Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Peer Relations in Adolescence

Year 2019, Volume: 10 Issue: 17, 1408 - 1432, 31.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.531892

Abstract

Peer relations
are one of the important social relations in adolescence. The aim of this study
is to examine the adolescent individual's peer relations with the variables of
gender, attachment to mother and father and social anxiety. The study group of
this research consists of 220 girls (61.5%) and 138 boys (38.5%) and 358 high
school students in total. The data of the study were collected by the Peer Relations
Scale, the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), the Social Anxiety
Scale for the Adolescents and the Demographic Information Form. In this
descriptive study, hierarchical regression analysis, which is one of the
multiple regression methods, was used to determine the predictors of peer
relations. At the same time, a t-test was conducted on independent samples to
determine whether high school students' peer relations differed by gender.
According to the results of hierarchical regression analysis; gender and
attachment to father meaningfully predict peer relations; attachment to mother
and social anxiety do not meaningfully predict 
peer relations. Besides, peer relations differ significantly by gender.
These findings of the research were discussed in the light of the literature
and suggestions are presented.

References

  • Acquah, E. O., Topalli, P. Z., Wilson, M. L., Junttila, N., & Niemi, P. M. (2016). Adolescent loneliness and social anxiety as predictors of bullying victimisation. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 21(3), 320-331.
  • Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1989). Attachments beyond infancy. American Psychologist, 44, 709-716.
  • Allen, J., Porter, M., McFarland, C., Marsh, P., & McElhaney, K. ( 2005 ). The two faces of adolescents’ success with peers: Adolescent popularity, social adaptation, and deviant behavior. Child Development, 76(3), 747 – 760.
  • Allen, J.P., & Land, D. (1999). Attachment in adolescence. In J. Cassidy & P.R. Shaver (Eds.). Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 319–335). New York: Guilford.
  • Al-Yagon, M. (2011). Adolescents’ subtypes of attachment security with fathers and mothers and self-perceptions of socioemotional adjustment. Psychology, 2(4), 291-299.
  • Baytemir, K. (2016). The mediation of interpersonal competence in the relationship between parent and peer attachment and subjective well-being in adolescence. Eğitim ve Bilim, 41(186), 69-91.
  • Beidel, D. C., Morris, T. L. & Turner, M. W. (2004). Social phobia. J. S. March & T. L. Morris (Ed.). In Anxiety in children and adolescents (pp. 141-164). New York: Guilford Publications.
  • Benenson, J. F. & Christakos, A. (2003). The greater fragility of females' versus males' closest same-sex friendships. Child Development, 74, 1123–1129.
  • Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss. Vol. 2: Separation: Anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books.
  • Bretherton, I., Lambert, J. D., & Golby, B. (2005). Involved fathers of preschool children as seen by themselves and their wives: Accounts of attachment, socialization, and companionship. Attachment & Human Development, 7, 229–251.
  • Brown, B. B. (1990). Peer groups and peer cultures. In S. S. Feldman & G. R. Elliott (Eds.). At the threshold: The developing adolescent. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Brown, B. B., & Klute, C. (2003). Friendships, cliques, and crowds. In G. R. Adams, & M. D. Berzonsky (Eds.). Blackwell handbook of adolescence (pp. 330–348). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Bukowski, W. M., Hoza, B., & Boivin, M. (1994). Measuring friendship quality during pre and early adolescence: The development and psychometric properties of the Friendship Qualities Scale. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 11, 471-84.
  • Demirli, A. (2007). The role of gender, attachment dimensions, and family environment in loneliness (Unpublished master thesis). School of Social Sciences of Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
  • Döğücü, F. 2004. Tosya ilçesinde farklı liselerde öğrenim gören ergenlerin arkadaş ilişkilerinin incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara: Gazi Üniversitesi.
  • Durmuşoğlu, N., & Doğru, S. 2006. Çocukluk örseleyici yaşantılarının ergenlikteki yakın ilişkilerde bireye etkisinin incelenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15, 237-246.
  • Fine, G. A., Mortimer, J. T., & Roberts, D. T. (1990). Leisure, work, and the mass media. In S. S. Feldman, & G. R. Elliott (Eds.), At the threshold: The developing adolescent. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  • Furman, W. E., Simon, V. A., Shaffer, L., & Bouchey, H. A. (2002). Adolescents’ working models and styles for relationships with parents, friends, and romantic partners. Child Development, 73, 241–255.
  • Gentzler, A., Ramsey, M., Yuen, Y. C., Palmer, C., & Morey, J. (2014). Young adolescents’ emotional and regulatory responses to positive life events: Investigating temperament, attachment, and event characteristics. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 9, 108–121.
  • Gustafsson, P. E., Janlert, U., Theorell, T., Westerlund, H. & Hammarstro, A. (2012). Do peer relations in adolescence ınfluence health in adulthood? Peer problems in the school setting and the metabolic syndrome in middle-age. Plos One, 7(6), e39385.
  • Günaydın, B. & Yöndem, Z. D. (2007). Investigation of peer dependence in terms of some variables in adolescents. Abant İzzet Baysal University Journal of Education Faculty, 7 (1), 141-153.
  • Haliloglu, S. (2008). Investigation of the relationships among loneliness levels, attachment styles, and dysfunctional beliefs of adolescents (Sample of Malatya) (Unpublished masters thesis). Inönü University, Malatya.
  • Hartup, W.W. & Stevens, N. (1997). Friendships and adaptation in the life course. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 355–370.
  • Hill, J. P. & Lynch, M. E. (1983). The intensification of gender-related role expectations during early adolescence. In J. Brooks-Gunn & A. C. Peterson (Eds.). Girls at puberty (pp. 201–228). New York, NY: Springer Science.
  • Hortaçsu, N. (2003). İnsan ilişkileri. Ankara: İmge Kitapevi.
  • Karakuş, Ö. (2012). Relation between attachment and loneliness in adolescence. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 23 (2), 33-46.
  • Kerns, K. A. (1994). A developmental model of the relations between mother-child attachment and friendship. In R. Erber & R. Gilmour (Eds.). Theoretical frameworks for personal relationship (pp. 129-156). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Kerns, K. A., Contreras, J. M. & Neal-Barnett, A. M. (2000). Family and peers: Linking two social worlds. Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • Kulaksızoğlu, A. 2000. Ergenlik psikolojisi. İstanbul: Remzi Kitapevi.
  • Laible, D., Carlo, G. & Raffaelli, M. (2000). The differential relations of parent and peer attachment to adolescent adjustment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29, 45–59.
  • Lieberman, M., Doyle, A. B. & Markiewicz, D. (1999). Developmental patterns in security of attachment to mother and father in late childhood and early adolescence: Associations with peer relations. Child Development, 70(1), 202-213.
  • Lin, M. J. (1998). Attachment to parents and peers: Impact on adolescents psychosocial adjustment and interpersonal relationship in Taiwan (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Northern Colorado, Colorado. Maccoby, E. E. (1998). The two sexes: Growing up apart, coming together. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Markiewicz, D., Doyle, A. B. & Brendgen, M. (2001). The quality of adolescents’ friendships: Associations with mothers’ interpersonal relationships, attachments to parents and friends, and prosocial behaviors. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 429–445.
  • Moretti, M. M. & Peled, M. (2004). Adolescent-parent attachment: Bonds that support healthy development. Paediatr Child Health, 9(8), 551-554.
  • Nawaz, S. (2011). The relationships of parental and peer attachment bonds with the identity development during adolescence. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 5, 104–119.
  • Nickerson, A. B. & Nagle, R. J. (2005). Parent and peer attachment in late childhood and early adolescence. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 25(2), 223-249.
  • Oldfield, J., Humphrey, N. & Hebron, J. (2016). The role of parental and peer attachment relationships and school connectedness in predicting adolescent mental health outcomes. Child Adolescence Mental Health, 21, 21–29.
  • Öztürk, M., Sayar, K., Uğurad, I. & Tüzün, Ü. (2005). The prevalence of social phobia in mothers of social phobic children. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni, 15, 60-64.
  • Parke, R. D. & Burielm, R. (2006). Socialization in the family: Ethnic and ecological perspectives. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Series Eds.), & N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology, Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (6th ed., pp. 429-504). New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Preveaux, N., Ray, G., Lobello, S. & Mehta, S. (2004). Peer relationships among institutionalized juvenile boys. Journal of Adolescent Research, 19(3), 284-302.
  • Rao, P. A., Beidel, D. C., Turner, S.M., Ammerman, R. T., Crosby, L.E. & Sallee, F. R. (2007). Social anxietry disorder in childhood and adolescence: Descriptive psychopathology. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 1181-1191.
  • Reich, S. M. & Vandell, D. L. (2010). The interplay between parents and peers as socializing influences in children's development. In The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Social Development, Second Edition (Eds P. K. Smith & C. H. Hart). Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
  • Rose, A. J. (2002). Corumination in the friendships of girls and boys. Child Development, 73, 1830–1843.
  • Rose, A. J., Carlson, W. & Waller, E. M. (2007). Prospective association of corumination with friendship and emotional adjustment: Considering the socioemotional trade-offs of co-rumination. Development Psychology, 43, 1019– 1031.
  • Rubin, K. H., Bukowski, W. M. & Parker, J. G. (2006). Peer interactions, relations, and groups. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), W. Damon, & R. Lerner (Series Ed.). Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional and personality development (pp. 571–645). New York: Wiley.
  • Sandhu, R. (2014). Father attachment predicts adolescent girls' social and emotional development (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Antioch University, Seattle.
  • Sroufe, L. A. (1983). Infant-caregiver attachment and patterns of adaptation in preschool: The roots of maladaptation and competence. In M. Perlmutter (Ed.). Minnesota Symposium in Child Psychology, 16, 41-91. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Sroufe, L.A. & Fleeson, J. (1986). Attachment and the construction of relations. In W.W. Hartup & Z. Rubin (Eds.). Relations and development. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Steele H. & Steele M. (2005). The construct of coherence as an indicator of attachment security in middle childhood: The friends and family interview. In: Kerns K, Richardson R, editors. Attachment in middle childhood. New York, NY: Guilford Press, pp. 137–160.
  • Suess, G. J., Grossmann, K. E. & Sroufe, L. A. (1992). Effects of infant attachment to mother and father on quality of adaptation in preschool: From dyadic to individual organisation of self. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 15, 43–65.
  • Sukys, S., Lisinskiene, A. & Tilindiene, I. (2015). Adolescents’ participation in sport activities and attachment to parents and peers. Social Behavior and Personality, 43(9), 1507–1518.
  • Şimşek, D. (2010). The investigation of the peer relations, social support perception and life satisfaction onto the 8th grade students that stay in regional boarding primary education school and with their families. (Unpublishes masters thesis). Çukurova University, Adana.
  • Tillfors, M., Persson, S., Willén, M. & Burk, W. J. (2012). Prospective links between social anxiety and adolescent peer relations. Journal of Adolescence, 35(5), 1255-1263.
  • Underwood, M.K. & Rosen, L. H. (2009). Gender, peer relations, and challenges for girlfriends and boyfriends coming together in adolescence. Psychology Women Quarterly, 33(1), 16, 1-7.
  • Yücel, N. (2009). A study on the effect of the internet use at home on the peer relations and the loneliness level of the adolescents (Unpublished masters thesis). Ankara University, Ankara.

Ergenlerde Akran İlişkileri

Year 2019, Volume: 10 Issue: 17, 1408 - 1432, 31.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.531892

Abstract

Akran
ilişkileri ergenlik döneminin önemli sosyal bağlarından biridir. Bu çalışmanın
amacı ergenlik dönemindeki bireyin akran ilişkilerini cinsiyet, anneye ve
babaya bağlanma ve sosyal kaygı değişkenleri ile birlikte incelemektir. Bu
araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 220’si (% 61,5) kadın ve 138’si (% 38,5) erkek
olmak üzere toplam 358 lise öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır.  Çalışmanın verileri, Akran İlişkileri Ölçeği,
Ebeveyne Bağlanma Envanteri Kısa Formu, Ergenler için Sosyal Kaygı Ölçeği ve
Demografik Bilgi Formu ile toplanmıştır. Betimsel nitelikte olan bu çalışmada,
akran ilişkilerinin yordayıcılarını belirlemek amacıyla çoklu regresyon
yöntemlerinden aşamalı çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Aynı zamanda,
ergenlerde akran ilişkilerinin cinsiyete göre fark gösterip göstermediğini
belirlemek için bağımsız örneklemler için t testi yapılmıştır. Aşamalı çoklu
regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre; cinsiyet ve babaya bağlanma akran
ilişkilerini anlamlı olarak yordarken; anneye bağlanma ve sosyal kaygı arkadaş
ilişkilerini anlamlı olarak yordamamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, akran ilişkileri
cinsiyete göre anlamlı fark göstermektedir. Araştırmanın bu bulguları ilgili
alan yazın ışığında tartışılmış ve öneriler sunulmuştur. 

References

  • Acquah, E. O., Topalli, P. Z., Wilson, M. L., Junttila, N., & Niemi, P. M. (2016). Adolescent loneliness and social anxiety as predictors of bullying victimisation. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 21(3), 320-331.
  • Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1989). Attachments beyond infancy. American Psychologist, 44, 709-716.
  • Allen, J., Porter, M., McFarland, C., Marsh, P., & McElhaney, K. ( 2005 ). The two faces of adolescents’ success with peers: Adolescent popularity, social adaptation, and deviant behavior. Child Development, 76(3), 747 – 760.
  • Allen, J.P., & Land, D. (1999). Attachment in adolescence. In J. Cassidy & P.R. Shaver (Eds.). Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 319–335). New York: Guilford.
  • Al-Yagon, M. (2011). Adolescents’ subtypes of attachment security with fathers and mothers and self-perceptions of socioemotional adjustment. Psychology, 2(4), 291-299.
  • Baytemir, K. (2016). The mediation of interpersonal competence in the relationship between parent and peer attachment and subjective well-being in adolescence. Eğitim ve Bilim, 41(186), 69-91.
  • Beidel, D. C., Morris, T. L. & Turner, M. W. (2004). Social phobia. J. S. March & T. L. Morris (Ed.). In Anxiety in children and adolescents (pp. 141-164). New York: Guilford Publications.
  • Benenson, J. F. & Christakos, A. (2003). The greater fragility of females' versus males' closest same-sex friendships. Child Development, 74, 1123–1129.
  • Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss. Vol. 2: Separation: Anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books.
  • Bretherton, I., Lambert, J. D., & Golby, B. (2005). Involved fathers of preschool children as seen by themselves and their wives: Accounts of attachment, socialization, and companionship. Attachment & Human Development, 7, 229–251.
  • Brown, B. B. (1990). Peer groups and peer cultures. In S. S. Feldman & G. R. Elliott (Eds.). At the threshold: The developing adolescent. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Brown, B. B., & Klute, C. (2003). Friendships, cliques, and crowds. In G. R. Adams, & M. D. Berzonsky (Eds.). Blackwell handbook of adolescence (pp. 330–348). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Bukowski, W. M., Hoza, B., & Boivin, M. (1994). Measuring friendship quality during pre and early adolescence: The development and psychometric properties of the Friendship Qualities Scale. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 11, 471-84.
  • Demirli, A. (2007). The role of gender, attachment dimensions, and family environment in loneliness (Unpublished master thesis). School of Social Sciences of Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
  • Döğücü, F. 2004. Tosya ilçesinde farklı liselerde öğrenim gören ergenlerin arkadaş ilişkilerinin incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara: Gazi Üniversitesi.
  • Durmuşoğlu, N., & Doğru, S. 2006. Çocukluk örseleyici yaşantılarının ergenlikteki yakın ilişkilerde bireye etkisinin incelenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15, 237-246.
  • Fine, G. A., Mortimer, J. T., & Roberts, D. T. (1990). Leisure, work, and the mass media. In S. S. Feldman, & G. R. Elliott (Eds.), At the threshold: The developing adolescent. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  • Furman, W. E., Simon, V. A., Shaffer, L., & Bouchey, H. A. (2002). Adolescents’ working models and styles for relationships with parents, friends, and romantic partners. Child Development, 73, 241–255.
  • Gentzler, A., Ramsey, M., Yuen, Y. C., Palmer, C., & Morey, J. (2014). Young adolescents’ emotional and regulatory responses to positive life events: Investigating temperament, attachment, and event characteristics. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 9, 108–121.
  • Gustafsson, P. E., Janlert, U., Theorell, T., Westerlund, H. & Hammarstro, A. (2012). Do peer relations in adolescence ınfluence health in adulthood? Peer problems in the school setting and the metabolic syndrome in middle-age. Plos One, 7(6), e39385.
  • Günaydın, B. & Yöndem, Z. D. (2007). Investigation of peer dependence in terms of some variables in adolescents. Abant İzzet Baysal University Journal of Education Faculty, 7 (1), 141-153.
  • Haliloglu, S. (2008). Investigation of the relationships among loneliness levels, attachment styles, and dysfunctional beliefs of adolescents (Sample of Malatya) (Unpublished masters thesis). Inönü University, Malatya.
  • Hartup, W.W. & Stevens, N. (1997). Friendships and adaptation in the life course. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 355–370.
  • Hill, J. P. & Lynch, M. E. (1983). The intensification of gender-related role expectations during early adolescence. In J. Brooks-Gunn & A. C. Peterson (Eds.). Girls at puberty (pp. 201–228). New York, NY: Springer Science.
  • Hortaçsu, N. (2003). İnsan ilişkileri. Ankara: İmge Kitapevi.
  • Karakuş, Ö. (2012). Relation between attachment and loneliness in adolescence. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 23 (2), 33-46.
  • Kerns, K. A. (1994). A developmental model of the relations between mother-child attachment and friendship. In R. Erber & R. Gilmour (Eds.). Theoretical frameworks for personal relationship (pp. 129-156). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Kerns, K. A., Contreras, J. M. & Neal-Barnett, A. M. (2000). Family and peers: Linking two social worlds. Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • Kulaksızoğlu, A. 2000. Ergenlik psikolojisi. İstanbul: Remzi Kitapevi.
  • Laible, D., Carlo, G. & Raffaelli, M. (2000). The differential relations of parent and peer attachment to adolescent adjustment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29, 45–59.
  • Lieberman, M., Doyle, A. B. & Markiewicz, D. (1999). Developmental patterns in security of attachment to mother and father in late childhood and early adolescence: Associations with peer relations. Child Development, 70(1), 202-213.
  • Lin, M. J. (1998). Attachment to parents and peers: Impact on adolescents psychosocial adjustment and interpersonal relationship in Taiwan (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Northern Colorado, Colorado. Maccoby, E. E. (1998). The two sexes: Growing up apart, coming together. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Markiewicz, D., Doyle, A. B. & Brendgen, M. (2001). The quality of adolescents’ friendships: Associations with mothers’ interpersonal relationships, attachments to parents and friends, and prosocial behaviors. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 429–445.
  • Moretti, M. M. & Peled, M. (2004). Adolescent-parent attachment: Bonds that support healthy development. Paediatr Child Health, 9(8), 551-554.
  • Nawaz, S. (2011). The relationships of parental and peer attachment bonds with the identity development during adolescence. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 5, 104–119.
  • Nickerson, A. B. & Nagle, R. J. (2005). Parent and peer attachment in late childhood and early adolescence. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 25(2), 223-249.
  • Oldfield, J., Humphrey, N. & Hebron, J. (2016). The role of parental and peer attachment relationships and school connectedness in predicting adolescent mental health outcomes. Child Adolescence Mental Health, 21, 21–29.
  • Öztürk, M., Sayar, K., Uğurad, I. & Tüzün, Ü. (2005). The prevalence of social phobia in mothers of social phobic children. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni, 15, 60-64.
  • Parke, R. D. & Burielm, R. (2006). Socialization in the family: Ethnic and ecological perspectives. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Series Eds.), & N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology, Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (6th ed., pp. 429-504). New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Preveaux, N., Ray, G., Lobello, S. & Mehta, S. (2004). Peer relationships among institutionalized juvenile boys. Journal of Adolescent Research, 19(3), 284-302.
  • Rao, P. A., Beidel, D. C., Turner, S.M., Ammerman, R. T., Crosby, L.E. & Sallee, F. R. (2007). Social anxietry disorder in childhood and adolescence: Descriptive psychopathology. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 1181-1191.
  • Reich, S. M. & Vandell, D. L. (2010). The interplay between parents and peers as socializing influences in children's development. In The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Social Development, Second Edition (Eds P. K. Smith & C. H. Hart). Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
  • Rose, A. J. (2002). Corumination in the friendships of girls and boys. Child Development, 73, 1830–1843.
  • Rose, A. J., Carlson, W. & Waller, E. M. (2007). Prospective association of corumination with friendship and emotional adjustment: Considering the socioemotional trade-offs of co-rumination. Development Psychology, 43, 1019– 1031.
  • Rubin, K. H., Bukowski, W. M. & Parker, J. G. (2006). Peer interactions, relations, and groups. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), W. Damon, & R. Lerner (Series Ed.). Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional and personality development (pp. 571–645). New York: Wiley.
  • Sandhu, R. (2014). Father attachment predicts adolescent girls' social and emotional development (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Antioch University, Seattle.
  • Sroufe, L. A. (1983). Infant-caregiver attachment and patterns of adaptation in preschool: The roots of maladaptation and competence. In M. Perlmutter (Ed.). Minnesota Symposium in Child Psychology, 16, 41-91. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Sroufe, L.A. & Fleeson, J. (1986). Attachment and the construction of relations. In W.W. Hartup & Z. Rubin (Eds.). Relations and development. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Steele H. & Steele M. (2005). The construct of coherence as an indicator of attachment security in middle childhood: The friends and family interview. In: Kerns K, Richardson R, editors. Attachment in middle childhood. New York, NY: Guilford Press, pp. 137–160.
  • Suess, G. J., Grossmann, K. E. & Sroufe, L. A. (1992). Effects of infant attachment to mother and father on quality of adaptation in preschool: From dyadic to individual organisation of self. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 15, 43–65.
  • Sukys, S., Lisinskiene, A. & Tilindiene, I. (2015). Adolescents’ participation in sport activities and attachment to parents and peers. Social Behavior and Personality, 43(9), 1507–1518.
  • Şimşek, D. (2010). The investigation of the peer relations, social support perception and life satisfaction onto the 8th grade students that stay in regional boarding primary education school and with their families. (Unpublishes masters thesis). Çukurova University, Adana.
  • Tillfors, M., Persson, S., Willén, M. & Burk, W. J. (2012). Prospective links between social anxiety and adolescent peer relations. Journal of Adolescence, 35(5), 1255-1263.
  • Underwood, M.K. & Rosen, L. H. (2009). Gender, peer relations, and challenges for girlfriends and boyfriends coming together in adolescence. Psychology Women Quarterly, 33(1), 16, 1-7.
  • Yücel, N. (2009). A study on the effect of the internet use at home on the peer relations and the loneliness level of the adolescents (Unpublished masters thesis). Ankara University, Ankara.
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Seval Kızıldağ 0000-0002-3357-7186

Publication Date March 31, 2019
Acceptance Date March 17, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 10 Issue: 17

Cite

APA Kızıldağ, S. (2019). Peer Relations in Adolescence. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 10(17), 1408-1432. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.531892