Arap Birliği’nin Üye Ülkeleri Arası Çatışmaları Çözme Kapasitesi

Year 2021, , 313 - 336, 12.11.2021

Battal Dogan

https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.937436

Abstract

Öz: Bu makale Arap Birliği’nin (AB) üye ülkeleri arasında çıkan çatışmaları yönetme ve çözmede kapasite ve yetkinliğini incelemektedir. Bölgesel bir kuruluş olarak AB çatışmaları yönetme ve çözüme kavuşturmada hem kurumsal yapı hem de güç anlamında yetersiz bir performans gösterdi. Bu başarısızlığın sebebi de iki önemli etkene bağlanabilir: Birincisi, AB üye ülkelerinin farklı rejim yapılarına ve ekonomik güce sahip olmaları; İkincisi, uluslararası kurumların ve çıkarları doğrultusunda güçlü devletlerin çatışmalara müdahil olmaları. Bu iki faktör, AB’nin çatışmaları yönetme ve çözme üzerindeki kontrolünü zayıflatmış ve nihayetinde bölge sorunları üzerindeki inisiyatifini küresel güçlere kaptırmıştır. Bu makalede AB’nin sorunları çözmede yetkilendirdiği aktörleri, organları ve fonksiyonlarını ele alırken, üye ülkeler arasında anlaşmazlıkları çözmekle yetkili olan AB Konseyi, Genel Sekreterliği ve diğer araç ve aktörlere yer verilecektir. Böylelikle AB’nin kurumsal yapısı üzerinde durularak, özellikle de Birliğin karar alma ve sorun çözme mekanizmalarına ışık tutulacaktır. Bu bağlamda AB’nin mevcut yapısıyla çatışmaları nasıl yönettiğini anlamak için Birliğin tarihinden iki örnek vaka incelenecektir. Bunlardan ilki Kuveyt’in egemenliğini tehdit eden 1961 ve 1990 Irak-Kuveyt çatışmaları, ikincisi ise Fas ile Cezayir arasında Batı Sahra bölgesinde ortaya çıkan sınır çatışmadır.

Keywords

Arap Birliği, Çatışma Çözümleri, Arabuluculuk, Tahkim ve Örnek Vakalar

Supporting Institution

YOK

Project Number

YOK

قدرة جامعة الدول العربية على حل النزاعات بين دولها الأعضاء

Abstract

الملخص: تبحث هذه المقالة في قدرة وكفاءة جامعة الدول العربية في إدارة وحل النزاعات بين الدول الأعضائها. كمنظمة إقليمية ، كان أداء الجامعة ضعيفًا من حيث الهيكل المؤسسي والسلطة في إدارة وحل النزاعات. يمكن أن يُعزى سبب هذا الفشل إلى عاملين مهمين: أولاً ، هياكل النظام المختلفة والقوة الاقتصادية للدول الأعضاء في الجامعة . ثانياً ، تدخل المؤسسات الدولية والدول الكبرى في سير عملية التنازع بما يتماشى مع مصالحها. أدى هذان العاملان إلى إضعاف سيطرة الجامعة العربية على إدارة النزاعات وحلها وفقد في النهاية مبادرتها بشأن النزاعات الإقليمية لصالح القوى العالمية. أثناء التعامل مع الجهات الفاعلة والأجهزة ووظائفها في قرارات تخص النزاع ، ستركزهذا البحث على مجلس الجامعة ، والأمانة العامة ، ومؤتمرات القمة وغيرها من الأدوات المخولة لحل القضايا المتنازع عليها بين الدول الأعضاء. وبهذه الطريقة ، مع التركيز على الهيكل المؤسسي للجامعة ، تهدف هذا البحث إلى إلقاء الضوء على هيكلية صنع القرار وحل النزاعات في الجامعة. في هذا السياق ، سيتم فحص حالتين من تاريخ الجامعة من أجل استكشاف كيفية إدارة وحل النزاعات مع هيكلها الحالي. الأول هو النزاع العراقي - الكويتي في عامي 1961 و 1990 الذي هدد سيادة الكويت ، والثاني هو النزاع الحدودي بين المغرب والجزائر في منطقة الصحراء الغربية.

Keywords

الكلمات المفتاحية:, جامعة الدول العربية ،, تسوية النزاعات ،, الوساطة ،, التحكيم, ودراسات الحالة

Project Number

YOK

Conflict Resolution Capacity of the Arab League Between its Member States

Abstract

Abstract: This article examines the ability and competence of the Arab League (AL) in managing and resolving conflicts between its member states. As a regional organization, AL has poorly performed both in terms of institutional structure and power in managing and resolving conflicts. The reason for this failure can be attributed to two important factors: first, the different regime structures and economic power of the AL member states; second, the involvement of international institutions and powerful states in the process of conflicts in line with their interests. These two factors have weakened the AL’s control over managing and resolving conflicts and ultimately lost its initiative on regional conflicts to global powers. While dealing with the actors, organs and their functions in conflict resolutions, the paper will focus on the AL’s Council, Secretariat, Summits and other instruments which are authorized to resolve disputed cases among its member states. In this way, with emphasize on the institutional structure of the AL, the paper aims to shed light on the League's decision-making and conflict-solving structure. In this context, two cases from the history of the League will be examined in order to explore how the League manages the conflicts with its current structure. The first of these is the Iraq-Kuwait conflicts of 1961 and 1990 that threatened Kuwait’s sovereignty, and the second is the border conflict between Morocco and Algeria in the Western Sahara region.

Keywords

Keywords: The Arab League, Conflict Resolutions, Mediation, Arbitration and Case Studies

Project Number

YOK

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