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Israel's Approach to The Arab Spring and Its Position Towards the Syria Civil War

Year 2021, Volume: 17 Issue: 38, 5657 - 5685, 15.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.826966

Abstract

Although the Arab Spring events began as a simple social movement over the years it transformed the region into chaos. Civil war broke out in Syria and destabilized the country. Thus, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict which has been the most important problem of the Middle East for years has disappeared from the agenda. Hence Israel has no longer seen as the state dragging the Middle East into turmoil. The complexity that occurred after the Arab Spring has once again brought the region to the agenda of international politics. Israel has seen these developments dangerous since the beginning of the Arab Spring events and she did not believe that these countries would turn into democracy. While events in Syria gradually drifted towards civil war, Israel continued to calculate its national interests. In this study, first of all how Israel interprets the events of the Arab Spring in general will be discussed, and then, how it is positioned against the events in Syria will be revealed. In this research, it was concluded that Israel followed a wait-and-see policy in Syria over the years and when the war spread to the Golan Heights, it gave up from this policy step by step and adopted an active attitude. Israel is struggling not to lose the Golan Heights to Syria. When Iran and Hezbollah were added to the equation in Syria, Israel started to show that it will not allow Syria to be under Iranian control by making point-by-point military operations. The goal of Israel in the Syrian Civil War was to keep President Assad in office, to keep the Golan Heights and to prevent Iran from acquiring a military base in Syria.

References

  • Abdulmecid, M.. (2020). İran Genelkurmay Başkanı’nın Suriye Ziyareti. İran Araştırmaları Merkezi. 03 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://iramcenter.org/iran-genelkurmay-baskaninin-suriye-ziyareti/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Ahronheim, A. (2018). IDF: Israel Will not open borders to Syrians, humanitarian aid to continue. The Jerusalem Post, 20 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/idf-israel-will-not-open-borders-to-syrians-humanitarian-aid-to-continue-561176 adresinden erişildi.
  • Ahronheim, A., Frantzman, S. J., Jaffe-Hoffman, M. (2019). IDF Destroys Iranian Weapons, Military Sites in Predawn Attack on Syria, The Jerusalem Post, 3 Ekim 2020 tarihinde https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/report-idf-is-attacking-iranian-targets-in-syria-578087, adresinde erişildi.
  • Anadolu Ajansı. (2015). Israel prefers ‘devil we know’ in Syria: Analysts. 30 Ekim 2020 tarihinde https://www.aa.com.tr/en/analysis-news/israel-prefers-devil-we-know-in-syria-analysts/490981 adresinden erişildi.
  • Aran, A. ve Fleischmann, L.. (2019). Framing and Foreign Policy-Israel’s Response to the Arab Uprisings. International Studies Review 21(4), 614–39. doi: 10.1093/isr/viy055.
  • Azoulay, M. (2013). The Devil We Know Revisited: Israeli Thinking on the Future of the Assad Regime. The Institute for National Security Studies (INSS) Insights (427). 15 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/series.html/136092 adresinden erişildi.
  • Bachner, M. (2018). Israeli Communities Collect Toys, Candy, Clothes for Syrian Refugees”, The Times of Israel, 21 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://www.timesofisrael.com/israeli-communities-collect-toys-candy-clothes-for-syrian-refugees/ adresindene erişildi.
  • Balmer, C. (2012). “Israel Hits Syrian Artillery That Fired on Golan”. Reuters. 25 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://in.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-golan-tank/israel-hits-syrian-artillery-that-fired-on-golan-idUSBRE8AB12N20121112 adresinden erişildi.
  • Barak, R. (2011). Netanyahu: Arab Spring Pushing Mideast Backward, Not Forward. Haaretz. 01 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://www.haaretz.com-/1.5212736 adresinden erişildi.
  • BBC News. (2013). Esad’dan İsrail’e Hava Saldırısı ve Golan Uyarısı. 29 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-/2013/05/130531_esad_almanar adresinden erişildi.
  • Boyraz, T. A. (2019). İşgal Altındaki Golan Tepeleri İsrail İçin Neden Önemli?, Anadolu Ajansı. 22 Eylül 2019 tarihinde https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/isgal-altindaki-golan-tepeleri-israil-icin-neden-onemli/1425457 adresinden erişildi.
  • Byman, D. (2011). Israel’s pessimistic view of the Arab spring. Washington Quarterly 34(3), 123–36. doi: 10.1080/0163660X.2011.588139.
  • Chubin, S. (2012). Iran and the Arab Spring: Ascendancy Frustrated. Gulf Research Center Gulf Papers. Craggs Mersinoglu, Y. (2019). Israel in the Golan Heights-a Timeline. Financial Times. 25 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://www.ft.com/-content/8b1a72c2-4c8e-11e9-8b7f-d49067e0f50d adresinden erişildi.
  • Fırat, E. (2019). İsrail Genelkurmay Eizenkot: Suriye ve başka ülkelerde binlerce hedefe saldırı düzenledik. Anadolu Ajansı. 02 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/israil-genelkurmay-eizenkot-suriye-ve-baska-ulkelerde-binlerce-hedefe-saldiri-duzenledik/1363157 adresinden erişildi.
  • Ghassani, O. (2018). Israel Bombs Iranian Weapons-Loaded Aircraft in Syria, Anadolu Ajansı, 13 Ekim 2020 tarihinde https://www.aa.com.tr/en-/middle-east/israel-bombs-iranian-weapons-loaded-aircraft-in-syria/1255914 adresinden erişildi.
  • Gross, J. A. (2019). IDF Chief Finally Acknowledges That Israel Supplied Weapons To Syrian Rebels. The Times of Israel. 05 Ekim 2020 tarihinde https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-chief-acknowledges-long-claimed-weapons-supply-to-syrian-rebels/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Hexel, R. (2011). Brilliant Rhetoric devoid of Political Substance Netanyahu’s Speech on Capitol Hill. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Policy Paper,. 25 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/08180.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Israel Defence Forces. (2017). Operation Good Neighbours. 20 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://www.idf.il/en/minisites/operation-good-neighbor-/operation-good-neighbor-inside-the-idf-s-effort-to-provide-aid-to-syria adresinden erişildi.
  • Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2011). PM Netanyahu Addresses the Knesset: The Situation in Egypt. 24 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde https://mfa.gov.il/mfa/pressroom/2011/pages/pm_netanyahu_addresses_knesset_situation_egypt_2-feb-2011.aspx adresinden erişildi.
  • Jaspal, R. (y.y.). Representing the Arab Spring in the Iranian Press: Islamic Awakening or Foreign-Sponsored Terror? Politics, Groups, and Identities 2(3), 422–42. doi: 10.1080/21565503.2014.925814.
  • Jones, R. (2017). Israel Gives Secret Aid to Syrian Rebels. The Wall Street Journal. 01 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.wsj.com/articles/israel-gives-secret-aid-to-syrian-rebels-1497813430 adresinden erişildi. Katz, Y. (2011). For All His Faults, Assad is The Devil We Know. Jerusalem Post. 16 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/for-all-his-faults-assad-is-the-devil-we-know, adresinden erişildi.
  • Levy, D. (2019). Israel Just Admitted Arming anti-Assad Syrian Rebels. Big Mistake. Haaretz. 02 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.haaretz-.com/israel-news/.premium-israel-just-admitted-arming-anti-assad-syrian-rebels-big-mistake-1.6894850 adresinden erişildi.
  • Office of Supreme Leader. (2012). Supreme Leader’s Message Condemning Anti-Islam Film. 01 Mayıs 2019 tarihinde https://www.leader.ir/en/-content/9842/Supreme-Leader’s-Message-Condemning-Anti-Islam-Film adresinden erişildi.
  • Paton, C. (2017). Israeli Strike Hits Iranian Arms Depot Near Damascus Airport, Newsweek, 3 Ekim 2020 tarihinde https://www.newsweek-.com/israeli-strike-hits-iranian-arms-depot-near-damascus-airport-causing-huge-590607 adresinden erişildi.
  • Pfeffer, A. (2019). Smash the bases, spare the men-Israel’s invisible war in Syria. The Times. 03 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.thetimes.co.-uk/article/pummel-the-bases-miss-the-men-israel-s-invisible-war-in-syria-xpnl6khr8 adresinden erişildi.
  • Ravid, B. (2017). Israel Struck Hezbollah Targets in Syria Dozens of Times, Netanyahu Reveals in Hot-mic Remarks. Haaretz. 30 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/netanyahu-israel-struck-hezbollah-targets-in-syria-dozens-of-times-1.5431227 adresinden erişildi.
  • Sherwood, H.. (2011). Binyamin Netanyahu attacks Arab Spring Uprisings. The Guardian. Tarihinde 05 Eylül 2020 (https://www.theguar-dian.com/world/2011/nov/24/israel-netanyahu-attacks-arab-spring).
  • Sherwood, H. (2012). Israel Fires Into Syria for Second Day. The Guardian. 24 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://www.theguardian.com/world-/2012/nov/12/israel-fires-syria-second-day adresinden erişildi.
  • Tahhan, Z. (2017). Why does Israel keep attacking Syria? Al Jazeera. 30 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/10/23/why-does-israel-keep-attacking-syria adresinden erişildi.
  • The White House. (2011). Remarks by the President on the Middle East and North Africa. 25 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde https://obamawhitehouse-.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/05/19/remarks-president-middle-east-and-north-africa adresinden erişildi.
  • Tsurkov, E. (2018). Inside Israel’s Secret Program to Back Syrian Rebels. Foreign Policy. 01 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://foreignpolicy.com/-2018/09/06/in-secret-program-israel-armed-and-funded-rebel-groups-in-southern-syria/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Tür, Ö. (2015). Israel and the Syrian Crisis: Between Keeping the Status Quo and Demanding Change. Ekonomi İşletme Siyaset ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 1(1), 85–103.
  • United Nations Disengagement Observer Force. (y.y.). Background. 23 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://undof.unmissions.org/background adresinden erişildi.
  • Winer, S. (2013). Syria Says it Captured Israeli Weapons From Rebels. Times of Israel. 02 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.timesofisrael.com/-syria-says-it-captured-israeli-weapons-from-rebels/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Yacoubian, M. (2020). Syria Timeline: Since the Uprising Against Assad. United States Instutute of Peace. 01 Ekim 2020 tarihinde https://www.usip.org/publications/2020/07/syria-timeline-uprising-against-assad adresinden erişildi.
  • Zacharia, J. (y.y.) Israel Wary of Transition in Egypt, Concerned About Regional Stability. The Washington Post. 30 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/israelworries-about-peace-amid-regional-tumult/2011/02/01/ABZtFbE_story.html adresinden erişildi.
  • y.a.y. (2011). Barack Obama Joint Remarks to the Press Following Bilateral Meeting. 30 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde https://www.americanrhetoric-.com/speeches/PDFFiles/Barack Obama and Benyamin Netanyahu Joint Remarks.pdf adresinden erişildi.

İsrail’in Arap Baharı’na Yaklaşımı ve Suriye İç Savaşı’na Yönelik Pozisyonu

Year 2021, Volume: 17 Issue: 38, 5657 - 5685, 15.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.826966

Abstract

Arap Baharı olayları basit bir halk hareketi olarak başlamasına rağmen yıllar geçtikçe bölgeyi kaosa sürüklemiştir. Suriye’de bir iç savaş çıkıp ülkeyi istikrarsızlaştırmıştır. Böylelikle yıllardır Ortadoğu’nun en önemli sorunu olan Filistin-İsrail çatışması bile gündemden düşmüştür. Artık Ortadoğu’yu karışıklığa sürükleyen devlet İsrail olarak görülmemektedir. Arap Baharı sonrası oluşan karmaşa bölgeyi bir kez daha uluslararası siyasetin gündemine taşımıştır. İsrail Arap Baharı olaylarının başından itibaren bu gelişmeleri tehlikeli olarak görmüştür ve bu ülkelerin demokrasiye dönüşeceğine inanmamıştır. Suriye’de olaylar adım adım iç savaşa doğru sürüklenirken de İsrail ulusal çıkarlarını hesaplamaya devam etmiştir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle İsrail’in genel olarak Arap Baharı olaylarını nasıl yorumladığı ele alınmış, sonrasında ise Suriye’deki olaylara karşı nasıl bir pozisyon aldığı ortaya konulmuştur. Yapılan araştırmada İsrail’in Suriye’de yıllar içerisinde önceleri bekle-gör siyaseti izlediği ve savaş Golan Tepelerine sıçrayınca bu politikadan adım adım vazgeçerek, aktif bir tutum benimsediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. İsrail, Golan Tepelerini Suriye’ye kaptırmamak için mücadele vermektedir. Suriye’de denkleme bir de İran ve Hizbullah eklenince İsrail, Suriye’nin İran kontrolüne geçmesine müsaade etmeyeceğini nokta atışı askeri operasyonlar yaparak göstermeye başlamıştır. İsrail’in Suriye İç Savaşı’ndaki hedefi Cumhurbaşkanı Esad’ın görevde kalmasını sağlamak, Golan Tepelerini elde tutmaya devam etmek ve İran’ın Suriye’de askeri üs edinmesini engellemek olarak şekillenmiştir.

References

  • Abdulmecid, M.. (2020). İran Genelkurmay Başkanı’nın Suriye Ziyareti. İran Araştırmaları Merkezi. 03 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://iramcenter.org/iran-genelkurmay-baskaninin-suriye-ziyareti/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Ahronheim, A. (2018). IDF: Israel Will not open borders to Syrians, humanitarian aid to continue. The Jerusalem Post, 20 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/idf-israel-will-not-open-borders-to-syrians-humanitarian-aid-to-continue-561176 adresinden erişildi.
  • Ahronheim, A., Frantzman, S. J., Jaffe-Hoffman, M. (2019). IDF Destroys Iranian Weapons, Military Sites in Predawn Attack on Syria, The Jerusalem Post, 3 Ekim 2020 tarihinde https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/report-idf-is-attacking-iranian-targets-in-syria-578087, adresinde erişildi.
  • Anadolu Ajansı. (2015). Israel prefers ‘devil we know’ in Syria: Analysts. 30 Ekim 2020 tarihinde https://www.aa.com.tr/en/analysis-news/israel-prefers-devil-we-know-in-syria-analysts/490981 adresinden erişildi.
  • Aran, A. ve Fleischmann, L.. (2019). Framing and Foreign Policy-Israel’s Response to the Arab Uprisings. International Studies Review 21(4), 614–39. doi: 10.1093/isr/viy055.
  • Azoulay, M. (2013). The Devil We Know Revisited: Israeli Thinking on the Future of the Assad Regime. The Institute for National Security Studies (INSS) Insights (427). 15 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/series.html/136092 adresinden erişildi.
  • Bachner, M. (2018). Israeli Communities Collect Toys, Candy, Clothes for Syrian Refugees”, The Times of Israel, 21 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://www.timesofisrael.com/israeli-communities-collect-toys-candy-clothes-for-syrian-refugees/ adresindene erişildi.
  • Balmer, C. (2012). “Israel Hits Syrian Artillery That Fired on Golan”. Reuters. 25 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://in.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-golan-tank/israel-hits-syrian-artillery-that-fired-on-golan-idUSBRE8AB12N20121112 adresinden erişildi.
  • Barak, R. (2011). Netanyahu: Arab Spring Pushing Mideast Backward, Not Forward. Haaretz. 01 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://www.haaretz.com-/1.5212736 adresinden erişildi.
  • BBC News. (2013). Esad’dan İsrail’e Hava Saldırısı ve Golan Uyarısı. 29 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-/2013/05/130531_esad_almanar adresinden erişildi.
  • Boyraz, T. A. (2019). İşgal Altındaki Golan Tepeleri İsrail İçin Neden Önemli?, Anadolu Ajansı. 22 Eylül 2019 tarihinde https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/isgal-altindaki-golan-tepeleri-israil-icin-neden-onemli/1425457 adresinden erişildi.
  • Byman, D. (2011). Israel’s pessimistic view of the Arab spring. Washington Quarterly 34(3), 123–36. doi: 10.1080/0163660X.2011.588139.
  • Chubin, S. (2012). Iran and the Arab Spring: Ascendancy Frustrated. Gulf Research Center Gulf Papers. Craggs Mersinoglu, Y. (2019). Israel in the Golan Heights-a Timeline. Financial Times. 25 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://www.ft.com/-content/8b1a72c2-4c8e-11e9-8b7f-d49067e0f50d adresinden erişildi.
  • Fırat, E. (2019). İsrail Genelkurmay Eizenkot: Suriye ve başka ülkelerde binlerce hedefe saldırı düzenledik. Anadolu Ajansı. 02 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/israil-genelkurmay-eizenkot-suriye-ve-baska-ulkelerde-binlerce-hedefe-saldiri-duzenledik/1363157 adresinden erişildi.
  • Ghassani, O. (2018). Israel Bombs Iranian Weapons-Loaded Aircraft in Syria, Anadolu Ajansı, 13 Ekim 2020 tarihinde https://www.aa.com.tr/en-/middle-east/israel-bombs-iranian-weapons-loaded-aircraft-in-syria/1255914 adresinden erişildi.
  • Gross, J. A. (2019). IDF Chief Finally Acknowledges That Israel Supplied Weapons To Syrian Rebels. The Times of Israel. 05 Ekim 2020 tarihinde https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-chief-acknowledges-long-claimed-weapons-supply-to-syrian-rebels/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Hexel, R. (2011). Brilliant Rhetoric devoid of Political Substance Netanyahu’s Speech on Capitol Hill. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Policy Paper,. 25 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/08180.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Israel Defence Forces. (2017). Operation Good Neighbours. 20 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://www.idf.il/en/minisites/operation-good-neighbor-/operation-good-neighbor-inside-the-idf-s-effort-to-provide-aid-to-syria adresinden erişildi.
  • Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2011). PM Netanyahu Addresses the Knesset: The Situation in Egypt. 24 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde https://mfa.gov.il/mfa/pressroom/2011/pages/pm_netanyahu_addresses_knesset_situation_egypt_2-feb-2011.aspx adresinden erişildi.
  • Jaspal, R. (y.y.). Representing the Arab Spring in the Iranian Press: Islamic Awakening or Foreign-Sponsored Terror? Politics, Groups, and Identities 2(3), 422–42. doi: 10.1080/21565503.2014.925814.
  • Jones, R. (2017). Israel Gives Secret Aid to Syrian Rebels. The Wall Street Journal. 01 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.wsj.com/articles/israel-gives-secret-aid-to-syrian-rebels-1497813430 adresinden erişildi. Katz, Y. (2011). For All His Faults, Assad is The Devil We Know. Jerusalem Post. 16 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/for-all-his-faults-assad-is-the-devil-we-know, adresinden erişildi.
  • Levy, D. (2019). Israel Just Admitted Arming anti-Assad Syrian Rebels. Big Mistake. Haaretz. 02 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.haaretz-.com/israel-news/.premium-israel-just-admitted-arming-anti-assad-syrian-rebels-big-mistake-1.6894850 adresinden erişildi.
  • Office of Supreme Leader. (2012). Supreme Leader’s Message Condemning Anti-Islam Film. 01 Mayıs 2019 tarihinde https://www.leader.ir/en/-content/9842/Supreme-Leader’s-Message-Condemning-Anti-Islam-Film adresinden erişildi.
  • Paton, C. (2017). Israeli Strike Hits Iranian Arms Depot Near Damascus Airport, Newsweek, 3 Ekim 2020 tarihinde https://www.newsweek-.com/israeli-strike-hits-iranian-arms-depot-near-damascus-airport-causing-huge-590607 adresinden erişildi.
  • Pfeffer, A. (2019). Smash the bases, spare the men-Israel’s invisible war in Syria. The Times. 03 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.thetimes.co.-uk/article/pummel-the-bases-miss-the-men-israel-s-invisible-war-in-syria-xpnl6khr8 adresinden erişildi.
  • Ravid, B. (2017). Israel Struck Hezbollah Targets in Syria Dozens of Times, Netanyahu Reveals in Hot-mic Remarks. Haaretz. 30 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/netanyahu-israel-struck-hezbollah-targets-in-syria-dozens-of-times-1.5431227 adresinden erişildi.
  • Sherwood, H.. (2011). Binyamin Netanyahu attacks Arab Spring Uprisings. The Guardian. Tarihinde 05 Eylül 2020 (https://www.theguar-dian.com/world/2011/nov/24/israel-netanyahu-attacks-arab-spring).
  • Sherwood, H. (2012). Israel Fires Into Syria for Second Day. The Guardian. 24 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://www.theguardian.com/world-/2012/nov/12/israel-fires-syria-second-day adresinden erişildi.
  • Tahhan, Z. (2017). Why does Israel keep attacking Syria? Al Jazeera. 30 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/10/23/why-does-israel-keep-attacking-syria adresinden erişildi.
  • The White House. (2011). Remarks by the President on the Middle East and North Africa. 25 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde https://obamawhitehouse-.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/05/19/remarks-president-middle-east-and-north-africa adresinden erişildi.
  • Tsurkov, E. (2018). Inside Israel’s Secret Program to Back Syrian Rebels. Foreign Policy. 01 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://foreignpolicy.com/-2018/09/06/in-secret-program-israel-armed-and-funded-rebel-groups-in-southern-syria/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Tür, Ö. (2015). Israel and the Syrian Crisis: Between Keeping the Status Quo and Demanding Change. Ekonomi İşletme Siyaset ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 1(1), 85–103.
  • United Nations Disengagement Observer Force. (y.y.). Background. 23 Eylül 2020 tarihinde https://undof.unmissions.org/background adresinden erişildi.
  • Winer, S. (2013). Syria Says it Captured Israeli Weapons From Rebels. Times of Israel. 02 Kasım 2020 tarihinde https://www.timesofisrael.com/-syria-says-it-captured-israeli-weapons-from-rebels/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Yacoubian, M. (2020). Syria Timeline: Since the Uprising Against Assad. United States Instutute of Peace. 01 Ekim 2020 tarihinde https://www.usip.org/publications/2020/07/syria-timeline-uprising-against-assad adresinden erişildi.
  • Zacharia, J. (y.y.) Israel Wary of Transition in Egypt, Concerned About Regional Stability. The Washington Post. 30 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/israelworries-about-peace-amid-regional-tumult/2011/02/01/ABZtFbE_story.html adresinden erişildi.
  • y.a.y. (2011). Barack Obama Joint Remarks to the Press Following Bilateral Meeting. 30 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde https://www.americanrhetoric-.com/speeches/PDFFiles/Barack Obama and Benyamin Netanyahu Joint Remarks.pdf adresinden erişildi.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Pınar Özden Cankara 0000-0003-3739-4771

Publication Date June 15, 2021
Acceptance Date February 7, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 17 Issue: 38

Cite

APA Özden Cankara, P. (2021). İsrail’in Arap Baharı’na Yaklaşımı ve Suriye İç Savaşı’na Yönelik Pozisyonu. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 17(38), 5657-5685. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.826966