Determination of fruit quality characteristics of blackberry genotypes growing naturally in Düzce (Türkiye)

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 3, 581 - 596, 26.10.2023

Akgül Taş

https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.1347059

Öz

In this study, the morphological, physicochemical and biochemical properties of the fruit of the blackberry (Rubus spp.) genotypes grown naturally in the village of Dağdibi, Kaynaşlı district of Düzce province were determined. Fruit weights of the genotypes ranged from 1.77 g (81KYN10) to 0.80 g (81KYN2). Fruit width ranged from 13.55 mm (81KYN10) to 9.05 mm (81KYN2). Fruit length was determined between 14.26 mm (81KYN10) and 11.09 mm (81KYN2). In terms of the highest rate of amount of soluble solids content (SSC) in the study, 81KYN1 (16.70%), 81KYN3 (15.65%), 81KYN4 (15.40%), and 81KYN5 (16.20%) genotypes were more important. In terms of the highest titratable acidity (TA) value, 81KYN7 (0.52%) and 81KYN13 (0.51%) genotypes were more dominant. The highest L*, a*, b*, chroma and Hue angle values in color value parameters were found as 13.88 (81KYN7), 1.34 (81KYN4), 1.12 (81KYN4), 1.77 (81KYN4) and 40.63 (81KYN1), respectively. In terms of biochemical content, the highest total phenolic amounts were detected in 81KYN2 (45.77 mg GAE/g), 81KYN6 (47.55 mg GAE/g), 81KYN7 (52.16 mg GAE/g) and 81KYN13 (46.31 mg GAE/g) genotypes, the highest total antioxidant capacities were seen in 81KYN1 (29.30%) and 81KYN2 (30.57%) genotypes. Additionally, the highest total protein amounts was determined in 81KYN1 (20.48 g/L), 81KYN3 (20.60 g/L) and 81KYN5 (20.87 g/L) genotypes. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the genotypes that stand out in terms of morphological, physicochemical and biochemical characteristics can be evaluated in functional blackberry production.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Blackberry, DPPH, physicochemical, protein, TPC

Düzce’de (Türkiye) doğal olarak yetişen böğürtlen genotiplerinin meyve kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de Düzce ili Kaynaşlı ilçesi Dağdibi köyünde doğal olarak yetişen böğürtlen (Rubus spp.) genotiplerine ait meyvelerin morfolojik, fizikokimyasal ve biyokimyasal özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Genotiplerin meyve ağırlıkları, 1.77 g (81KYN10) ile 0.80 g (81KYN2) arasında değişmiştir. Meyve eni, 13.55 mm (81KYN10) ile 9.05 mm (81KYN2) arasında değişmiştir. Meyve boyu ise 14.26 mm (81KYN10) ve 11.09 mm (81KYN2) arasında değişmiştir. Çalışmada, en yüksek suda çözünebilir katı madde miktarı (SÇKM) oranı açısından 81KYN1 (% 16.70), 81KYN3 (% 15.65), 81KYN4 (% 15.40) ve 81KYN5 (% 16.20) genotipleri, en yüksek titre edilebilir asitlik (TA) değeri açısından ise 81KYN7 (% 0.52) ve 81KYN13 (% 0.51) genotipleri daha baskın olmuştur. Renk değeri parametrelerinde ise en yüksek L*, a*, b*, kroma ve Hue açısı değerleri, sırasıyla, 13.88 (81KYN7), 1.34 (81KYN4), 1.12 (81KYN4), 1.77 (81KYN4) ve 40.63 (81KYN1) olarak bulunmuştur. Biyokimyasal içerik açısından, en yüksek toplam fenolik miktarları 81KYN2 (45.77 mg GAE/g), 81KYN6 (47.55 mg GAE/g), 81KYN7 (52.16 mg GAE/g) ve 81KYN13 (46.31 mg GAE/g) genotiplerinde tespit edilirken, en yüksek toplam antioksidan miktarları 81KYN1 (29.30%) ve 81KYN2 (30.57%) genotiplerinde görülmüştür. Ayrıca, en yüksek toplam protein miktarları ise 81KYN1 (20.48 g/L), 81KYN3 (20.60 g/L) ve 81KYN5 (20.87 g/L) genotiplerinde belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada sonuç olarak, morfolojik, fizikokimyasal ve biyokimyasal özellikler açısından öne çıkan genotiplerin fonksiyonel böğürtlen üretiminde ıslah materyali olarak değerlendirilebileceği kanaatine varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Böğürtlen, DPPH, fizikokimyasal, protein, TPC

Kaynakça

• Ağaoğlu, Y.S., 1986. Üzümsü meyveler. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, 984: 377.
• Bradford, M.M., 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye-binding. Anal. Biochem., 72: 248-254.
• Clark, J.R., Finn, C.E., 2011. Blackberry breeding and genetics. Global Science Books Fruit, Vegetable and Cereal Science and Biotechnology, 5: 27-43.
• Clark, J.R., Finn, Ch.E., Strik, B.C., Thompson, E., 2012. Progress and challenges in primocane-fruiting blackberry breeding and cultural management. Acta Hortic., 926: 387-392.
• Connor, A.M., Finn, C.E., Alspach, P.A., 2005. Genotypic and environmental variation in antioxidant activity and total phenolic content among blackberry and hybridberry cultivars. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science Jashs, 130(4): 527-533.
• De Gomes, M.G., Del Fabbro, L., Goes, A.T.R., Souza, L.C., Donato, F., Boeira, S.P., Jesse, C.R., 2019. Blackberry juice anthocyanidins limit cisplatin-induced renal pathophysiology in mice. Pathophysiology, 26(2): 137-143.
• Demir, G., Aktaş, N., 2018. A research on functional food knowledge, preference and consumption of university students. Journal of Human Sciences, 15(4): 2387-2397.
• Di Palma, R., 2011. Piccoli frutti, grandi risorse: Lamponi, ribes, mirtilli. Co. Parma Economica, 3: 48. Duan, Y., Yang, H., Wei, Z., Yang, H., Fan, S., Wu, W., Lyu, L., Li, W., 2023. Effects of different nitrogen forms on blackberry fruit quality. Foods, 12(12): 2318.
• Ertekin, C., Gozlekci, S., Kabas, O., Sonmez, S., Akıncı, I., 2006. Some physical, pomological and nutritional properties of two plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars. J. Food Eng., 75: 508−514.
• Escuredo, O., Rodríguez-Flores, M.S., Rojo-Martínez, S., Seijo, M.C., 2019. Contribution to the chromatic characterization of unifloral honeys from galicia (NW Spain). Foods, 8(7): 233.
• Eşitken, A., 1992. Erzincan’da yetiştirilen Hasanbey, Şalak ve Şekerpare kayısı çeşitlerinde meydana gelen fiziksel ve kimyasal değişmeler ile hasat kriterlerinin saptanması üzerinde bir araştırma. Master Thesis, Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bahçe Bitkileri Bölüm: Ankara.
• FAO, 2022. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available at http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC (Erişim tarihi: 17 Temmuz 2023).
• Finn, Ch.E., Clark, J.R., 2012). Blackberry. Fruit Breed, 151: 190.
• Garazhian, M., Gharaghani, A., Eshghi, S., 2020. Genetic diversity and inter-relationships of fruit bio-chemicals and antioxidant activity in Iranian wild blackberry species. Sci Rep., 10: 18983.
• Gentleman, R.C., Carey, V.J., Bates, D.M., Bolstad, B., Dettling, M., Dudoit, S., Ellis, B., Gautier, L., Ge, Y., Gentry, J., Hornik, K., Hothorn, T., Huber, W., Lacus, S., Irizarry, R., Leisch, F., Li, C., Maechler, M., Rossini, A.J., Sawitzki, G., Smith, C., Smyth, G., Tierney, L., Hanh, J.H.Y., Zhang, J., 2004. Bioconductor: Open software development for computational biology and bioinformatics. Genome Biol., 5(10): 1-16.
• Gruner, L.A., 2019. Аdaptive capabilities of blackberries in conditions of Оrel region Sovremennoe Sadovodstvo. Contemporary Horticulture, 3: 27-41.
• Güler, E., Kan, E., Ünal, M.S., 2023. The diversity in grapes of Vitis labrusca grown in Bolu (Türkiye) assessed by multivariate approaches. Genes, 14: 1491.
• Gündeşli, M.A., Kafkas, S., Zarıfıkhosroshahı, M., Kafkas, N.E., 2019. Role of endogenous polyamines in the alternate bearing phenomenon in pistachio. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 43(3): 265-274.
• Gündoğdu, M., Kan, T., Canan, I., 2016. Bioactive and antioxidant characteristics of blackberry cultivars from East Anatolia. Turk. J. Agric. For., 40(3): 344–351.
• Huang, X., Wu, Y., Zhang, S., Yang, H., Wu, W., Lyu, L., Li, W., 2022. Variation in bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Rubus fruit at different developmental stages. Foods., 11(8): 1169. Kalyoncu, I.H., 1996. Konya’nın yöresindeki kızılcık (Cornus mas L.) tiplerinin bazı özellikleri ve farklı nem ortamlarındaki köklenme durumu üzerine bir araştırma. Doctoral Thesis, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarımsal Yapılar ve Sulama Ana Bilim Dalı: Konya.
• Karacali, I., 2002. Bahçe ürünlerinin muhafaza ve pazarlaması. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi. Karadeniz, T., Kalkisim, O., Balta, F., 1996. Vezirköprü’de yetişen kızılcık (Cornus mas L.) tiplerinde bazı olgunluk parametreleri arasındaki ilişkiler. Yüzüncü Yil Üniversitesi Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi, 6: 205−214.
• Kolbas, N.Y., Silva, M.A., Teissendre, P.L., Reshetnikov, V.N., 2012. Anthocyanius and antioxidant activity of fruits certain representatives of genus Rubus. Izvestiya NAN Belarusi = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series, 1: 5-10.
• Lee, J., 2017. Chapter 4. Blackberry fruit quality components, composition, and potential health benefits. In: Hall H.K., Funt R.C. (Eds.) Blackberries and Their Hybrids, 49: 62.
• Makus, D.J., 2011. Use of synthetic ground covers to control weeds in blackberries. International Journal of Fruit Science, 11(3): 286-298.
• Memete, A.R., Sărac, I., Teusdea, A.C., Budău, R., Bei, M., Vicas, S.I., 2023. Bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of several blackberry (Rubus spp.) fruits cultivars grown in Romania. Horticulturae, 9(5): 556. Meyers, S., Jennings, K., Monks, D., Mitchem, W., 2017. Effect of weed-free strip width on newly established ‘Navaho' blackberry growth, yield, and fruit quality. Weed Technology, 28(2): 426-431.
• Mikulic-Petkovsek, M., Veberic, R., Hudina, M., Zorenc, Z., Koron, D., Senica, M., 2021. Fruit quality characteristics and biochemical composition of fully ripe blackberries harvested at different times. Foods, 10(7): 1581.
• Milosevic, P.D.T., Mratinic, E., Milosevic, N., Glisic, İ., Mladenovic, J., 2012. Segregation of blackberry cultivars based on the fruit physico- chemical attributes. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 18(2): 100-109.
• Orzeł, A., Simlat, M., Danek, J., 2016. Directions in raspberry and blackberry breeding program conducted in NIWA Berry Breeding Ltd., Brzezna, Poland. Acta Hortic., 1133: 29-34.
• Özdal, T., Sela, D.A., Xiao, J., Boyacioglu, D., Chen, F., Capanoglu, E., 2016. The reciprocal interactions between polyphenols and gut microbiota and effects on bioaccessibility. Nutrients, 8(2): 78.
• Paczkowska-Walendowska, M., Gościniak, A., Szymanowska, D., Szwajgier, D., Baranowska-Wójcik, E., Szulc, P., Dreczka, D., Simon, M., Cielecka-Piontek, J., 2021. Blackberry leaves as new functional food? Screening antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and microbiological activities in correlation with phytochemical analysis. Antioxidants, 10(12): 1945.
• Sarkar, D., Orwat, J., Hurburt, T., Woods, F., Pitts, J.A., Shetty, K., 2016. Evaluation of phenolic bioactive-linked functionality of blackberry cultivars targeting dietary management of early 238 stages type-2 diabetes using in vitro models. Scientia Horticulturae, 212: 193-202.
• Selma, M.V., Beltrán, D., Luna, M.C., Romo-Vaquero, M., García-Villalba, R., Mira, A., Tomás-Barberán, F.A., 2017. Isolation of human intestinal bacteria capable of producing the bioactive metabolite isourolithin A from ellagic acid. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8. doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01521
• Takeda, F., Glenn, D.M., Tworkoski, T., 2013. Rotating cross-arm trellis technology for blackberry production. J. Berry Res., 3: 25-40.
• Tas, A., Gundogdu, M., Ercisli, S., Orman, E., Celik, K., Marc, R.A., Buckova, M., Adamkova, A., Mlcek, J., 2023. Fruit quality characteristics of service tree (Sorbus domestica L.) genotypes. ACS Omega, 8: 19862−19873.
• Waterhouse, A.L., 2002. Determination of t otal phenolics. Curr. Protoc. Food Anal. Chem., 6: I1.1.1–I1.1.8.
• Yılmaz, K.U., Zengin, Y., Ercişli, S., Serçe, S., Gündüz, K., Şengül, M., Asma, B.M., 2009. Some selected physico-chemical characteristics of wild and cultivated blackberry fruits (Rubus fruticosus L.) from Turkey. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 14(1): 4152-4163.