ABD’nin 1974 Kıbrıs Askeri Darbesindeki Rolü

Year 2019, Volume: 10 Issue: 17, 2168 - 2207, 31.03.2019

Altuğ Günal

https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.521229

Cited By: 1

Abstract

1960 Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti’nin
Cumhurbaşkanı Makarios, ülkesini Bağlantısızlar Hareketine dahil etmiş ve SSCB
başta olmak üzere Doğu Kampıyla iyi ilişkiler geliştirmiştir. Buna, NATO üyesi
Yunanistan ve Türkiye ile sorunlar yaşaması ve içeride komünist partinin
desteğini alması da eklenince, ABD yönetimleri durumdan rahatsız olmuştur. 1974
Temmuz’unda, cunta yönetimindeki Yunanistan, Kıbrıs’ta bir darbe organize etmiş
ve Makarios’u devirmiştir. Bir çok Avrupa ülkesi darbeyi kınarken ABD; yumuşak bir açıklama yapmış,
Yunanistan’a askeri yardımını kesmemiş, Makarios’u göreve döndürmek konusunda isteksiz
davranmış ve darbeyi ya da ardından gelen Türk müdahalesini
durdurmak için güç kullanmayı reddetmiştir. Bu gelişmeler, ABD’nin adayı NATO
etki alanına sokmak için darbeye ve devamında Türkiye’nin adanın %37’sini ele
geçirmesine destek vermiş olduğuna dair argümanların ortaya atılmasına neden
olmuştur. Bu çalışma ise söz konusu argümanları destekleyecek yeterli kanıtın
mevcut olmadığını savunmaktadır. ABD’nin 1960-1974 arası Kıbrıs ile ilgili
öncelikleri, adanın; Türkiye ve
Yunanistan arasında çatışma yaratmayacak ve Doğu Akdeniz’deki NATO işbirliğine
zarar vermeyecek kadar istikrarlı kalması, Doğu Bloğu ile fazla yakınlaşmaması
ve SSCB’yi soruna müdahil edecek bir fırsat yaratmaması olmuştur. ABD açısından
Makarios, bu önceliklere yönelik, ortadan kaldırılmasını gerektirecek kadar
büyük bir tehdit oluşturmamıştır. 

Keywords

ABD, Darbe, Kissinger, Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti, Makarios, Darbe

USA’s Role in 1974 Cyprus Military Coup

Abstract

Makarios, the
president of the 1960 Republic of Cyprus, had incorporated his country into the
Non-Aligned Movement and developed good relations with the East Camp, and
particularly the USSR. In addition to these, he had problems with NATO Allies
Greece and Turkey and took support from the communist party of Cyprus.
Naturally, the US administrations had been discontent with these developments.
In July 1974, Greece under junta rule, organized a coup in Cyprus and overthrew
Makarios. While many European countries condemned the coup; USA gave a soft
response, refrained from cutting its military aid to Greece, was reluctant to
reinstate Makarios and refused to use force to stop the coup or subsequent
Turkish intervention. These developments created arguments, which defended that
the United States supported the coup and Turkey’s military intervention, in
order to put Cyprus under NATO influence. However, this study defends that
there is not enough evidence to support these arguments. The priorities of the USA on Cyprus between
1960-1974 were,  ensuring the island’s
stability so that it won’t; cause a clash between Turkey and Greece, weaken the
NATO cooperation in the Eastern Mediterranean, seek alliance with Soviets and
create an opportunity for USSR to be involved in the problem. Within the
framework of these priorities, Makarios did not pose a serious threat to the US.

Keywords

Republic of Cyprus, USA, Makarios, Kissinger, Military Coup

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