramics, 44(3), 186-193.
  • Tapik, Ş., Önen, U., & Boyraz, T. (2019). Investigation of The Effect of Vermiculite (Yıldızeli/Sivas) Addition on The Properties of Ceramic Porcelain. AKU Journal of Science and Engineering, 19, 513-520.
  • Tarhan, B., Tarhan, M., & Aydin, T. (2017). Reusing sanitaryware waste products in glazed porcelain tile production. Ceramics International, 43(3), 3107-3112.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Material Production Technologies
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLES
Authors

Tahsin Boyraz

Umut Önen

Şaban Tapik This is me

Publication Date July 18, 2022
Submission Date December 29, 2021
Acceptance Date May 5, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Boyraz, T., Önen, U., & Tapik, Ş. (2022). Investigation Of The Effect Of Vermiculite (Yıldızeli/Sivas) Addition On The Properties Of Sanitaryware Ceramic. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(2), 632-642. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1050392
AMA Boyraz T, Önen U, Tapik Ş. Investigation Of The Effect Of Vermiculite (Yıldızeli/Sivas) Addition On The Properties Of Sanitaryware Ceramic. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences. July 2022;5(2):632-642. doi:10.47495/okufbed.1050392
Chicago Boyraz, Tahsin, Umut Önen, and Şaban Tapik. “Investigation Of The Effect Of Vermiculite (Yıldızeli/Sivas) Addition On The Properties Of Sanitaryware Ceramic”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5, no. 2 (July 2022): 632-42. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1050392.
EndNote Boyraz T, Önen U, Tapik Ş (July 1, 2022) Investigation Of The Effect Of Vermiculite (Yıldızeli/Sivas) Addition On The Properties Of Sanitaryware Ceramic. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5 2 632–642.
IEEE T. Boyraz, U. Önen, and Ş. Tapik, “Investigation Of The Effect Of Vermiculite (Yıldızeli/Sivas) Addition On The Properties Of Sanitaryware Ceramic”, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 632–642, 2022, doi: 10.47495/okufbed.1050392.
ISNAD Boyraz, Tahsin et al. “Investigation Of The Effect Of Vermiculite (Yıldızeli/Sivas) Addition On The Properties Of Sanitaryware Ceramic”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5/2 (July 2022), 632-642. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1050392.
JAMA Boyraz T, Önen U, Tapik Ş. Investigation Of The Effect Of Vermiculite (Yıldızeli/Sivas) Addition On The Properties Of Sanitaryware Ceramic. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences. 2022;5:632–642.
MLA Boyraz, Tahsin et al. “Investigation Of The Effect Of Vermiculite (Yıldızeli/Sivas) Addition On The Properties Of Sanitaryware Ceramic”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 2, 2022, pp. 632-4, doi:10.47495/okufbed.1050392.
Vancouver Boyraz T, Önen U, Tapik Ş. Investigation Of The Effect Of Vermiculite (Yıldızeli/Sivas) Addition On The Properties Of Sanitaryware Ceramic. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences. 2022;5(2):632-4.

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