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FARKLI LİG DÜZEYLERİNDEKİ MÜSABAKALARDA GÖREV YAPAN ÜST KLASMAN HAKEMLERİNİN FİZYOLOJİK AÇIDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2016, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 97 - 102, 20.06.2016
https://doi.org/10.17155/spd.18474

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı üst klasmanda yer alan hakemlerin futbol maçı süresince algılanan zorluk derecesi (AZD) ile maksimal kalp atım hızı (MakKAH), ortalama kalp atım hızı (OrtKAH) ve iş yükü arasındaki ilişkinin analiz edilmesi ile süper lig ve 1.lig düzeyinde yönettikleri maçlar arasındaki fizyolojik parametrelerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmada 2014-2015 sezonunda Süper lig ve 1.lig de maçta görev alan 15 hakem üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hakemler birinci ve ikinci devre süresince ayrı ayrı fizyolojik olarak (maksimal kalp atımı, ortalama kalp atım değeri, algılanan zorluk derecesi (AZD), iş yükü ve toparlanma nabzı (1 dk sonra) incelenmiştir. Kalp atım değerleri polar marka saat ile kaydedilmiş ve AZD skorları Borg Scalası (20’lik değerlendirme tablosu) kullanarak belirlenmiştir. Ligler arasındaki farklılık analizi için SPSS 17.0 programında non parametric a student’s paired t-test kullanılırken, kalp atımı değerleri, iş yükü ve AZD arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek içinde Pearson korelasyon testi yapılmıştır. Üst klasman hakemlerin süper lig ile 1.lig de yönettikleri maçların fizyolojik açıdan değerlendirilmelerine bakıldığında, süper lig de oynanan maçlarda kalp atım değerlerinin 1.lige göre biraz daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir, fakat iki farklı ligde yönetilen maçlarda istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır (p<0,05). Yapılan korelasyon analizine göre ise AZD ile MakKAH, OrtKAH ve iş yükü arasında istatistiksel açıdan pozitif yönde ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuçları değerlendirdiğimizde üst klasman düzeyinde yer alan bir hakemin fiziksel açıdan iki farklı lig de maç yönetme temposu ve yeterliliği arasında fark görülmediği söylenebilir.

References

  • Bangsbo J. The physiology of soccer – with special reference to intense intermittent exercise. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 1994a, 151, suppl. 619.
  • Reilly T. Energetics of high intensity exercise (soccer) with particular reference to fatigue. Journal of Sports Sciences, 1997, 15: 257–263.
  • Reilly T, Bangsbo J, Franks A. Anthropometric and physiological predispositions for elite soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2000, 18: 669–683.
  • Krustrup P, Bangsbo J. Physiological demands of top-class soccer refereeing in relation to physical capacity: effect of intense intermittent exercise training. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2001, 19(11): 881-91.
  • Weston M, Castagna C, Impellizzeri FM, Rampinini E, Abt G. Analysis of physical match performance in English Premier League soccer referees with particular reference to first half and player work rates. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2007, 10 (6): 390-397.
  • Helsen W, Bultynck J. Physical and perceptual-cognitive demands of top-class refereeing in association football, Journal of Sports Sciences, 2004, 22:179–189.
  • Ekblom B. Applied Physiology of soccer, Sports Medicine, 1986, 3: 50-60.
  • Mohr M, Krustrup P, Bangsbo J. Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2003, 21(7): 519-28.
  • Johnston L, McNaughton L. The physiological requirements of soccer refereeing. Australian Journal of Science Medicine and Sport, 1994, 26 (3/4): 67-72.
  • Catterall C, Reilly T, Atkinson G, et al. Analysis of work rate and heart rates of association football referees. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 1993, 27: 153-6.
  • Borg G, Hassmen P, Lagerstrom M. Perceived exertion related to heart rate and blood lactate during arm and leg exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology; 1987, 56: 679-685.
  • Foster C, Florhaug JA, Fanklin J, Gottschall L, Hrovatin LA, Parker S, Doleshal P, Dodge C. A new approach to monitoring exercise training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2001, 15: 109-115.
  • Weston M, Bird SR, Helsen WF, Nevill AM, Castagna C. The effect of match standard and referee experience upon the objective and subjective match workload of English Premier League referees. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2006, 9(3): 256-262.
  • Edwards S. High Performance Training and Racing. The Heart Rate Monitor Book. Sacramento,CA: Feet Fleet Press; 1993, 113-23.
  • Borg GAV. Borg’s Rating of Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1998.
  • Weston M, Brewer J. A study of the physiological demands of soccer refeering. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2002, 20: 59-60.
  • Banister EW. Modeling elite athletic performance. Physiological Testing of Elite Athletes. Green H.J., McDougal J.D., Wenger H.A., editors. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics, 1991, 403-424.
  • Lucia A, Hoyos J, Santalla A, Earnest C, Chicharro J. Tour de France versus Vuelta Espana: Which is harder? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2003, 35: 872-878.
  • Reilly T. Fundamental studies on soccer. In Sportwissenschaft und Sportpraxis, 1986, pp 114–121.
  • Van Meerbeek R, Van Gool, Bollens J. Analysis of the refereeing decisions during the World soccer championship in 1986 in Mexico. In Science and Football, 1987.
  • Helgerud J, Engen LC, Wisloff U, Hoff J. Aerobic endurance training improves soccer performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2001, 33: 1925–1931.
  • D’Ottavio S, Castagna C. Analysis of match activities in elite soccer referees during match Play. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2001, 15(2): 167-71.
  • Kürkçü C, Uluşar Ü. Futbol Hakemlerinin maçlar sırasında fiziksel aktivite ve kalp ritmi analizi. Tıp Kongesi, 2014, Kapadokya, Türkiye.
  • D'Ottavio S, Castagna C. Physiological load imposed on elite soccer referees during actual match play. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2001, 41(1): 27-32.
  • Bangsbo J, Norregaard L, Thorsoe F. Activity profile of competetion soccer. Journal of Sports and Sciences, 1991, 16:110-116
  • Weston M, Castagna C, Impellizzeri FM, Rampinini E, Breivik S. Ageing and pyhsical match performance in English Premier League soccer referees. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2010, 13(1): 96-100.
  • Foster C. Monitoring training in athletes with special reference to overtraining syndrome. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 1998, 30 (7): 1164 – 1168.
  • Costa EC, Vieira CMA, Moreira A, Ugrinowitsch C, Castagna C, Aoki MS. Monitoring external and ınternal loads of brazilian soccer refereesduring official matches. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2013, 12(3): 559–564.
Year 2016, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 97 - 102, 20.06.2016
https://doi.org/10.17155/spd.18474

Abstract

References

  • Bangsbo J. The physiology of soccer – with special reference to intense intermittent exercise. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 1994a, 151, suppl. 619.
  • Reilly T. Energetics of high intensity exercise (soccer) with particular reference to fatigue. Journal of Sports Sciences, 1997, 15: 257–263.
  • Reilly T, Bangsbo J, Franks A. Anthropometric and physiological predispositions for elite soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2000, 18: 669–683.
  • Krustrup P, Bangsbo J. Physiological demands of top-class soccer refereeing in relation to physical capacity: effect of intense intermittent exercise training. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2001, 19(11): 881-91.
  • Weston M, Castagna C, Impellizzeri FM, Rampinini E, Abt G. Analysis of physical match performance in English Premier League soccer referees with particular reference to first half and player work rates. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2007, 10 (6): 390-397.
  • Helsen W, Bultynck J. Physical and perceptual-cognitive demands of top-class refereeing in association football, Journal of Sports Sciences, 2004, 22:179–189.
  • Ekblom B. Applied Physiology of soccer, Sports Medicine, 1986, 3: 50-60.
  • Mohr M, Krustrup P, Bangsbo J. Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2003, 21(7): 519-28.
  • Johnston L, McNaughton L. The physiological requirements of soccer refereeing. Australian Journal of Science Medicine and Sport, 1994, 26 (3/4): 67-72.
  • Catterall C, Reilly T, Atkinson G, et al. Analysis of work rate and heart rates of association football referees. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 1993, 27: 153-6.
  • Borg G, Hassmen P, Lagerstrom M. Perceived exertion related to heart rate and blood lactate during arm and leg exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology; 1987, 56: 679-685.
  • Foster C, Florhaug JA, Fanklin J, Gottschall L, Hrovatin LA, Parker S, Doleshal P, Dodge C. A new approach to monitoring exercise training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2001, 15: 109-115.
  • Weston M, Bird SR, Helsen WF, Nevill AM, Castagna C. The effect of match standard and referee experience upon the objective and subjective match workload of English Premier League referees. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2006, 9(3): 256-262.
  • Edwards S. High Performance Training and Racing. The Heart Rate Monitor Book. Sacramento,CA: Feet Fleet Press; 1993, 113-23.
  • Borg GAV. Borg’s Rating of Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1998.
  • Weston M, Brewer J. A study of the physiological demands of soccer refeering. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2002, 20: 59-60.
  • Banister EW. Modeling elite athletic performance. Physiological Testing of Elite Athletes. Green H.J., McDougal J.D., Wenger H.A., editors. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics, 1991, 403-424.
  • Lucia A, Hoyos J, Santalla A, Earnest C, Chicharro J. Tour de France versus Vuelta Espana: Which is harder? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2003, 35: 872-878.
  • Reilly T. Fundamental studies on soccer. In Sportwissenschaft und Sportpraxis, 1986, pp 114–121.
  • Van Meerbeek R, Van Gool, Bollens J. Analysis of the refereeing decisions during the World soccer championship in 1986 in Mexico. In Science and Football, 1987.
  • Helgerud J, Engen LC, Wisloff U, Hoff J. Aerobic endurance training improves soccer performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2001, 33: 1925–1931.
  • D’Ottavio S, Castagna C. Analysis of match activities in elite soccer referees during match Play. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2001, 15(2): 167-71.
  • Kürkçü C, Uluşar Ü. Futbol Hakemlerinin maçlar sırasında fiziksel aktivite ve kalp ritmi analizi. Tıp Kongesi, 2014, Kapadokya, Türkiye.
  • D'Ottavio S, Castagna C. Physiological load imposed on elite soccer referees during actual match play. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2001, 41(1): 27-32.
  • Bangsbo J, Norregaard L, Thorsoe F. Activity profile of competetion soccer. Journal of Sports and Sciences, 1991, 16:110-116
  • Weston M, Castagna C, Impellizzeri FM, Rampinini E, Breivik S. Ageing and pyhsical match performance in English Premier League soccer referees. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2010, 13(1): 96-100.
  • Foster C. Monitoring training in athletes with special reference to overtraining syndrome. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 1998, 30 (7): 1164 – 1168.
  • Costa EC, Vieira CMA, Moreira A, Ugrinowitsch C, Castagna C, Aoki MS. Monitoring external and ınternal loads of brazilian soccer refereesduring official matches. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2013, 12(3): 559–564.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Hareket ve Antrenman Bilimleri
Authors

Tuba Kızılet Bozdoğan

Ali Kızılet

Atakan Çağlayan

Kamil Erdem

Nurcan Demirel

Publication Date June 20, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kızılet Bozdoğan, T., Kızılet, A., Çağlayan, A., Erdem, K., et al. (2016). FARKLI LİG DÜZEYLERİNDEKİ MÜSABAKALARDA GÖREV YAPAN ÜST KLASMAN HAKEMLERİNİN FİZYOLOJİK AÇIDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Spor Ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 97-102. https://doi.org/10.17155/spd.18474