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Türkiye-İran İlişkilerinin Politik Ekonomisi: Üç Asimetri

Year 2014, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 141 - 164, 01.01.2014

Abstract

Türkiye-İran ilişkileri, literatürde genelde istikrarlı olarak değerlendirilmekte ve ikili ilişkilerdeki istikrarın sebepleri, çoğunlukla ikili ilişkilerin jeopolitiğinin aşırı vurgulanması ile yetersiz şekilde açıklanmaktadır. Yine de, Türkiye-İran ilişkilerinin jeoekonomisi, ikili ilişkilerin mevcut durumu ve geleceği için ilişkilerin jeopolitiği kadar önemlidir. Bu makale, Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi’nin Türkiye’de iktidara geldiği 2002 yılından sonraki Türkiye-İran ilişkilerine farklı bir açıdan yaklaşmaktadır. Başlıca jeoekonomi perspektifinden olmak üzere, enerji ilişkilerinin, özelde Türkiye ve İran arasındaki ikili ekonomik ilişkilere, genelde iki devlet arasındaki ikili ilişkilere yansımalarını tetkik etmektedir. İlişkilerdeki üç asimetriyi, ikili ilişkilerde jeopolitiğin önceliği, ikili ekonomik ilişkilerde enerjinin önceliği ve ikili enerji ilişkilerinde doğalgazın önceliği olarak tespit etmektedir. Bu asitmerilerden hareketle, makale, enerji ilişkilerinin, müşterek siyasi meseleleri içerecek şekilde Türkiye-İran ilişkilerinde işbirliğinin kapsamını genişletmek için elverişli bir başlangıç noktası teşkil edebileceği sonucuna varmaktadır

References

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Political Economy of Turkish-Iranian Relations: Three Asymmetries

Year 2014, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 141 - 164, 01.01.2014

Abstract

Turkish-Iranian relations are in general regarded stable in the literature, and the causes of stability in bilateral relations are inadequately explained often by overemphasising the geopolitics of bilateral relations. Nonetheless, the geoeconomics of Turkish-Iranian relations is as significant as the geopolitics of the relations for both the current state of affairs in bilateral relations and their future. This article approaches Turkish-Iranian relations after 2002, when Justice and Development Party came to power in Turkey, from a different angle. Mainly from the geoeconomics perspective, it explores the implications of the energy relations for, in particular, bilateral economic relations between Turkey and Iran, and, in general, bilateral relations between the two states. It identifies three asymmetries in the relations as the primacy of geopolitics in bilateral relations, the primacy of energy in bilateral economic relations and the primacy of natural gas in bilateral energy relations. By moving from these asymmetries, the article concludes that energy relations may serve as a favourable starting point to broaden the scope of cooperation in Turkish-Iranian relations to include political issues of mutual concern

References

  • “Çimentocular İran’dan rahatsız”, Zaman, July 6, 2013, http:// www.zaman.com.tr/ekonomi_cimentocular-irandan-rahat- siz_2107866.html.
  • “Gübretaş’tan İran’a 150 milyon dolarlık yatırım”, Dünya, January 5, 2012, http://www.dunya.com/gubretastan-irana- milyon-dolarlik-yatirim-142469h.htm.
  • “Iran to double electricity export to Turkey by late May”, PressTV, April 4, 2012, http://www.presstv.ir/detail/234603.html.
  • “Milletlerarası Andlaşma”, Resmi Gazete, Şubat 2005, http:// www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2005/02/20050225-2.htm.
  • “Obama defends Interim Nuclear deal”, BBC News, Novem- ber 25, 2013, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle- east-25095673.
  • “Turkey Not to End Iran Oil Imports: Erdogan”, Press TV, May , 2013, http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2013/05/18/304146/ turkey-not-halting-iran-oil-imports/.
  • “US passes sanctions bill to hit Iran’s oil exports”, Hurriyet Daily News, August 2, 2013, http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/De- fault.aspx?pageID=238&nid=51856.
  • Adilgızı, Lamiya, “Iran-Armenia Ties Strengthening to Counter Turkey-Azerbaijan Alliance”, Today’s Zaman, March 31, 2013, http://www.todayszaman.com/news-311218-iran-armenia- ties-strengthening-to-counter-turkey-azerbaijan-alliance.html.
  • Altunsoy, İsmail, “Rusya Doğalgaza yüzde 8 değil, yüzde 4 indir- im yaptı”, Zaman, March 30, 2013, http://www.zaman.com.tr/ ekonomi_haber-inceleme-rusya-dogalgaza-yuzde-8-degil-yuzde- indirim-yapti_2071769.html.
  • Aras, Bulent, Rabia Karakaya Polat, “From Conflict to Coopera- tion: Desecuritisation of Turkey’s Relations with Syria and Iran”, Security Dialogue, Vol. 39, No. 5, 1998, pp. 495-515.
  • Arıboğan, D.Ülke and Mert Bilgin, “New Energy Order Politics Neopolitics: From Geopolitics to Energeo Politics”, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Vol. 5, No. 20, Winter 2009, pp. 109-132.
  • Calabrese, John, “Turkey and Iran: Limits of A Stable Relation- ship”, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 25, No. 1, , pp. 75-94.
  • CBoI (Central Bank of Iran), “Iran Central Bank Annual Review Report 2011-2012”, 2013.
  • DEKTMK (Dünya Enerji Konseyi Türk Milli Komitesi), “Enerji Raporu 2012”, 2013.
  • Development Bank of Turkey, “Türkiye Kalkınma Bankasından Limak Çimentoya Kredi”, January 2014, http://www.kalkinma. com.tr/tkb_limak_cimentoua_kredi.aspx.
  • EIA (Energy Information Administration), “International Energy Outlook 2011”, 2012.
  • EPDK (Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu), “Doğal Gaz Piyasası Raporu 2011”, 2012.
  • EPDK, “Doğal Gaz Dağıtım Lisansı İhalaleri”, December 2013, http://www2.epdk.org.tr/lisans/dogalgaz/lisansdatabase/ ihale.asp.
  • EPDK, “Elektrik Piyasa Raporu 2011”, 2012.
  • EPDK, “Petrol Piyasası Raporu 2012”, 2013.
  • Filkins, Dexter, “The Shadow Commander”, The New Yorker, September 30, 2013, http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2013/09/30/130930fa_ fact_filkins.
  • IEA (International Energy Agency), “Key World Energy Statistics ”, 2013.
  • Katzman, Kenneth, “Iran Sanctions”, Congressional Research Service, January 2014.
  • Kösebalaban, Hasan, “Turkey and the New Middle East: Between Liberalism and Realism,” Perceptions, Vol. 16, No. 3, 2011, p. 114.
  • Öğütçü, Mehmet, “Turkey and Changing Dynamics of World En- ergy: Towards Cleaner and Smarter Energy”, Insight Turkey, Vol. , No. 3, 2010, pp. 63-88.
  • Omidi, Ali, “A Comparative Analysis of the Turkish and Iranian Foreign Policy towards the Arab Revolutions,” Discourse: An Ira- nian Quarterly, Vol. 10, No. 3-4, 2012, p. 29-52.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Science, Industry and Technol- ogy, “Çimento Sektör Raporu – 2011/12”, 2013.
  • Roberts, John, “Turkey As A Regional Energy Hub”, Insight Tur- key, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2010, pp. 39-48.
  • Rouhani, Hassan, “Religion and International Relations: Some General Reflections, with Particular Emphasis on the Experience of the Islamic Republic”, Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 1, Spring 2010, pp. 15-51.
  • Sinkaya, Bayram, “Rationalization of Turkey-Iran Relations: Prospects and Limits”, Insight Turkey, Vol. 14 , No. 2, 2012, pp. 156.
  • Shaffer, Brenda, Energy Politics, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009.
  • Solat, Reza and Hooshang Azizi, “Rivalry and Cooperation in the Iran-Turkey Relations in the Light of the Arab Spring,” Discourse: An Iranian Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 3-4, 2012, p. 119-143.
  • TEIAS (Turkish Electricity Transmission Company), “Mevcut En- terkonneksiyon Hatlarının Net Transfer Kapasiteleri Duyurusu”, December 2013, http://www.teias.gov.tr/Dosyalar/NetTrans- ferKapasiteleri.doc.
  • TEIAŞ, December 2013, http://www.teias.gov.tr/T%C3%BCrki yeElektrik%C4%B0statistikleri/istatistik2011/uretim%20tuke- tim(22-45)/23.xls.
  • TEIAŞ, “Stratejik Plan 2011-2015”, 2012.
  • TMoE (Republic of Turkey Ministry of Economy), “Iran Country Report 2012”, 2013.
  • TMoE, ”İran İslam Cumhuriyeti’ne İlişkin Temel Bilgiler”, http://www.ekonomi.gov.tr/upload/C74985FF-D8D3-8566- E92CB063EEF8/%C4%B0ran-son.pdf.
  • TMoE, “İran İslam Cumhuriyeti Müteahhitlik Hizmetleri Ülke Profili”, http://www.musavirlikler.gov.tr/upload/IR/2012%20IRAN%20 muteahhitlik%20hizmetleri%20raporu%20(paylasilir).pdf.
  • TMoE, “İran İslam Cumhuriyeti Ülke Sunumu”, http://www. musavirlikler.gov.tr/upload/IR/IRAN%20SUNUMU.ppt. TMoE, “Turkiye’nin Taraf Oldugu Yatirimlarin Karsilikli Tesviki ve Korunmasi Anlasmalarinin Icerigi ve Islevleri”, 2013, pp. 3-4.
  • Turkish Cement Manufacturers’ Association, Association, “Ener- ji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanı Taner Yıldız: “Çimento Sektörünün Çalışmalarını Peşinen Destekliyoruz”, June 2013, http://www. tcma.org.tr/index.php?page=icerikgoster&cntID=316.
  • Turkish Embassy in Tehran, January 2014, http://www.musa- virlikler.gov.tr/index.cfm?dil=EN&ulke=IR.
  • Turkish-Iranian Business Council, January 2014, http:// en.deik.org.tr/Konsey/112/Turkish_Iranian.html.
  • Victor, David G. and Linda Yueh, “The New Energy Order Manag- ing Insecurities in the Twenty-first Century”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. , No. 1, 2010, pp. 61-73.
  • Winrow, Gareth M., “Turkey and East-West Gas Transportation Corridor”, Turkish Studies, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2004, pp. 23-42.
  • WTO (World Trade Organization), “Trade Profiles 2012”, 2013.
  • Yoldaş, Bulent, “Çimento ihracatında İran tehlikesi kapıda”, Sabah, April 1, 2010, http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekono- mi/2010/05/01/cimento_ihracatinda_iran_tehlikesi_kapida.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Serhan Ünal This is me

Eyüp Ersoy

Publication Date January 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

Chicago Ünal, Serhan, and Eyüp Ersoy. “Türkiye-İran İlişkilerinin Politik Ekonomisi: Üç Asimetri”. Ortadoğu Etütleri 5, no. 2 (January 2014): 141-64.

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