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THE ALTERNATIVE SPECIES IN AQUACULTURE: ABALONE; FARMING AND OPPORTUNITIES IN TURKEY

Year 2015, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 9 - 28, 11.02.2016

Abstract

Abalones are in the phylum Mollusca, a permanently marine phylum and they are members of class gastropoda which includes sea snails. All abalones belong in the family Haliotidae and are members of the genus Haliotis. There are approximately 70 species in the world. Abalones require excellent water quality. The pH should be around 8.0 and salinity kept stable between 32 and 35 ppt. Abalones are dioecious, having separate males and females. Abalones are highly fecund mollusk and temperate species. A mature female abalone measuring 70 to 100mm in shell length and weighing 120 to 150g, routinely release 3 to 6 million eggs per spawning. As a general rule, bloodstock abalones should be maintained in similar conditions of their living in ocean where sexually mature gravid individuals are found. Mature eggs are extruded from the gonads and released through the respiratory pores. Eggs are collected after spawning and fertilization and subsequently held for 24 to 36 hours in a static system. At the end of the larval rearing period, planktonic veliger larvae completed their development are settled on a hard substrate and metamorphose into a crawling benthic juvenile forms. Abalones require different foods at different life stages for optimal growth and development. Larval abalones do not feed, young abalones have a higher protein and energy requirements compared to the adult. They actively feed near the surface. The main purpose of this study, provide information about abalone to little known by the people of our country.

References

  • [1] Olin, P. (1994). Abalone Culture In Hawaii: Haliotis fulgens and Haliotis diversicolor supertexta. Center For Tropical And Subtropıcal Aquaculture Fact Sheet No. 3, 3p.
  • [2] Hahn, K.O. (1989). Handbook of Culture of Abalone and Other Marine Gastropods. 368p, Boca Raton, FL., CRC Press.
  • [3] Moss, G. & Tong, L. (2005). Biology of an Abalone. Seafood Industry Training Organisation. The New Zeland Seafood Industry Council Ltd. 1-33 p.
  • [4] URL-1 (2013) Black Abalone (Haliotis cracherodii). NOAA Fisheries, Office of Protected Resources (2013), 27.02.2013. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/invertebrates/blackabalone.htm
  • [5] Olin, P. & Mcbride, S. (2000). Abalone Culture, pp.1-6. Encyclopedia Of Aquaculture (R. R. Stickney, Ed.), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA.
  • [6] Chew, K. K. & King, T. L. (2000). Molluscan Culture. pp. 540–548 (R. R. Stickney, Ed.), Encyclopedia of Aquaculture, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, USA.
  • [7] Wilson, N.H.F. & Schiel, D.R. (1995). Marine and Freshwater Res, p. 629-638.
  • [8] Tetschulte, T.C. & Connell, J.H. (1981). Veliger, p. 195-206.
  • [9] Gallardo W.G. & Salayo, N.D. (2003). SEAFDEC Asian Aquaculture Vol. 25 No. 3.
  • [10] Play, T.V.R & Kutty, M.N. (2005). Ch. 28. Clams, Scallops and Abalones, pp 549-560 Aquaculture Principles And Practices, 2nd Ed.. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., UK
  • [11] Anonimous, (2000). SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department Bulletin, Philippines, p.1-6.
  • [12] FitzGerald, A. (2008). Abalone Feed Requirements. South West Abalone Growers Association, p. 34.
  • [13] Castell, L. (2012). Ch. 24. Gastropod Molluscs, Farming Aquatic Animals and Plants. (Lucas J. S. and P. C. Southgate, Edits.), Blackwell Publishing Ltd., West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK
  • [15] URL-2 (2015). 13.03.2015 tarihinde http://www.myfirstbrain.com/student_view.aspx?ID=1316 adresinden alınmıştır.
  • [16] URL-3 (2015). 13.03.2015 tarihinde http://www.ebay.com/itm/Bestshells-Haliotis-Assinina-100-67mm-Gem- /231182223632?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_ 0&hash=item35d388c910, adresinden alınmıştır.
  • [17] Ungson, J.R. (2003). Phillipine Journal of Science 132(1):33-38.
  • [18] Cook, P.A., (2014). Modern Economy, 5, 1181-1186.
  • [19] Cook, P. A. & Gordon, H.R. (2010). Journal of Shellfish Research, 29(3):569- 571.
  • [20] URL-4 (2013). 13.03.2015 tarihinde Bildergalerie Wirbellose. http://www.abenteuer-miniriff.com/bildergalerie-wirbellose/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • [21] Fenwick, D. (2012). Haliotis tuberculata Linnaeus, 1758 - Green ormer or Sea ear (Marine Snails). 13.03.2015 tarihinde http://www.aphotomarine.com/snail_haliotis_tuberculata_green_ormer.html adresinden alınmıştır.

SU ÜRÜNLERİ ÜRETİMİNDE ALTERNATİF TÜR DENİZKULAĞI (ABALON) YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİ VE TÜRKİYE’DEKİ OLANAKLARI

Year 2015, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 9 - 28, 11.02.2016

Abstract

Denizkulağı baskın bir deniz filumu olan yumuşakçalar (Mollusca) filumundandır ve deniz salyangozlarını da içine alan karındanbacaklılar (Gastropoda) sınıfının üyesidir. Bütün denizkulağı türleri Haliotidae ailesinde ve Haliotis cinsinde yer alır. Dünyada yaklaşık 70 denizkulağı türü vardır. Denizkulakları kusursuz bir su kalitesine ihtiyaç duyarlar. pH 8.0 civarında olmalı ve tuzluluk 32-35 ppt arasında kalmalıdır. Denizkulağı ayrı eşeylidir, erkek ve dişi olarak ayrılır, yüksek miktarda yumurtlama verimliliği olan yumuşakçalardır ve ılıman bir türdür. Ergin bir dişi denizkulağının kabuk uzunluğu 75 ila 100 mm ve ağırlıkları 120 ila 150 g arasındadır. Bir yumurtlamada 3-6 milyon arasında yumurta bırakırlar. Genel bir kural olarak, anaç denizkulağı yumurtalı bireyleri okyanusta bulundukları ortama benzer koşullarda muhafaza edilmelidir. Olgun yumurtalar gonadlardan çıkar ve solunum gözenekleri aracılığıyla serbest kalırlar. Yumurtalar, yumurtlama ve döllenme sonrası toplanır. Hemen ardından 24-36 saat arasında durgun bir sistemde tutulur. Larval büyümenin son periyodunda gelişimini tamamlamış planktonik veliger larvalar sert yüzeye tutunur ve metamorfoz ile sürünen bentik jüvenil formlara dönüşürler. Denizkulağı optimum büyüme ve gelişme için farklı yaşam evrelerinde farklı besinlere ihtiyaç duyar. Larvalar yem almaz, genç denizkulakları yetişkin olanlara oranla daha yüksek protein ve enerji gereksinimi vardır. Aktif olarak yüzeye yakın beslenirler. Bu çalışmadaki temel amaç ülkemiz insanları tarafından az bilinen denizkulağı hakkında bilgi vermektir

References

  • [1] Olin, P. (1994). Abalone Culture In Hawaii: Haliotis fulgens and Haliotis diversicolor supertexta. Center For Tropical And Subtropıcal Aquaculture Fact Sheet No. 3, 3p.
  • [2] Hahn, K.O. (1989). Handbook of Culture of Abalone and Other Marine Gastropods. 368p, Boca Raton, FL., CRC Press.
  • [3] Moss, G. & Tong, L. (2005). Biology of an Abalone. Seafood Industry Training Organisation. The New Zeland Seafood Industry Council Ltd. 1-33 p.
  • [4] URL-1 (2013) Black Abalone (Haliotis cracherodii). NOAA Fisheries, Office of Protected Resources (2013), 27.02.2013. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/invertebrates/blackabalone.htm
  • [5] Olin, P. & Mcbride, S. (2000). Abalone Culture, pp.1-6. Encyclopedia Of Aquaculture (R. R. Stickney, Ed.), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA.
  • [6] Chew, K. K. & King, T. L. (2000). Molluscan Culture. pp. 540–548 (R. R. Stickney, Ed.), Encyclopedia of Aquaculture, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, USA.
  • [7] Wilson, N.H.F. & Schiel, D.R. (1995). Marine and Freshwater Res, p. 629-638.
  • [8] Tetschulte, T.C. & Connell, J.H. (1981). Veliger, p. 195-206.
  • [9] Gallardo W.G. & Salayo, N.D. (2003). SEAFDEC Asian Aquaculture Vol. 25 No. 3.
  • [10] Play, T.V.R & Kutty, M.N. (2005). Ch. 28. Clams, Scallops and Abalones, pp 549-560 Aquaculture Principles And Practices, 2nd Ed.. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., UK
  • [11] Anonimous, (2000). SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department Bulletin, Philippines, p.1-6.
  • [12] FitzGerald, A. (2008). Abalone Feed Requirements. South West Abalone Growers Association, p. 34.
  • [13] Castell, L. (2012). Ch. 24. Gastropod Molluscs, Farming Aquatic Animals and Plants. (Lucas J. S. and P. C. Southgate, Edits.), Blackwell Publishing Ltd., West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK
  • [15] URL-2 (2015). 13.03.2015 tarihinde http://www.myfirstbrain.com/student_view.aspx?ID=1316 adresinden alınmıştır.
  • [16] URL-3 (2015). 13.03.2015 tarihinde http://www.ebay.com/itm/Bestshells-Haliotis-Assinina-100-67mm-Gem- /231182223632?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_ 0&hash=item35d388c910, adresinden alınmıştır.
  • [17] Ungson, J.R. (2003). Phillipine Journal of Science 132(1):33-38.
  • [18] Cook, P.A., (2014). Modern Economy, 5, 1181-1186.
  • [19] Cook, P. A. & Gordon, H.R. (2010). Journal of Shellfish Research, 29(3):569- 571.
  • [20] URL-4 (2013). 13.03.2015 tarihinde Bildergalerie Wirbellose. http://www.abenteuer-miniriff.com/bildergalerie-wirbellose/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • [21] Fenwick, D. (2012). Haliotis tuberculata Linnaeus, 1758 - Green ormer or Sea ear (Marine Snails). 13.03.2015 tarihinde http://www.aphotomarine.com/snail_haliotis_tuberculata_green_ormer.html adresinden alınmıştır.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Serkan Saygun This is me

Publication Date February 11, 2016
Submission Date February 11, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Saygun, S. (2016). SU ÜRÜNLERİ ÜRETİMİNDE ALTERNATİF TÜR DENİZKULAĞI (ABALON) YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİ VE TÜRKİYE’DEKİ OLANAKLARI. Ordu Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 5(1), 9-28.