Bazı Vitis labrusca ve Vitis türlerinin Genetik Çeşitliliğinin Moleküler Markörlerle Analizi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3, 607 - 621, 30.10.2024

Yeşim Doyğaci , Arif Atak

https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.1475187

Öz

Türkiye bağcılık için oldukça uygun bir iklime sahip olup, eski çağlardan beri ülkenin hemen her bölgesinde farklı üzüm çeşitleri yetiştirilmektedir. Bu üzüm çeşitleri arasında farklı isimlere sahip olanlar bulunsa da aynı genetik yapıya sahip üzüm çeşitleri de bulunmaktadır. Özellikle Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde yoğun yağışlar ile neme dayanıklı Vitis labrusca türüne giren üzüm tip ve melezleri yetişmektedir. Ancak bölgede bu türün farklı genotiplerinin yetiştirildiğide bilinmektedir. Vitis labrusca L. ve melezlerinde doğal polen transferi ve melezlemeden dolayı genetik karışıklık söz konusudur. Bu çalışmada Vitis labrusca genotipleri başta olmak üzere Vitis çeşitleri ve genotipleri arasındaki genetik benzerlik ve farklılıklar 18 farklı SSR primeri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Genetik ilişki dendrogramında çeşitler/genotipler %0,65 ile %0,98 arasında değişen oranlarda benzerlik göstermiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan çeşit ve genotipler arasındaki en yüksek benzerlik oranı %92 ile 5 '57 Gerze 04' ve 6 '61 Of 04' genotipleri arasında tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçların özellikle Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde farklı üzüm gen havuzu olduğunu ortaya çıkarmış olup, gelecekte hastalık direnci ıslahı çalışmalarına önemli katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir. İklim değişikliği ve tüketicilerde farkındalığının artması ile birlikte, önümüzdeki yıllarda V. labrusca türüne mensup üzümler gibi hastalığa dayanıklı veya tolerant olan üzümlere talebin artması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Üzüm çeşitleri/genotipleri, SSR markörler, Benzerlik indeksi, Doğal melezleme, Islah

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Some Vitis labrusca and Vitis spp. with Molecular Markers

Öz

Türkiye has a very suitable climate for viticulture, and different grape varieties have been grown in almost every region since ancient times. Although these grape varieties have different names, there are also grape varieties with the same genetic structure. In particular, in the Black Sea Region, Vitis labrusca, which is resistant to heavy rainfall and humidity, and hybrids of this species grow. However, it is known that different genotypes of this species are grown in the region. Genetic confusion exists in Vitis labrusca L. and its hybrids due to natural pollen transfer and crossing. This study evaluated the genetic similarities and differences among Vitis varieties and genotypes, mainly Vitis labrusca genotypes, with 18 different SSR primers. In the genetic relationship dendrogram, the varieties/genotypes showed similarity at rates ranging from 0.65% to 0.98%. The highest similarity rate between the varieties and genotypes used in the study was determined between the genotypes 5 '57 Gerze 04' and 6 '61 Of 04' with 92%. The results obtained have revealed different grape gene pools, especially in the Black Sea Region, and are expected to contribute to disease resistance breeding studies in the future significantly. Increasing consumer awareness of climate change will increase the interest in disease-resistant or tolerant grapes, such as Vitis labrusca species, in the coming years.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Grape cultivars/genotypes, SSR markers, Similarity index, Natural cross, Breeding

Kaynakça

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