The investigation of concomitant dermal and oral lichen planus in patients referred to Zahedan University centres

Year 2023, Volume: 40 Issue: 1, 52 - 56, 18.03.2023

Tahereh Nosratzehi , Abolfazl Payandeh Atefeh Nosratzehi

Abstract

Lichen planus (LP) is a common chronic immunologic inflammatory epidermal and mucocutaneous disorder involving skin, oral mucosa and both sometimes, the main cause of which is still unknown. Due to the importance and its prevalence, this study was carried out in order to assess the association of oral and dermal lesions in patients referring to Dermatology Clinic and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Zahedan Dental School. In this descriptive study, a total of 99 patients with individual involvement of LP in skin or mucosa were selected among 6510 patients referring to Dermatology Clinic and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Zahedan Dental School. The selected cases were subjected to further and exact clinical examination along with interview, while in suspected lesions, the conducted histopatologic tests obtained by biopsy were used for the evaluation. A questionnaire was completed for each patient after taking history and physical examination, including history of systemic diseases, interacting medication, smoking habits, presence of oral and dermal lesions, the onset of mucosal and skin lesions and the treatment period, oral lesions signs and the patients complaint, involvement location, form, manner of distribution, oral lesion history as well as existence of amalgam restorations alongside the lesion chi-square used to assess differences for variables. The study revealed 38 percent association of oral and dermal lesions in the study population, while individual oral lesion was observed in 60.6 percent of patients and individual dermal lesions in 39.3 percent. The most reported symptom of oral lichen planus in the study population was the Oral ulcer, while the buccal mucosa was the most common site of involvement and erosive form was the high prevalent. The most reported symptom of dermal lichen planus in the study population was the Itching, while the Simultaneous hand and foot conflict was the most common site of involvement and Papular form was the high prevalent. High incidence of dermal and oral lichen planus association revealed throughout the study calls the attention for complete systemic examinations of the patients. As this study was carried out in the dermatology clinic, it seems that other studies in dental schools as well as throughout the public will be of necessity and importance to verify the results. According to this study, there was not a significant statistical relationship between LP and other variables.

Keywords

Oral Lichen Planus, Dermal Lichen Planus, Association

References

• 1. Tak MM, Chalkoo AH. Demographic, clinical profile of oral lichen planus and its possible correlation with thyroid disorders: A case-control study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY. 2015;3(8):19-23.
• 2. Mankapure PK, Humbe JG, Mandale MS, Bhavthankar JD. Clinical profile of 108 cases of oral lichen planus. J Oral Sci. 2016;58(1):43-7.
• 3. Silverman Jr S, Bahl S. Oral lichen planus update: clinical characteristics, treatment responses, and malignant transformation. American journal of dentistry. 1997;10(6):259-63.
• 4. Breathnach SM. Lichen Planus and Lichenoid Disorders. 2010:1-28.
• 5. Neville B, Damm D, Allen C. Oral & maxillofacial pathology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Co.; 2002.
• 6. Greenberg M, Glick M. Burket's oral medicine: Diagnosis & treatment. 10th ed. Hamilton: BC Becker 2003; 107. 10th ed. Hamilton: BC Becker; 2003.
• 7. Vincent SD, Fotos PG, Baker KA, Williams TP. Oral lichen planus: The clinical, historical, and therapeutic features of 100 cases. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1990;70(2):165-71.
• 8. Mardani M, Hamidizadeh N. Serum Levels of IL-22 in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus and Cutaneous Lichen Planus. Journal of Dentistry. 2020;21(4):330.
• 9. Pakfetrat A, Javadzadeh-Bolouri A, Basir-Shabestari S, Falaki F. Oral Lichen Planus: a retrospective study of 420 Iranian patients. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009;14(7):E315-8.
• 10. Esmaily N, Barzegarri M, Rezaee M. Prevalence a clinical manifestation at lichen planus: Case reports 120 cases. Journal of Dermocological Disease. 2003;8(2):110-4.
• 11. Khalili M, Shojaee M. A retrospective study of oral lichen planus in oral pathology department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (1968-2002). Journal of Dental Medicine. 2006;19(3):45-52.
• 12. Eisen D. The clinical features, malignant potential, and systemic associations of oral lichen planus: a study of 723 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;46(2):207-14.
• 13. Xue JL, Fan MW, Wang SZ, Chen XM, Li Y, Wang L. A clinical study of 674 patients with oral lichen planus in China. J Oral Pathol Med. 2005;34(8):467-72.
• 14. Ingafou M, Leao JC, Porter SR, Scully C. Oral lichen planus: a retrospective study of 690 British patients. Oral Dis. 2006;12(5):463-8.
• 15. Gandolfo S, Richiardi L, Carrozzo M, Broccoletti R, Carbone M, Pagano M, et al. Risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma in 402 patients with oral lichen planus: a follow-up study in an Italian population. Oral Oncology. 2004;40(1):77-83.
• 16. Bermejo-Fenoll A, Sanchez-Siles M, Lopez-Jornet P, Camacho-Alonso F, Salazar-Sanchez N. A retrospective clinicopathological study of 550 patients with oral lichen planus in south-eastern Spain. J Oral Pathol Med. 2010;39(6):491-6.
• 17. Alam F, Hamburger J. Oral mucosal lichen planus in children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2001;11(3):209-14.
• 18. Laeijendecker R, Van Joost T, Tank B, Oranje AP, Neumann HA. Oral lichen planus in childhood. Pediatr Dermatol. 2005;22(4):299-304.
• 19. Mozaffari HR, Rahmani M, Rezaei F, Sadeghi M, Sharifi R, Ejtehadi A. Evaluation of oral lichen planus frequency in patients referred to pathology centers of Kermanshah city, during 2008 to 2011. Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences. 2016;4(6):2200-2.
• 20. Munde AD, Karle RR, Wankhede PK, Shaikh SS, Kulkurni M. Demographic and clinical profile of oral lichen planus: A retrospective study. Contemp Clin Dent. 2013;4(2):181-5.
• 21. Boyd A, Nelden K. Lichenplanus. In: Demis J, editor. Clinical dermatology. New York: Lippirncortt_Raven; 1999. p. 1-9: 2.9.10.20.
• 22. Black M. Lichen planus and lichenoid disorders. . In: Champion R, Burton J, Burns D, editors. Text book of Dermatology 6th ed. Oxford England: Blackwell Science Ltd; 1998. p. 1899–926.
• 23. Rook/Wilkinson/Eblingtextbook of dermatology. . Oxford: Blackwell sciences; 1998.
• 24. Ardnt K. Lichenplanus. In: Fitzpatrick T, Eisen A, Wolff K, editors. Dermatology in general medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1993. p. 1134-48.