Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 20 Issue: Human Behavior and Social Institutions, 1124 - 1136, 30.10.2023

Makbule Hürmet Çetinel , İlknur Mazan , Ozan Çatır

https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1344828

Abstract

İhbarcılık kavramı, işletmelerdeki tüm yasa dışı davranışların ve olumsuz eylemlerin ortaya çıkarılmasında oldukça önemlidir. Bu olayları ifşa edenlere muhbir denir. İhbarcılık son yıllarda önemi giderek artan bir kavram haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, restaurant işletmelerinde yaşanan olumsuz davranışları belirlemek ve bu olumsuz davranışlara karşı çalışan ve yöneticilerin tutum ve davranışlarını belirlemektir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmada çalışan geri bildirimlerini incelemek için çalışan platformu web siteleri kullanılmıştır. ABD merkezli şirket, 2008 yılından bu yana kullanıcıların şirketler ve iş fırsatları hakkında yorum yazabilecekleri bir platforma sahiptir. Çalışanlar bu platform üzerinden kurumla ilgili görüş ve geri bildirimlerini ifade edebilmektedir. Bu kapsamda, bu platformda toplam 1.250 restaurant çalışanının yorumu incelenmiştir. Bu restaurantlar, düşük ücret ve fazla mesai, yasa dışı ihmal ve politikalar, psikolojik şiddet, taciz ve ayrımcılık, iş yeri güvenliği, kötü yönetim ve hırsızlık gibi etik dışı davranışlar açısından değerlendirilmiştir. İhbarcılıkla iligili bu kategorilere maruz kalmaktadılar. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; restaurantlarda çalışanlar ihbarcılık eğilimi göstermektedir ve bunu da dışsal ihbarcılık kanalları ile yapmaktadırlar. Çalışanlar çoğunlukla kötü yönetimden ve yöneticilerin desteğinin olmamasından şikayet etmişlerdir ve bu nedenle dışsal ihbarcılık kanallarını kullandığı görülmüştür.

Keywords

İhbarcılık Dışsal İhbarcılık Çalışanlar Restaurantlar Online Yorumlar

References

  • Abdelaal, E., & Wageeh Nafei, W.(2022). The impact of hotel employees’ ethical awareness on their whistleblowing intentions: The role of cultural values as a moderator, Journal of the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels-University of Sadat City, 6, (2/2), 1-17.
  • Atalay, M.Ö. (2017). Etik ihlallerin bildirilmesinde örgütsel adalet algısının rolü: akademik personel üzerinde bir araştırma, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Trabzon, 1-126.
  • Barnett, T., Cochran, D. S., &Taylor, G. S., (1993).The internal disclosure policies of private-sector employers: an initial look at their relationship to employee whistleblowing, Journal of Business Ethics, 12(2) , 127-136.
  • Bouville, M. (2008). Whistleblowing and morality. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(3), 579–585.
  • Bowen, R. M., Call, A. C., & Rajgopal, S. (2010). Whistle-blowing: Target firm characteristics and economic consequences. The Accounting Review, 85 (4), 1239-1271.
  • Brown, A. (2008). Whistleblowing in the australian public sector. canberra, australian capital territory, Australia: ANUE Press.
  • Çetinel, M. H., Taslak, S. (2019). Çalışanların kişilik özellikleri ile ihbarcılık (whistleblowing) eğilimleri arasındaki ilişki üzerinde örgütsel adalet algısının aracılık rolü, International Journal Of Academic Value Studies, 5 (1), (5th Year Special Issue), 46-72.
  • Dworkin, T. M., Baucus, M. S., (1998), Internal vs. external whistleblowers: a comparison of whistleblowering processes, Journal of Business Ethics, 17 (12), 1281-1298.
  • Ernst, Y. (2010). European fraud survey 2009: is integrity a casualty of the downturn. Retrieved from . http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/European_fraud_survey_- _2009/$FILE/FIDS_European_fraud_survey_2009.pdf
  • Caillier, J.G. (2015). Transformational leadership and whistle-blowing attitudes: is this relationship mediated by organizational commitment and public service motivation?, American Review of Public Administration, 45(4), 458- 475.
  • Callahan, E. S., & Dworkin, T. M. (1994). Who blows the whistle to the media, and why: Organizational characteristics of media whistleblowers. American Business Law Journal, 32, 151-184.
  • Cekic, Y., Tuna, R., & Bacaksiz, F.E.(2023). The relationship between ethical position and whistleblowing: A cross-sectional study among nurses, Journal of Clınıcal Nursing, 32 (15-16), 4878-4886.
  • Chang, S. (2023). Stigmatized female moral rebels in hospitality/tourism. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 32, 100426.
  • Cheng, J., Bai, H., &Yang, X. (2017). Ethical leadership and internal whistleblowing: a mediated moderation model, Journal of Business Ethics, 155 (1), 115-130.
  • Chiu, R. K.(2003). Ethical judgment and whistleblowing intention: examining the moderating role of locus of control, Journal of Business Ethics, 43 (1), 65-74.
  • Currie, G., Richmond, J., Faulconbridge, J., Gabbioneta, C., & Muzio, D. (2019). Professional misconduct in healthcare: setting out a research agenda for work, Work, Employment and Society, 33 (1).
  • George, J. J.,& Leidner, D.E. (2019). From clicktivism to hacktivism: understanding digital activism. Information and Organization, 29(3), Article 100249.
  • Günay, G. Y., & Özyurt, B. (2020). Can whistleblowing be a solution to unethical behaviors in the tourism industry?In Organizational Behavior Challenges in the Tourism Industry, 227-248, IGI Global.
  • Indeed (2023). https://tr.indeed.com/?from=gnav-jobsearch--indeedmobile (Accessed on: 22nd of August, 2023).
  • Indriani, M., Nadirsyah, N., Dinaroe, D. (2022, March). does perceived organizational support have a moderating effect on whistleblowing intentions?. In 2022 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Applications (DASA), 746-750, IEEE.
  • Iwai, T., Yeung, L., Artes, R . (2021). Voice or silence: antecedents of whistleblowing intentions. Rausp Management Journal, 56 (2), 186-201.
  • Jubb, P. B. (1999). Whistleblowing: a restrictive definition and interpretation. Journal of Business Ethics, 21(1), 77–93.
  • Keenan, J. P., (2000), Blowing the whistle on less serious forms of fraud: a study of executives and managers, Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 12(4), 199-217.
  • Lee, HS., Kang, MM., & Kim, SY. (2021). A psychological process of bureaucratic whistleblowing: applying the theory of planned behavior, Amerıcan Revıew Of Publıc Admınıstratıon, 51 (5).
  • Lin, XW, Ding, ZJ, Chen, AH& Shi, HZ (2022). Internal whistleblowing and stock price crash risk, International Review Of Financial Analysis, 84.
  • Lowry, P. B., Moody, G. D., Galletta, D. F., Vance, A. (2013). The drivers in the use of online whistle-blowing reporting systems. Journal of Management Information Systems, 30 (1), 153-190.
  • Mesmer-Magnus, J. R., Viswesvaran, C. (2005). Whistleblowing in organizations: An examination of correlates of whistleblowing intentions, actions, and retaliation, Journal of Business Ethics, 62, 277–297.
  • Miceli, M. P., and Near, J. P. (1985), Characteristics of organizational climate and perceived wrongdoing associated with whistle-blowing decisions, Personnel Psychology, 38, 525-544.
  • Mkheimer, I.M., Selem, K.M., Shehata, A.E., Hussain, K., Perez, P.M. (2023). Can hotel employees arise internal whistleblowing intentions? leader ethics, workplace virtues and moral courage, European Journal Of Management And Business Economics, 32 (2), 203- 222.
  • Nayir, D. Z., and Herzig, C., (2012), Value orientations as determinants of preference for external and anonymous whistleblowing, Journal of Business Ethics, 107(2), 197-213.
  • Near, J.P., Miceli, M.P. (1985). Organizational dissidence: The case of whistleblowing, Journal of Business Ethics, 4 (1), 1-16.
  • Near, J.P. and Miceli, M.P. (1996), Whistle-blowing: myth and reality, Journal of Management, 22 (3), 507-526.
  • Near, J. P., Rehg, M. T., Van Scotter, J. R., & Miceli, M. P. (2004). Does type of wrongdoing affect the whistle-blowing process?. Business Ethics Quarterly, 14 (2), 219-242.
  • Nielsen, R. P. (1996). Internal due process systems. In The politics of ethics (pp. 157- 186). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Nisar, T.M., Prabhakar, G. and Torchia, M. (2019). Whistleblowing: when do employees act to ‘blow the whistle, Organizational Dynamics, 48 (1), 44-49.
  • Oelrich, S., Erlebach, K. (2021). Taking it outside: A study of legal contexts and external whistleblowing in China and India. Asian Journal Business Ethics, 10, 129–151.
  • Park, H., Blenkinsopp, J., Öktem, M., & Omurgonulsen, U. (2008). cultural orientation and attitudes toward different forms of whistleblowing: A comparison of South Korea, Turkey, and the U.K., Journal of Business Ethics, 82. 929-939.
  • Rabiul, M.K., Mohamed, A.E., Patwary, A.K., Yean, T.F., & Osman, S.Z. (2021).Linking Human Resources Practices To Employee Engagement İn The Hospitality İndustry: The Mediating İnfluences Of Psychological Safety, Availability And Meaningfulness, European Journal Of Management And Business Economics, 32(2), 223-240.
  • Ray, S. (2006). Whistleblowing and organizational ethics. Nursing Ethics, 13(4), 438-445.
  • Rothschild, J., & Terance D. M. (1999). Whistle-Blower disclosures and management retaliation: the battle to control information about organizational corruption, Work and Occupations, 26 (1), 107-128.
  • Sayğan, S. (2011). Whistleblowing ve örgütsel etik iklimi üzerine bir uygulama. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Konya, 1-187.
  • Seifert, D.L., Sweeney, J.T., Joireman, J., & Thornton, J.M. (2010). the influence of organizational justice on accountant whistleblowing. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 35, 707–717.
  • Scheetz, A.M., Smalls, TDW, Wall, J., & Wilson, AB. (2021). Perception of internal controls helps explain whistleblowing, Nonprofıt And Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 51(4).
  • Lindblom, L. (2007). Dissolving the moral dilemma of whistleblowing. Journal of Business Ethics, 76, 413-426. Smaili, N, Vandekerckhove, W., & Pardo, P.A. (2022). Handling Whistleblowing Reports: The Complexity of the Double Agent, Journal Of Busıness Ethics, 186 (2), 279-282.
  • Srivastava, S., & Gupta, P. (2022). To speak or not to speak: motivators for internal whistleblowing in hotel industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
  • Srivastava, S., Khan, M., Singh, A., & Jain, AK. (2023). A study of workplace bullying and coping strategies in hospitality sector: role of moral injury and inclusive leadership, Journal Of Organızatıonal Effectıveness-People And Performance,
  • Tufekci, Z. (2017). Twitter and tear gas: The power and fragility of networked protest. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Yılmaz, N. (2015), Kadın girişimciliğinde yönetsel etik değerler ve ifşa (whistleblowing): mersin ilinde uygulamalı bir araştırma. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Mersin Üniversitesi. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Mersin, 1-212.
  • Yu, H., Sirsat, S. A., & Neal, J. A. (2019). Linking food safety training with whistle-blowing: The mediation roles of job satisfaction and self-efficacy. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(1), 141–160.

Examining Online Comments of Employee Through The Concept of External Whistleblowing: A Study on Restaurants

Year 2023, Volume: 20 Issue: Human Behavior and Social Institutions, 1124 - 1136, 30.10.2023

Makbule Hürmet Çetinel , İlknur Mazan , Ozan Çatır

https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1344828

Abstract

The concept of whistleblowing is very important in revealing all illegal behaviors and negative actions in businesses. Those who disclose these events are called whistleblowers. Whistleblowing has become an increasingly important concept in recent years. The aim of this study is to determine the negative behaviors experienced in restaurant businesses, and to determine the attitudes and behaviors of employees and managers against these negative actions. In this context, this study used employee platform websites to examine employee feedback. The US-based company has had a platform where users can write reviews of companies and job opportunities since 2008. Employees can express their views and feedback about the organization on this platform. 1.250 restaurant reviews in English with searchable comments have been uploaded to the platform. These restaurants have been evaluated for unethical acts such as low pay and overtime, illegal negligence and policies, psychological violence, harassment and discrimination, workplace safety, mismanagement and theft. According to the results obtained, those working in restaurants are exposed to these whistleblowing categories. Employees mostly complain about poor management and lack of support from managers and therefore use external disclosure channels.

Keywords

Whistleblowing External Whistleblowing Restaurants Employee Online Comments

References

  • Abdelaal, E., & Wageeh Nafei, W.(2022). The impact of hotel employees’ ethical awareness on their whistleblowing intentions: The role of cultural values as a moderator, Journal of the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels-University of Sadat City, 6, (2/2), 1-17.
  • Atalay, M.Ö. (2017). Etik ihlallerin bildirilmesinde örgütsel adalet algısının rolü: akademik personel üzerinde bir araştırma, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Trabzon, 1-126.
  • Barnett, T., Cochran, D. S., &Taylor, G. S., (1993).The internal disclosure policies of private-sector employers: an initial look at their relationship to employee whistleblowing, Journal of Business Ethics, 12(2) , 127-136.
  • Bouville, M. (2008). Whistleblowing and morality. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(3), 579–585.
  • Bowen, R. M., Call, A. C., & Rajgopal, S. (2010). Whistle-blowing: Target firm characteristics and economic consequences. The Accounting Review, 85 (4), 1239-1271.
  • Brown, A. (2008). Whistleblowing in the australian public sector. canberra, australian capital territory, Australia: ANUE Press.
  • Çetinel, M. H., Taslak, S. (2019). Çalışanların kişilik özellikleri ile ihbarcılık (whistleblowing) eğilimleri arasındaki ilişki üzerinde örgütsel adalet algısının aracılık rolü, International Journal Of Academic Value Studies, 5 (1), (5th Year Special Issue), 46-72.
  • Dworkin, T. M., Baucus, M. S., (1998), Internal vs. external whistleblowers: a comparison of whistleblowering processes, Journal of Business Ethics, 17 (12), 1281-1298.
  • Ernst, Y. (2010). European fraud survey 2009: is integrity a casualty of the downturn. Retrieved from . http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/European_fraud_survey_- _2009/$FILE/FIDS_European_fraud_survey_2009.pdf
  • Caillier, J.G. (2015). Transformational leadership and whistle-blowing attitudes: is this relationship mediated by organizational commitment and public service motivation?, American Review of Public Administration, 45(4), 458- 475.
  • Callahan, E. S., & Dworkin, T. M. (1994). Who blows the whistle to the media, and why: Organizational characteristics of media whistleblowers. American Business Law Journal, 32, 151-184.
  • Cekic, Y., Tuna, R., & Bacaksiz, F.E.(2023). The relationship between ethical position and whistleblowing: A cross-sectional study among nurses, Journal of Clınıcal Nursing, 32 (15-16), 4878-4886.
  • Chang, S. (2023). Stigmatized female moral rebels in hospitality/tourism. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 32, 100426.
  • Cheng, J., Bai, H., &Yang, X. (2017). Ethical leadership and internal whistleblowing: a mediated moderation model, Journal of Business Ethics, 155 (1), 115-130.
  • Chiu, R. K.(2003). Ethical judgment and whistleblowing intention: examining the moderating role of locus of control, Journal of Business Ethics, 43 (1), 65-74.
  • Currie, G., Richmond, J., Faulconbridge, J., Gabbioneta, C., & Muzio, D. (2019). Professional misconduct in healthcare: setting out a research agenda for work, Work, Employment and Society, 33 (1).
  • George, J. J.,& Leidner, D.E. (2019). From clicktivism to hacktivism: understanding digital activism. Information and Organization, 29(3), Article 100249.
  • Günay, G. Y., & Özyurt, B. (2020). Can whistleblowing be a solution to unethical behaviors in the tourism industry?In Organizational Behavior Challenges in the Tourism Industry, 227-248, IGI Global.
  • Indeed (2023). https://tr.indeed.com/?from=gnav-jobsearch--indeedmobile (Accessed on: 22nd of August, 2023).
  • Indriani, M., Nadirsyah, N., Dinaroe, D. (2022, March). does perceived organizational support have a moderating effect on whistleblowing intentions?. In 2022 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Applications (DASA), 746-750, IEEE.
  • Iwai, T., Yeung, L., Artes, R . (2021). Voice or silence: antecedents of whistleblowing intentions. Rausp Management Journal, 56 (2), 186-201.
  • Jubb, P. B. (1999). Whistleblowing: a restrictive definition and interpretation. Journal of Business Ethics, 21(1), 77–93.
  • Keenan, J. P., (2000), Blowing the whistle on less serious forms of fraud: a study of executives and managers, Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 12(4), 199-217.
  • Lee, HS., Kang, MM., & Kim, SY. (2021). A psychological process of bureaucratic whistleblowing: applying the theory of planned behavior, Amerıcan Revıew Of Publıc Admınıstratıon, 51 (5).
  • Lin, XW, Ding, ZJ, Chen, AH& Shi, HZ (2022). Internal whistleblowing and stock price crash risk, International Review Of Financial Analysis, 84.
  • Lowry, P. B., Moody, G. D., Galletta, D. F., Vance, A. (2013). The drivers in the use of online whistle-blowing reporting systems. Journal of Management Information Systems, 30 (1), 153-190.
  • Mesmer-Magnus, J. R., Viswesvaran, C. (2005). Whistleblowing in organizations: An examination of correlates of whistleblowing intentions, actions, and retaliation, Journal of Business Ethics, 62, 277–297.
  • Miceli, M. P., and Near, J. P. (1985), Characteristics of organizational climate and perceived wrongdoing associated with whistle-blowing decisions, Personnel Psychology, 38, 525-544.
  • Mkheimer, I.M., Selem, K.M., Shehata, A.E., Hussain, K., Perez, P.M. (2023). Can hotel employees arise internal whistleblowing intentions? leader ethics, workplace virtues and moral courage, European Journal Of Management And Business Economics, 32 (2), 203- 222.
  • Nayir, D. Z., and Herzig, C., (2012), Value orientations as determinants of preference for external and anonymous whistleblowing, Journal of Business Ethics, 107(2), 197-213.
  • Near, J.P., Miceli, M.P. (1985). Organizational dissidence: The case of whistleblowing, Journal of Business Ethics, 4 (1), 1-16.
  • Near, J.P. and Miceli, M.P. (1996), Whistle-blowing: myth and reality, Journal of Management, 22 (3), 507-526.
  • Near, J. P., Rehg, M. T., Van Scotter, J. R., & Miceli, M. P. (2004). Does type of wrongdoing affect the whistle-blowing process?. Business Ethics Quarterly, 14 (2), 219-242.
  • Nielsen, R. P. (1996). Internal due process systems. In The politics of ethics (pp. 157- 186). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Nisar, T.M., Prabhakar, G. and Torchia, M. (2019). Whistleblowing: when do employees act to ‘blow the whistle, Organizational Dynamics, 48 (1), 44-49.
  • Oelrich, S., Erlebach, K. (2021). Taking it outside: A study of legal contexts and external whistleblowing in China and India. Asian Journal Business Ethics, 10, 129–151.
  • Park, H., Blenkinsopp, J., Öktem, M., & Omurgonulsen, U. (2008). cultural orientation and attitudes toward different forms of whistleblowing: A comparison of South Korea, Turkey, and the U.K., Journal of Business Ethics, 82. 929-939.
  • Rabiul, M.K., Mohamed, A.E., Patwary, A.K., Yean, T.F., & Osman, S.Z. (2021).Linking Human Resources Practices To Employee Engagement İn The Hospitality İndustry: The Mediating İnfluences Of Psychological Safety, Availability And Meaningfulness, European Journal Of Management And Business Economics, 32(2), 223-240.
  • Ray, S. (2006). Whistleblowing and organizational ethics. Nursing Ethics, 13(4), 438-445.
  • Rothschild, J., & Terance D. M. (1999). Whistle-Blower disclosures and management retaliation: the battle to control information about organizational corruption, Work and Occupations, 26 (1), 107-128.
  • Sayğan, S. (2011). Whistleblowing ve örgütsel etik iklimi üzerine bir uygulama. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Konya, 1-187.
  • Seifert, D.L., Sweeney, J.T., Joireman, J., & Thornton, J.M. (2010). the influence of organizational justice on accountant whistleblowing. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 35, 707–717.
  • Scheetz, A.M., Smalls, TDW, Wall, J., & Wilson, AB. (2021). Perception of internal controls helps explain whistleblowing, Nonprofıt And Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 51(4).
  • Lindblom, L. (2007). Dissolving the moral dilemma of whistleblowing. Journal of Business Ethics, 76, 413-426. Smaili, N, Vandekerckhove, W., & Pardo, P.A. (2022). Handling Whistleblowing Reports: The Complexity of the Double Agent, Journal Of Busıness Ethics, 186 (2), 279-282.
  • Srivastava, S., & Gupta, P. (2022). To speak or not to speak: motivators for internal whistleblowing in hotel industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
  • Srivastava, S., Khan, M., Singh, A., & Jain, AK. (2023). A study of workplace bullying and coping strategies in hospitality sector: role of moral injury and inclusive leadership, Journal Of Organızatıonal Effectıveness-People And Performance,
  • Tufekci, Z. (2017). Twitter and tear gas: The power and fragility of networked protest. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Yılmaz, N. (2015), Kadın girişimciliğinde yönetsel etik değerler ve ifşa (whistleblowing): mersin ilinde uygulamalı bir araştırma. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Mersin Üniversitesi. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Mersin, 1-212.
  • Yu, H., Sirsat, S. A., & Neal, J. A. (2019). Linking food safety training with whistle-blowing: The mediation roles of job satisfaction and self-efficacy. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(1), 141–160.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Organisational Behaviour
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Makbule Hürmet Çetinel 0000-0003-3260-7432

İlknur Mazan

Ozan Çatır

Early Pub Date October 27, 2023
Publication Date October 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 20 Issue: Human Behavior and Social Institutions

Cite

APA Çetinel, M. H., Mazan, İ., & Çatır, O. (2023). Examining Online Comments of Employee Through The Concept of External Whistleblowing: A Study on Restaurants. OPUS Journal of Society Research, 20(Human Behavior and Social Institutions), 1124-1136. https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1344828
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