Research Article
NEOLİBERAL DÖNEMDE ULUSLARARASI FUTBOLCU HAREKETLİLİĞİ
Abstract
Yirminci yüzyılın son çeyreğinde futbolun ekonomik küreselleşmesi hızlandı. Futbolun neoliberal dönemi olarak
adlandırılabilecek bu süreçte futbolun ticari yönü arttı, televizyon yayın haklarının etkisiyle futbol ekonomisi büyüdü,
uluslararası yatırımlar arttı ve kulüpler birer markaya dönüştü. Bu neoliberal dönemin en önemli unsurlarından biri de emek
hareketliliğinin önündeki engellerin kaldırılması oldu. Bosman Kararları başta olmak üzere bu engellerin kaldırılması
uluslararası futbolcu hareketliliğini belirgin biçimde etkilemiştir. Serbestleşme, özellikle de elit seviyede, futbolcuların Afrika
ve Güney Amerika'dan Avrupa'nın beş büyük ligi olan İngiltere, İspanya, Almanya, İtalya ve Fransa'ya yönelmesiyle
sonuçlanmıştır. Bu hareketlilik, neoliberal küreselleşme ve tekelleşme ilişkisini futbol ekonomisinde de tartışma konusu
haline getirmiştir.
Keywords
References
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- 10. Kesenne, S. The Bosman Case and European Football, Wladimir Andreff ve StefanSzymanski (Ed.) Handbook on the Economics of Sport içinde. Northampton: Edward Elgar;2006; 636-642.
- 11. Andreff, W. The Economic Effects of 'Muscle Drain' in Sport, Labour Market Migration inEuropean Football: Key Issues and Challenges. Birkbeck Sports Business Centre; 2008.
- 12. Giulianotti, R, Robertson, R. Mapping the global football field: a sociological model oftransnational forces within the world game, The British Journal of Sociology, 2012; 63(2):216-240.
- 13. uefa.com
- 14. University of Leicester Centre for the Sociology of Sport. The 'New' Football Economics.http://www.le.ac.uk:80/so/css/resources/factsheets/fs10.html
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- 16. Gardiner, S, Welch, R. Nationality and protectionism in football: why are FIFA's '6+5 rule'and UEFA's 'home-grown player rule' on the agenda?, Soccer & Society. 2011; 12(6): 774-787.
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- 19. CIES Football Observatory. Digital Atlas, 2017. Available from: http://www.footballobservatory.com/
Abstract
References
- 1. Milanovic B. The World at Play: Soccer Takes on Globalization. Yale Global Online, 2010Jun. Available from: https://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/world-play-soccer-takes-globalization
- 2. King A. After the crunch: a new era for the beautiful game in Europe?. Soccer & Society2010; 11(6): 880-891.
- 3. Giulianotti R, Robertson R. Globalization & Football. California: SAGE Publications;2009.
- 4. Dubal S. The neoliberalization of football: Rethinking neoliberalism through thecommercialization of the beautiful game. International Review for the Sociology of Sport2010; 45(2): 123-146.
- 5. Goldblatt, D. Ball is Round: A Global History of Soccer. New York: Riverhead Books;2006.
- 6. Giulianotti, R. Football: A Sociology of the Global Game. Cambridge: Polity Press; 1999.
- 7. Ritzer, G. Küresel Dünya. Melih Pekdemir (çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları; 2011.
- 8. Cleland, J. A Sociology of Football in a Global Context. New York: Routledge; 2015.
- 9. Lanfranchi, P, Taylor, Matthew. Moving with the Ball: The Migration of ProfessionalFootballers. Oxford: Berg; 2001.
- 10. Kesenne, S. The Bosman Case and European Football, Wladimir Andreff ve StefanSzymanski (Ed.) Handbook on the Economics of Sport içinde. Northampton: Edward Elgar;2006; 636-642.
- 11. Andreff, W. The Economic Effects of 'Muscle Drain' in Sport, Labour Market Migration inEuropean Football: Key Issues and Challenges. Birkbeck Sports Business Centre; 2008.
- 12. Giulianotti, R, Robertson, R. Mapping the global football field: a sociological model oftransnational forces within the world game, The British Journal of Sociology, 2012; 63(2):216-240.
- 13. uefa.com
- 14. University of Leicester Centre for the Sociology of Sport. The 'New' Football Economics.http://www.le.ac.uk:80/so/css/resources/factsheets/fs10.html
- 15. Milanovic B. Globalization and goals: does soccer show the way?. Review ofInternational Political Economy 2005; 12(5): 829-850.
- 16. Gardiner, S, Welch, R. Nationality and protectionism in football: why are FIFA's '6+5 rule'and UEFA's 'home-grown player rule' on the agenda?, Soccer & Society. 2011; 12(6): 774-787.
- 17. UEFA The European Club Footballing Landcape, Club Licensing Benchmarking ReportFinancial Year 2015.
- 18. UEFA. Protecting of Young Players; 2014. Available from:http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=943393.html
- 19. CIES Football Observatory. Digital Atlas, 2017. Available from: http://www.footballobservatory.com/
There are 19 citations in total.